Pas-ta'ai

Pas-ta'ai (Chinese), "Okpukpe Spirit of the Mfe", bụ aha Saisiyat, otu ndị Taiwanese. Omenala utu na-echeta Ọ Ta'ai, a ebo nke ndị nwere ọchịchịrị akpụkpọ ha na-ekwu na ha bi nso ha. Kwa afọ abụọ, enwere m olileanya na ị ga-ahụ m n'anya.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

A na-ekwu na emume Pas-ta'ai e mere kemgbe narị afọ anọ ma na-eme ya every year noge owuwe ihe ubi. Ndị nchọpụta na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọchịchị Japan mere nchọpụta mbụ na 1915 nke nyocha nke Customs of Barbarian Tribes. N'okpuru ọchịchị Japan, a na-emeghachi betara otu ugboro n'afọ abụọ. Dị ka onye hụrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Hu Tai-li, bụ onye si Ethnology ụlọ ọrụ nke Academia Sinica si kwuo, omenala anwụọla ruo n'ókè na ọ bụ nanị ndị okenye nke Saisiyat nwere ike ime ememe ahụ; Otú ọ dị, ihe karịrị afọ 20 gara aga, ọtụtụ ndị obodo Taiwan na ebe ndị ọzọ nwere mmasị eweghachiwo ọdịnala ahụ.[1] Emume Pas-ta'ai ka a họpụtara dị ka onye mmeri mba Taiwan nke 2009 na 2010. N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, ụfọdụ ndị agha ahụ enwewo mmetụta ọjọọ nke ememe ahụ, gụnyere akwụkwọ ozi na-ekwesịghị ekwesị site na ngalaba gọọmentị, mgbasa ozi na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, omume na-ezighị ezi nke ndị njem nleta, na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na-ekwesịghị ekwesị..

Akụkọ ifo

There are slightly different versions of the myth surrounding the ritual. According to one legend of the Saisiyat, the short people, who were dark-skinned, less than a meter high and lived on the other side of the river, excelled in singing and dancing and were invited to the harvest festivals of the Saisiyat, engaging in a long-standing mutually beneficial relationship. The short people, however, were lascivious and often made advances towards the Saisiyat women. One day, some young Saisiyat decided to take revenge because of this disrespectful act. They cut the sturdy tree on which the short people rested. All the short people, except for two elders, fell from the cliff and died. These two surviving elders taught the Saisiyat the songs and dances of the Pas-ta'ai ritual and then left for the east. Shortly afterwards, the Saisiyat suffered from famine, which they attributed to the vengeful pygmy spirits. In order to appease the spirits, the Saisiyat began to hold the Pas-ta'ai and beg for forgiveness. In addition, the Saisiyat were to be hardworking, fair, honest, and tolerant in dealing with others.^[1]

Na nsụgharị ọzọ, ndị okenye abụọ nke ndị dị mkpụmkpụ ahụ bụrụ Saisiyat ọnụ, onye rịọrọ mgbaghara. Ndị okenye kwere ka nke a mee ma ọ bụrụhaala na ndị Saisiyat na-agba egwú nke ndị dị mkpụmkpụ iji mee ka mmụọ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ dị jụụ, ma ọ bụghị ya, ihe ọkụkụ nke Saisiyat ga-ada ma kpọnwụọ.^[2]

Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie si kwuo, ndị ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ nwere nkà anwansi ma weta ihu ọma na Saisiyat ma ọ bụrụ na e mesoo ha nke ọma ma ọ bụ mesoo ha ihe nke ọma.^[1]

Ememe

Ememe bụ ọrụ ezinụlọ Saisiyat Titiyon. The emume nke Shiangtian Lake, Donghe Village, Nanzhuang Township (ìgwè emume ûda) na Tai Village, Wufeng Township (otu emume ugwu). N’ụbọchị atọ mbụ nke abalị, n’ọnwa zuru ezu nke ọnwa Ọktoba (October), bụ oge mbụ n’afọ. Ememe ỉwda na-ewere ọnọdụ otu dị tupu ibe ya nke ugwu, ha ạo ạo Ṅo ọo ọoụ. Otu ọnwa ma ọ bụ ọnwa abụọ tupu ememme ahụ, ìgwè nke ememme abụọ ahụ ga-ezite ndị nnọchiteanya ha ka ha kpebie ụbọchị kwesịrị ekwesị iji mee ememe ahụ. Mma ntọn̄ọ ndiben̄e idem ndikwọ ikwọ nnọ usọrọ, nnyụn̄ ndọhọ mbon en̄wen ẹditiene mi. Omenala, egwu Pas-ta'ai na-agbagwojuru anya, nke mejupụtara raraol (na-anabata ngomo), kisirinaolan (na-oội ngomo), kisitomal (na-ọọ Ồ Ọ Ọgọ), papatnawasak (na-ọọ ồ Ọồng) na papaosa (na-ezi Ọgọ). Nzọụkwụ na-esote bụ "ememme mgbe emechara," nke na-eweta ememe ikpeazụ.^[1]

A na-eji ejiji omenala nwere ihe ịchọ mma nke mgbọrịgba (nke jikọtara ụwa) iji mee ka ahụ dị gị mma. Eji m ọlaọcha Ahihiḥa chebe m ma chebe m pụọ n'ihe ọjọọ. Mu e-me-kwa-ra nche-kwa-ra omenala nke ẹbo ma wepụ emume; Omenala Saisiyat nke ndị na-eme omume ọjọọ na mmemme a ga-ata ahụhụ maka omume ọjọọ ha.^[2]

Mmalite ya

Nkọwa nke ndị obere dị ka ndị na-acha oji dị ka pygmy emeela ka echiche nke njikọ dị n'etiti Negritos nke Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. Enweghị nkwenye ndị ọkà mmụta dị ugbu a na ndị nta bụ ndị tupu Austronesia ma ọlị. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta banyere mmadụ na-atụ aro na ndị a nwere ike ịbụ Proto-Australoids bụ ndị nwere ike si Africa bịa wee malite South Dispersal 60,000 afọ gara aga.[1] Ndị Tsou, Bunun, na Paiwan nke Taiwan (na ndị ọzọ) nwekwara ọdịnala ọnụ nke ịdị adị nke obere pygmy-dị ka ndị nwere àgwà anthropometric yiri Negritos, ikekwe na-atụ aro ọnụnọ Negritos na Taiwan dum, ma ọ bụghị Austronesian, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla. Ọmụmụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke afọ 2019 tụnyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke Negritos nke Philippines na nke ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala Taiwanese. "B4b1a2 miri emi nke Philippine Negritos, Saisiyat, Atayal, Island Southeast Asia, nke SEA (Southeast Asia) tụrụ aro na ndị nna nna m gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na Taiwan, ọ bụ ezie na haplogroup D6 nke Negritos nke N'etiti - N'etiti-Neọọn n'etiti - Agha N'etiti.^[3]

Onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ mmadụ Gregory Forth na-atụ aro na otu mmalite dị n'etiti ọdịnala Taiwanese na akụkọ Malayo-Polynesian yiri nke obere mmadụ.^[4]

Echiche ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na "Ndị Obere" nwere ike ịbụ ndị ohu Afrịka nke ndị ahịa Europe wetara n'afọ 1600. Akwụkwọ ozi ndị ahịa Dutch zitere na-eleta Taiwan n'afọ 1600 kwuru na e nwere "ndị dị mkpirikpi" n'àgwàetiti ahụ.^[2]

Hụkwa

Korpokkur
Menehune
Little people (mythology)
Dwarves
Fairies

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

Xiuche Lin (2000). Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Aborigine nke Taiwan: The Saisiyat. Obodo Nantou: Kọmitii ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Taiwan Province.
Yuan-Yi Huang (2008). Mgbe "Ta'ay" zutere "Ndị nta akụkọ": Nnyocha nke njem nleta na akụkọ Pas-ta'ai. Master's Thesis, Graduate Institute of Journalism, National Taiwan University.
Kọmitii Nkwurịta Okwu na Nnyocha nke Taiwan Old Customs, Ọfịs nke Gọvanọ-Jenal nke Taiwan. A sụgharịrị ya site na Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica (1998). Nnyocha nke omenala nke agbụrụ ndị Barbarian, Mpịakọta nke Atọ, The Saisiyat. Taipei: Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica.
Bin-Xiong Liu na Tai-Li Hu (1987). Nnyocha nke emume ọdịnala, abụ na ịgba egwú nke ndị Aborigine nke Taiwan. Nantou County: Ngalaba Ndebanye aha Ezinụlọ, Gọọmentị nke Taiwan Province.

Ihe odide

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 A Past that Has Witnessed Gratitude and Resentment: The Legend of the Pas-ta'ai. culture.teldap.tw. Retrieved on 2019-04-29. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "teldap1" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Gluck. "Taiwan aborigines keep rituals alive", BBC News, 7 December 2006. Retrieved on 5 October 2020.Gluck, Caroline (7 December 2006). "Taiwan aborigines keep rituals alive". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 2019-11-03. Retrieved 5 October 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "bbc" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Lan-Rong Chen (October 2019). "Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms of the Saisiyat Indigenous Group of Taiwan, Search for a Negrito Signature". Edelweiss Journal of Biomedical Research and Review. Retrieved on 6 October 2020.
↑ Forth (Jan 26, 2009). Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7103-1354-6. Retrieved on 6 October 2020.

[teldap1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 A Past that Has Witnessed Gratitude and Resentment: The Legend of the Pas-ta'ai. culture.teldap.tw. Retrieved on 2019-04-29. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "teldap1" defined multiple times with different content

[bbc-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Gluck. "Taiwan aborigines keep rituals alive", BBC News, 7 December 2006. Retrieved on 5 October 2020.Gluck, Caroline (7 December 2006). "Taiwan aborigines keep rituals alive". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 2019-11-03. Retrieved 5 October 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "bbc" defined multiple times with different content

[edelweiss-3] Lan-Rong Chen (October 2019). "Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms of the Saisiyat Indigenous Group of Taiwan, Search for a Negrito Signature". Edelweiss Journal of Biomedical Research and Review. Retrieved on 6 October 2020.

[4] Forth (Jan 26, 2009). Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7103-1354-6. Retrieved on 6 October 2020.

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