Osimiri Malewa
Osimiri Malewa na-arịgo n'ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Aberdare Range dị na Kenya ma na-asọba n'ebe ndịda na ọdịda anyanwụ gaa na Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha dị na Ndagwurugwu Rift Ukwu. Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha bụ isi iyi mmiri dị mkpa n'ebe kpọrọ nkụ, ọ na-akwadokwa azụmaahịa ọrụ ugbo na ịkọ ugbo nke na-elekwasị anya na mbupụ yana njem nlegharị anya. Mmiri dị n'osimiri Malewa emebiela n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe mmadụ na-eme n'elu mmiri ahụ. Mmetụta ogologo oge nke a nwere na pasentị mmiri ozuzo na-abanye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha edoghị anya. O nwere ike na afọ mmiri ozuzo dị ala, pasentị ahụ ga-ada n'ihi mmiri a na-amịkọrọ, ebe n'afọ mmiri ozuzo dị elu, pasentị ahụ ga-arị elu n'ihi ala a kụrụ akụ nwere obere ikike ijide mmiri na iwebata ihe karịrị 100% mmiri na-asọpụta dịka okporo ụzọ laamba na mpempe ígwè, wdg.
Ebe ndọba mmiri
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mmiri mmiri Malewa nke 1,730 square kilometres (670 sq mi) na-enye ihe dị ka 90% nke mmiri na-asọba n'Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha, ebe ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-esi na Osimiri Gilgil apụta.[1] Isi mmiri nke isi ọwa mmiri Malewa na-amalite site n'ebe dị elu nke 3,700 metres (12,100 ft) n'ugwu Nyandarua (Aberdare). Osimiri nta dị iche iche na-esi na mkpọda nke Aberdares na-asọba n'akụkụ mmiri ya nke Wanjohi.[2] Ụtụ ndị ọzọ bụ Turasha, Simba, Nyairoko na Ol Kalou.[3] Osimiri ndị dị na mpaghara Malewa dị obere mana ha niile na-adịru ogologo oge.[2]
Oke ọhịa Aberdare na-enweta ihe dị ka 1,200 millimetres (47 in) mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ ma nwee nnukwu oke ọhịa. Ugwu ndị Malewa na-agbapụta bụ ugwu mgbawa ma na-enye aka na sodium na calcium na mmiri site na mmiri kemịkalụ nke nkume ndị ahụ. Sulphate dị n'ime mmiri na-esi n'ikuku apụta.[4] Ala nke Rift Valley na-adị naanị 600 millimetres (24 in) kwa afọ, a na-ekpuchikwa ya nke ọma site na ahịhịa, yana ájá nkịtị. Mmiri ozuzo na-ezo n'etiti Eprel na Juun, nakwa ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba na Nọvemba. Mmiri ozuzo na-ezo n'ime ọnwa ndị a.[5]
Ojiji ala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osimiri Malewa na-enweta mmiri site na iyi ndị na-agafe Kinangop Plateau. N'otu oge, ala ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ahịhịa jupụtara na ya nke nwere obere osisi. Ndagwurugwu iyi ahụ nwere ọtụtụ apịtị ndị na-amị amị. [Ndị Kikuyu|Ndị Kikuyu]] ndị ọrụ ugbo bi n'ala ahụ kemgbe afọ 1960. Ha akọọla ọtụtụ ala iji kụọ ọka, ọka wit, kabeeji na poteto. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ala mmiri ndị ahụ agbapụtala.[6] Ebe a na-anaghị eme atụmatụ iwepụ mmiri n'ime mmiri, osisi ndị a kụrụ maka osisi na nkụ na-amịkọrọ mmiri ahụ. Usoro a bụ ịkọ ihe ubi nri na ihe ubi ego nke ọma.[7]
Nsogbu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ogbugbu na mkpọmkpọ ala na-eyi osimiri ahụ egwu, mmụba nke mmiri maka ịgba mmiri, na mmetọ sitere na fatịlaịza na ọgwụ nje.[8] N'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1997, mmiri osimiri Malewa jupụtara n'ala gbasasịrị ihe dị ka 500 metres (1,600 ft) wee banye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha.[2] Inweta akụrụngwa na ahịa sitere n'okike adịghị mma n'ógbè ahụ. Esemokwu mmiri bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ịda ogbenye dịkwa ebe niile. Mmezi na usoro njikwa akụrụngwa nwere ike ibute nnukwu mmezi na ibelata mmetọ na mbuze.[9]
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Gherardi 2007, p. 93.
- 1 2 3 Harper 2003, p. 16.
- ↑ Harper 2003, p. 17.
- ↑ Young 1996, p. 142.
- ↑ Hamududu 1998.
- ↑ Birdlife International.
- ↑ Darwin Initiative 2006.
- ↑ Lake Naivasha - Malewa.
- ↑ Ogweno 2009.
Isi mmalite
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Birdlife International. "KE004: Kinangop grasslands". Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- Darwin Initiative (2006-07-05). "Kinangop Plateau Nature Reserve Management Plan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
{{cite cite web}}: More than one of|accessdate=and|access-date=specified (help); More than one of|archivedate=and|archive-date=specified (help); More than one of|archiveurl=and|archive-url=specified (help) - Hamududu, Byman, H (1998). "Erosion assessment for large basins using remote sensing and GIS". International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, Netherlands. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
{{cite cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Gherardi, Francesca (2007). Biological invaders in inland waters: profiles, distribution and threats. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-6028-1.
- Harper, David M. (2003). Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Springer. ISBN 1-4020-1236-5.
- "Lake Naivasha - Malewa River Basin Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Programme". WWF Global. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
- Ogweno, Luke Philip (2009). "Hydrological analysis of Malewa watershed as a basis for implementing payment for environmental services (PES)". Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- Young, T. P. (1996). East African ecosystems and their conservation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-510817-5.