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Osimiri Ruzizi

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Ruzizi (a na-edekwa mgbe ụfọdụ Rusizi, French; Rivière Ruzizi; Dutch: Ruzizi Rivier) bụ osimiri, kilomita 117 (mile 73) n'ogologo,[1] nke na-asọ site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu ruo Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika na Central Africa, na-agbada site na ihe dị ka mita 1,500 (ụkwụ 4,900) ruo ihe dị ka mita 770 (ụkwụ 2,530) n'elu oke osimiri n'ogologo ya.[2] Oke kachasị elu na-eme n'ime kilomita iri anọ mbụ (maịlụ iri abụọ na ise), ebe e wuru ihe mgbochi mmiri eletrik. N'akụkụ ala nke ọzọ, Rọzizi Plain, ala nke Western Rift Valley, nwere ugwu ndị dị nro, osimiri ahụ na-asọba n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika site na delta, otu ma ọ bụ obere ọwa abụọ na-ekewa site na ọwa isi.[2]

Ruzizi bụ osimiri dị obere, nke e wuru ihe dị ka afọ 10,000 gara aga mgbe ugwu mgbawa nke jikọtara ya na mgbawa kọntinent kere Ugwu Virunga. Ugwu ndị ahụ gbochiri ụzọ mbụ ọdọ mmiri Kivu si abanye na mmiri mmiri nke Naịl ma kama nke ahụ, ọ manyere ọdọ mmiri ahụ ka ọ jupụta n'ebe ndịda site na Ruzizi na ebe ọpụpụ mmiri nke Congo.

Ụzọ

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Osimiri Ruzizi na-asọba n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika

N'akụkụ mmiri ya dị n'elu, osimiri ahụ na-etolite akụkụ nke ókèala dị n'etiti Rwanda n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ.[2] N'ịga n'ihu n'ala ala, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ókèala dị n'etiti DRC na Burundi, ebe nsọtụ ya dị n'ime Burundi kpamkpam.[2][3] N'ọdịda anyanwụ, ugwu ndị dị n'ugwu Fizi dị elu karịa osimiri ahụ.[4] Àkwà mmiri Concord, nke bụ àkwà mmiri kachasị ogologo na Burundi, na-agafe osimiri ahụ nso ọnụ ya.[5] Tributaries nke Ruzizi River gụnyere Nyamagana, Muhira, Kaburantwa, Kagunuzi, Rubyiro na Ruhwa, na ndị ọzọ.[6]

Osimiri Ruzizi, nke na-asọba n'ebe ndịda n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika, bụ akụkụ nke mmiri dị n'elu nke Osimiri Congo. Ndị nchọpụta Britain nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu dịka Richard Francis Burton na John Hanning Speke, ndị na-amaghị ebe Ruzizi si aga, chere na ọ nwere ike ịsọda n'ebe ugwu site n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ gaa n'akụkụ Osimiri Naịl Ọcha. Nnyocha ha na nchọpụta ndị ọzọ nke David Livingstone na Henry Morton Stanley mere gosiri na ọ bụghị eziokwu. Ruzizi na-asọba n'ime ọdọ mmiri Tanganyika, nke na-asọba n'ime Osimiri Lukuga dị ihe dị ka kilomita 120 (mile 75) n'ebe ndịda nke Ujiji. Lukuga na-asọba n'ọdịda anyanwụ n'ime Osimiri Lualaba, otu nnukwu mmiri nke Congo.[7]

Ọdịdị ala

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Rifting, nke na-adọpụ nwayọọ nwayọọ nke efere tectonic, emepụtala usoro Rift nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka na ọtụtụ besịn na ọdọ mmiri ya. Sistemụ ahụ, n'ókè dị n'etiti efere Afrịka (Nubian Plate) na efere Somali, nwere alaka abụọ, ha abụọ na-eche ihu n'ebe ugwu-ndịda. Mkpọda n'alaka ọdịda anyanwụ, nke a na-akpọ Albertine Rift, malitere n'agbata afọ nde iri abụọ na ise na iri gara aga.[8] Osimiri Ruzizi dị n'akụkụ mkpọda ọdịda anyanwụ, nke gụnyere, site n'ebe ugwu ruo na ndịda, ọdọ mmiri Albert, George, Edward, Kivu, Tanganyika, Rukwa, Malawi, na ndị ọzọ.[8]

Mgbawa nke jikọtara ya na mgbawa ahụ gbanwere njikọ dị n'etiti mmiri dị n'ógbè ahụ.[8] Ihe dị ka afọ 13,000 ruo 9,000 gara aga, ihe mberede ugwu gbochiri ụzọ mbụ nke ọdọ mmiri Kivu si abanye na mmiri Naịl.[8] Ugwu mgbawa ahụ mere ka ugwu ndị ahụ pụta, gụnyere ugwu ndị dị n'etiti Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu na Ọdọ Mmiri Edward, n'ebe ugwu.[9] E wee manye mmiri si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu gaa n'ebe ndịda Ruzizi.[8] Nke a, n'aka nke ya, mere ka ọkwa ọdọ mmiri Tanganyika dị elu, nke jupụtara n'osimiri Lukga.[8] Mgbanwe dị iche iche n'ihe gbasara elu na ihu igwe emeela ka Ruzizi na Lukuga meghee ma mechie ọtụtụ ugboro kemgbe ahụ.[8]

Mmiri eletrik

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E wuru ọdụ ọkụ eletrik Ruzizi I n'ọnụ ụzọ mmiri Ruzizi si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu na 1958. E tinyere ọdụ ọkụ eletrik Ruzizi nke Abụọ n'afọ 1989. Ụlọ ọrụ atọ nke mba (Burundi, Rwanda na Democratic Republic of the Congo) nke Economic Community of the Great Lakes nwere na-arụ ọrụ Ruzizi I na II. Òtù a na-eme atụmatụ maka ime ọdọ mmiri abụọ ọzọ, Ruzizi nke Atọ na Ruzizi nke Anọ.[10]

Ruzizi nwere ike imepụta ihe dị ka megawatts 30 (MW) yana Ruzizi II ihe dịka 44 MW. A na-atụ anya na Ruzizi III, nke a ga-arụ n'okpuru abụọ ndị ọzọ, ga-enwe ike nke 145 MW mgbe ọ ga-arụ ọrụ n'ihe dị ka afọ 2027. Dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ Ruzizi nke Atọ, a ga-arụzigharị Ruzizi nke Mbụ na nke Abụọ. Ọ bụrụ na e mechaa wuo Ruzizi IV, a ga-etinye ya n'etiti Ruzizi II na Ruzizi III, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-arụ ọrụ karịa 200 MW. Na Jenụwarị 16, 2020, Ụlọ Akụ Mmepe Afrịka tinyere €8 nde maka enyemaka teknụzụ na ọrụ ọkụ eletrik Ruzizi IV.[11] A na-atụ anya na ọ ga-enye 287 MW nye Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda na Burundi.[11]

Anụmanụ na osisi

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A na-ahụkarị apịtị ahịhịa n'akụkụ isi ala nke osimiri ahụ na mmiri ndị dị n'akụkụ ya. N'akụkụ ọnụ ya, apịtị ndị dị n'akụkụ ọnụ ya ruru kilomita atọ (1.9 mi) obosara. A na-eme atụmatụ na oke ala apịtị dị na Burundi dị hekta 12,000 (eka 30,000) ebe ogologo ahịhịa dị iche iche site na mita 2 ruo 4 (6.6 ruo 13.1 ft), dabere na oke idei mmiri ahụ. Ndị bi ebe ahụ na-eji ahịhịa ndị ahụ eme ihe maka ịkụ ahịhịa na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime ụlọ. E wezụga osimiri ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ndagwurugwu dị n'okpuru osimiri ahụ nwere ahịhịa, nke ehi na-ata ahịhịa nke ukwuu.

Agụ iyi a na-akpọ Gustave, nke a na-akpọ agụ iyi na-eri mmadụ, na-agagharị n'akụkụ Osimiri Ruzizi na n'akụkụ ugwu nke Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika. A na-ekwu na Gustave, nke a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ dị ihe dị ka mita isii (ụkwụ iri abụọ) n'ogologo, ma dịkwa ihe dị ka kilogram narị itoolu (2,000 lb), gburu ma rie ọtụtụ mmadụ.[12] N'ihe nkiri ahụ nke na-egosi Gustave ("Capturing the Killer Croc"), onye na-akọ akụkọ ahụ kwuru na "N'afọ 1950, oke ehi, enyí na anụ ọhịa warthog bi n'ala ahụ; ma mmadụ kpochapụrụ ha nke nta nke nta. Naanị onye lanarịrịnụ n'etiti nnukwu anụmanụ bụ hippopotamus. Ha na agụ iyi nile, nọ n'udo nke na esighi ike , na-ebikọ ọnụ n'osimiri ahụ."

Hụkwa

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  • Àkwà mmiri Ruzizi nke Mbụ
  • Àkwà mmiri Ruzizi nke Abụọ

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Felton, Anna A. (2007). "Paleolimnological Evidence for the Onset and Termination of Glacial Aridity from Lake Tanganyika, Tropical East Africa". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 252 (3–4). doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.003.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Google Maps". Google Maps. 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  3. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2548: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  4. ↑ Doyle, Mark (25 November 2004). "Retracing Che Guevara's Congo Footsteps". BBC News. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  5. ↑ Murison, Katharine (ed.). Africa South of the Sahara (32nd ed.). Europa Publications. ISBN 978-1-85743-131-5.
  6. ↑ "Acme Mapper (terrain)". Acme Labs. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  7. ↑ Ondaatje, Christoper (1998). Journey to the Source of the Nile. Toronto: Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-200019-2.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Danley, Patrick D. (2012). "The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids". International Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2012: 1–20. doi:10.1155/2012/574851. PMID 22888465.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  9. ↑ Clark, J. D. (1969). Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1. London: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  10. ↑ "Sizing Up African Hydro". Water Power. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2013.[permanent dead link]
  11. 1 2 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2548: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  12. ↑ McRae, Michael. "Gustave the Croc Surfaces to Strike Again". National Geographic (February 2008). Retrieved 14 January 2013.

Njikọ mpụga

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