Palaungic
Asụsụ Palaungic ma ọ bụ Palaung-Wa bụ otu ìgwè nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ 30 nke Austroasiatic, na ndị ọkà mmụta ekwekọrịtaghị kpọmkwem asụsụ ndị ha ga-etinye na nkewa ahụ. A na-asụ ha n'akpa uwe dịgasị iche iche gafee mpaghara dị n'ime ala nke Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, nke dị n'etiti ókèala dị n'agbata Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, na China.
Ọganihu nke ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọtụtụ n'ime asụsụ Palaungic furu ụda olu dị iche nke mkpụrụokwu Austroasiatic ochie, nke na-agbanwekarị gaa na ụdaume ndị a. N'alaka Wa, a na-aghọta nke a dị ka ụda olu na-eku ume; na Palaung–Riang, dị ka usoro ụda olu abụọ. Asụsụ Angkuic nwere ụda contour — dịka ọmụmaatụ, asụsụ U nwere ụda anọ, elu, ala, ịrị elu, ịda, — mana ndị a sitere na ogologo ụdaume na ọdịdị nke mkpụrụokwu ikpeazụ, ọ bụghị site na olu nke mkpụrụokwu mbụ..
Obodo
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Paul Sidwell (2015) [1]
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Diffloth & Zide (1992)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ezinụlọ Palaungic gụnyere ma ọ dịkarịa ala alaka atọ, na ọnọdụ nke asụsụ ụfọdụ ka na-edochaghị anya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ekewa Lamet mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka alaka dị iche. Nkewa na-esonụ na-agbaso nke Diffloth & Zide (1992), dị ka e hotara na Sidwell (2009:131).
- Western Palaungic (Palaung-Riang) Palaung Shwe (Gold Palaung, De'ang) De'ang Pale (Silver Palaung, Ruching) Rumai Riang Riang n'onwe ya, Yinchia ? Danau (ma eleghị anya na Palaung-Riang)
- Eastern Palaungic Angku Hu[1] Kiorr Kon Keu Man Met Mok Samtao (Samtau) Tai Loi U (Pouma) Lametic Lamet (Xmet) Na Waic Blang Lawa La Lawa Wa Paraok (Standard Wa) Khalo Awa
Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-agụnye Asụsụ Mangic, kama ịhazi ha na Asụsụ Pakanic.
Sidwell (2010)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nkewa na-esonụ na-agbaso alaka nke Sidwell nyere (2010, ms). [3]
- Danau (Khano)
- Palaungic n'onwe ya Western (Riang-Palaung) Palaung (De'ang: Shwe / Gold Palaung, Pale / Ruching / Silver Palaung, Rumai) Riang (Riang, Yinchia) Angkuic Hu U (P'uman) Kiorr (Kha Kior, Con) Kon Keu (Angku) Mok (Man Met) Mong Lue (Tai Loi) Muak Saung-aak[1] Lamet (Xmet) Waic B (Sam) Lawa Umtao Bo Luang Wa Wa Wa Waq (Standard Awa) [2][3]
Sidwell (2014) [6] na-atụ aro alaka ọzọ, nke nwere:
Sidwell (2015)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Sidwell (2015:12) na-enye nhazi nke Palaungic. Bit-Khang bụ Palaungic n'ụzọ doro anya, mana o nwere ọtụtụ okwu Ndị Khmuik. Sidwell (2015:12) kwenyere na ọ ga-abụ na ọ na-agbakọta n'ime East Palaungic. N'aka nke ọzọ, Sidwell (2015) na-ewere Danaw dị ka asụsụ Palaungic kachasị dị iche.
- Danaw
- West Palaungic Palaung (Dara'ang, Da'ang, Palay, wdg) Rumai Riang (Riang-Lang, Riang-Sak, wdg.)
- East Palaungic Waic Wa (Praok, Awa, Vo, wdg) Lawa (Lawa Bo Luang, Lavua/Luwa, wdg.) Bulang (Bulang, Plang/Samtao, Kawa, Kontoi, wdg). Angkuic: U, Hu, Man Met/Kemie, Muak/Mok, Tai Loi, wdg. Lameet: Lameet, Con, Lua/Khamet ? Bit-Khang: (Kha) bit, Buxing, Quang Lam, Khang/Khao, Bumang
Ihe ọhụrụ e ji emepụta okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Diagnostic Palaungic lexical innovations dị ka Paul Sidwell (2021) chọpụtara bụ: [7]
| Nkọwa | Proto-Palaungic | Ebe Ọdịdị nke Austria |
|---|---|---|
| 'anya' | *Sizì: | *mat |
| 'ọkụ' | *ŋal | *ʔɔːs~*ʔuːs |
| 'ọchị' | *kəɲaːs |
Ihe owuwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si].mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:27em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:22.5em}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman]{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek]{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman]{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references{list-style-type:lower-roman}
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Sidwell (2015). The Palaungic Languages: Classification, Reconstruction and Comparative Lexicon (in en). München: Lincom Europa.
- ↑ Svantesson (1991). "Hu – A Language with Unorthodox Tonogenesis", in Davidson: Austroasiatic Languages: Essays in Honour of H. L. Shorto (in en). London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 67–80. ISBN 0-7286-0183-4. Retrieved on 2012-03-19.
- ↑ Sidwell (2010). Three Austroasiatic Branches and the ASJP (en). Archived from the original on 2011-06-11. (Fig. 23)
- ↑ Templeeti:Cite thesis
- ↑ Templeeti:Cite thesis
- ↑ Sidwell (2014). "Khmuic Classification and Homeland" (in en). Mon-Khmer Studies 43 (1): 47–56.
- ↑ Sidwell (2021). "Classification of MSEA Austroasiatic Languages", in Sidwell: The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia: A Comprehensive Guide (in en). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 179–206. DOI:10.1515/9783110558142-011.