Osimiri Ruvuma
Osimiri Ruvuma, nke a na-akpọbu Osimiri Rovuma, bụ osimiri dị na mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu Afrịka .N'ime nnukwu akụkụ nke ụzọ ọ na-asọba, ọ na-eme ókèala dị n'etiti Tanzania na Mozambique.Osimiri ahụ dị ihe dịka kilomita 998 (maịl 620) n'ogologo, ma nwee akụkụ mgbapụta mmiri nke ruru ihe dịka kilomita skwea 155,000 (maịl skwea 60,000).Nkezi oke mmiri ọ na-ebuga kwa afọ dị n'agbata mita kubik 475 kwa sekọnd (16,800 cu ft/s) na mita kubik 2,286 kwa sekọnd (80,700 cu ft/s) n'ọnụ osimiri ya.[1][2]
Ịchụpụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nkezi na nke kachasị elu nke Osimiri Rovuma (11°9′53.9532′′S 39°15′37.8072′′E / 11.164987000°S 39.260502000°E / -11.164987000, 39.26052000):[3]
| VIC modeled (1999-2008) | MFR atụmatụ na-agafe (1999-2008) | Oge akụkọ ihe mere eme UNH-GRDC (1957-1999) |
|---|---|---|
| Nkezi nke nsị | ||
| 1,864 m3/s (65,800 cu ft/s) | 1,866 m3/s (65,900 cu ft/s) | 1,838 m3/s (64,900 cu ft/s) |
| Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke nsị | ||
| 22,365 m3/s (789,800 cu ft/s) | 22,630 m3/s (799,000 cu ft/s) | 22,053 m3/s (778,800 cu ft/s) |
Nkezi oke mmiri Osimiri Rovuma na-ebuga kwa ọnwa (11°9′53.9532″S 39°15′37.8072″E / 11.164987000°S 39.260502000°E), dabere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke UNH-GRDC n'agbata afọ 1957 na 1999.): [3]
| Ọnwa | Mgbapụta
(m3/s) |
|---|---|
| JAN | 3,340 |
| FEB | 4,040 |
| MAR | 5,390 |
| APR | 3,880 |
| MAY | 1,780 |
| JUN | 780 |
| JUL | 350 |
| AUG | 160 |
| SEP | 50 |
| OCT | 80 |
| NOV | 270 |
| EC | 1,940 |
Ụtụ isi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osimiri nta ndị kacha ibu na-asọba n'Osimiri Rovuma: [2]
| Akụkụ aka ekpe
ụtụ isi |
ụtụ isi
aka nri |
Ogologo (kilomita)
(Km) |
Ogologo ọdọ mmiri
(Km2) |
Nkezi mbupụ
(m3/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rovuma | 760 | 155,316.4 | 1,773 | |
| Kitama | 70 | 1,065.8 | 12.3 | |
| Matiu | 100 | 1,920.1 | 26.1 | |
| Mwiti | 80 | 994.2 | 14 | |
| Ninga | 100 | 1,572.8 | 19.8 | |
| Miesi | 80 | 946.7 | 12.5 | |
| Mbangala | 160 | 3 598.2 | 44.4 | |
| Ihe onwunwe | 650 | 60,990.4 | 752.1 | |
| Lukwika | 100 | 1,331.5 | 16.3 | |
| Manjesi | 90 | 1,084.2 | 16.3 | |
| Lumesule | 180 | 2,342.8 | 28.9 | |
| Muhuwesi | 240 | 10,319.6 | 137.3 | |
| Mzinieva | 100 | 1,285.4 | 22.5 | |
| Chimovero | 638.3 | 11.2 | ||
| Nnụnụ nnụnụ | 60 | 975.7 | 16 | |
| Lukembule | 1,234.6 | 21.6 | ||
| Chiluezi | 3,544.9 | 55.1 | ||
| Lopele | 763.1 | 13.3 | ||
| Luvingo | 80 | 592.4 | 10.3 | |
| Ludimile | 1,129.4 | 20.7 | ||
| Sasawara | 90 | 2,322.8 | 37.3 | |
| Msangesi | 120 | 1,614.1 | 23.8 | |
| Lipapa | 753.5 | 14.2 | ||
| Ịgbapụta | 2,863.2 | 51.9 | ||
| Lucheringo | 250 | 9,288.1 | 200.5 | |
| Lualece | 60 | 611.9 | 11 | |
| Miongosi | 50 | 964.3 | 11.6 | |
| Likonde | 150 | 5,914.8 | 61.2 | |
| Mlongasi | 100 | 960.8 | 11.9 | |
| Messinge | 238 | 7,525.4 | 174.8 | |
| Lunyere | 190 | 6,210.1 | 78.7 | |
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osimiri Ruvuma dị ala sitere na njikọ dị na 11° 25′ S, 38° 31′ E nke alaka abụọ fọrọ nke nta ka ha hara nhata, nke ogologo ya, Lujenda, sitere na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, nke ọzọ, nke ka na-ebu aha Ruvuma, site na ọdịda anyanwụ. Isi iyi ya dị n'elu ala dị larịị, 1,000 m (3,300 n'ịdị elu, ozugbo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Nyasa, na 10° 45′ S, 35° 40′ E, isi mmiri na-ebu ụzọ na-aga n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ tupu ọ tụgharịa n'ebe ndịda na ọwụwa Anyanwụ.
N'ụzọ ọwụwa anyanwụ ya, Ruvuma na-asọba n'akụkụ ala nke ugwu dị larịị nke ala dị larịị n'ebe ugwu, ebe iyi ndị ahụ, nke gburu onwe ha ọwa miri emi na nsọtụ ala, nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ mkpirikpi niile.
N'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke Osimiri Ruvuma, osimiri ahụ na-anatakwa mmiri sitere n'Osimiri Lujenda, Osimiri Msinje, na Osimiri Luchulingo, ndị na-asọba n'ime ndagwurugwu sara mbara nke na-agbatị site n'ebe ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu.Osimiri Lujenda na-amalite n'ebe dị nso na Ọdọ Mmiri Chilwa, n'obere Ọdọ Mmiri Chiuta (nke dị ihe dịka mita 520 (ụkwụ 1,700) n'ịdị elu). Ala mmiri apịtị dị n'ebe ndịda ya bụ naanị obere ugwu kpuchiri ọhịa na-ekewa ya na Ọdọ Mmiri Chilwa.Mmiri si na Ọdọ Mmiri Chiuta pụta na-agafe n'ime ndagwurugwu apịtị ruo Ọdọ Mmiri Amaramba, nke dị warara. Site n'ebe ahụ ka Osimiri Lujenda si apụta n'ikpeazụ dịka iyi mmiri nke obosara ya ruru ihe dịka yaadị 80 (mita 73).
N'okpuru ya, ọ dịgasị iche iche n'obosara, nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ ogologo agwaetiti osisi nke na-arị elu karịa ọkwa idei mmiri, ma na-ebikarị. Osimiri ahụ nwere ike ịgafe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'Oge ọkọchị. N'ọnụ ya ọ dị ihe dị ka 1 mile (1.6 km) n'obosara.
Akụkụ ala nke Osimiri Ruvuma, nke na-adịkarị ihe dịka ọkara maịl (0.8 km) n'obosara ma na-adịkarịkwa na-enweghị nnukwu omimi, na-asọba n'ime ndagwurugwu apịtị nke ugwu mkpọda gbara gburugburu, ebe e nwekwara ọtụtụ obere ọdọ mmiri ndị jikọtara na osimiri ahụ.Ọnụ osimiri ahụ dị nso na nhazi ọnọdụ ala 10°28′ S, 40°30′ E, ebe ókèala dị nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-agbaso ahịrị latituudu 10°40′ S.Ogologo Osimiri Ruvuma bụ ihe dịka maịl 500 (kilomita 800).
Àkwà mmiri
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A tụpụtara àkwà mmiri a na-akpọ Unity Bridge gafee osimiri dị n'etiti Mozambique na Tanzania na mbido afọ 1975, ọ bụ ezie na a malitere iwu ya, a gbahapụrụ ọrụ ahụ n'ihi enweghị ego. N'afọ 200, gọọmentị mba abụọ ahụ mere nkwekọrịta iwu àkwà mmiri ọhụrụ dị mita 600 gafee osimiri ahụ, emesịkwara meghee n'ememe na 25 Mee 2010. Àkwà mmiri ahụ dị na Negomano, 200 km (120 mi) n'ime ala na 100 mi) site n'okporo ụzọ dị nso na Mozambique. Ebe ahụ kwekọrịtara n'etiti ndị isi ala Machel na Nyerere n'ihi na bụ ebe mbụ ndị agha Frelimo banyere na Mozambique na Agha Nnwere Onwe Mozambik na 25 Septemba 1964. Negomano bụkwa ebe ndị agha Germany gafere osimiri Rovuma na 25 Nọvemba 1917. A tọrọ ntọala mbụ n'akụkụ Tanzania na Mozambique n'October 10, 2005. E wuchara ya na mbido afọ 2010 ma were US $ 28 nde. Ọ na-ekwe omume iji rafts (nke dị n'akụkụ Tanzania) gafee osimiri ahụ nke nwere ike iburu 3 jeps. Ụgbọ mmiri ahụ mikpuru n'afọ 2008 ma dochie ya. Na mmiri dị ala, osimiri ahụ nwere ike ịgafe mgbe ụfọdụ site na ezigbo ụgbọala nwere ụkwụ anọ.
E wuchara obere àkwà mmiri a na-akpọ Unity Two na 2007 n'elu Rovuma dị nso na Matchedge na Niassa Province.
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Nakayama (2003). International Waters in Southern Africa (in en). United Nations University Press. ISBN 978-92-808-1077-6.
- 1 2 Central East Coast. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Ceantral East Coast" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 M.R. (2012). "Evaluation of streamflow estimates for the Rovuma River". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 50-52: 14–23. DOI:10.1016/j.pce.2012.09.003.
Edensibịa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si].