Pauline Nyiramasuhuko
Pauline Nyiramasuhuko (amụrụ 1 Eprel 1946) bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Rwanda bụ onye minista na-ahụ maka ọdịmma ezi-na-ụlọ na ọganiru ụmụ nwanyị. A mara ya ikpe na ọ kpalitere ndị agha na ndị agha ime mmeko nwoke n'oge mgbukpọ agbụrụ Rwandan nke 1994. A nwara ya maka igbuchapụ agbụrụ na ịkpali idina mmadụ n'ike dịka akụkụ nke "Butare Group" na International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) na Arusha, Tanzania. Na June 2011, a mara ya ikpe maka ebubo asaa ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ ndụ. Nyiramasuhuko bụ nwanyị mbụ ndị ICTR mara ikpe igbuchapụ agbụrụ,[2][3] na nwanyị mbụ a mara ikpe maka idina mmadụ n'ike n'ike..[1]
Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Pauline Nyiramasuhuko n'obere obodo ndị ọrụ ugbo dị na Ndora, na mpaghara Butare, site na ezinụlọ ndị Hutu dara ogbenye.[1][2] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Ecole sociale de Karubanda.[3] N'ebe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ enyi Agathe Habyarimana, nwunye n'ọdịnihu nke Juvénal Habyarimana, onye ghọrọ President nke Rwanda na 1973.
Nyiramasuhuko zụrụ ma rụọ ọrụ dịka onye ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ.[1] Na 1968 ọ lụrụ Maurice Ntahobali, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ anọ.[2][1] Otu n'ime ụmụ ha, Arsène Shalom Ntahobali, ga-emecha mara ndị ICTR ikpe maka itinye aka na mgbukpọ ahụ.[3] Nyiramasuhuko rụrụ ọrụ na Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke gọọmentị, na-akụziri ụmụ nwanyị gbasara ahụike na nlekọta ụmụaka.[2] Na 1986, ọ gara National University of Rwanda iji mụọ iwu.[1] Ọ bụ onye minista na-ahụ maka ọdịmma ezinụlọ na ọganihu ụmụ nwanyị na ọchịchị Habyarimana site na 1992.
Ihe mere mwakpo ahụ ji malite
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Rwanda malitere na 7 Eprel 1994, ozugbo e gburu Habyarimana. E zigara Ndị Hutu ji ngwá agha n'ime ime obodo niile. Ha guzobere ebe nyocha iji kpochapụ Ndị Tutsi na-agba ọsọ n'etiti ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ na-apụ. A wakporo ndị Hutu jụrụ isonye na mgbukpọ agbụrụ ahụ. [2] [3][4] N'abalị, ndị bi na Butare na-ele ọkụ ọkụ site na ugwu ndị dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ma nwee ike ịnụ ụda égbè site n'obodo ndị dị nso. Mgbe ndị Hutu ji ngwá agha gbakọtara na nsọtụ Butare, ụmụ amaala Butare chebere ókèala ya.[5]
N'ịzaghachi nnupụisi ahụ, gọọmentị etiti nke Rwanda zigara Pauline Nyiramasuhuko site na Kigali, isi obodo, ka ọ tinye aka n'obodo ya bụ Butare. O nyere Gọvanọ Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana iwu ka ọ hazie ogbugbu ahụ. Mgbe ọ jụrụ, e gburu ya, Nyiramasuhuko kpọkwara ndị agha site na Kigali.[6]
N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1994, ọtụtụ puku ndị Tutsi gbakọtara n'ámá egwuregwu ebe Red Cross na-enye nri na ebe obibi. A na-ekwu na Nyiramasuhuko haziri ọnyà n'ámá egwuregwu ahụ. Òtù ndị agha Hutu Interahamwe, nke Arsène Shalom Ntahobali, nwa Pauline dị afọ iri abụọ na anọ, duziri, gbara ámá egwuregwu ahụ gburugburu. A dinara ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ n'ike, mekpọọ ha ọnụ, gbuo ha, ma kpọọ ozu ha ọkụ. Nyiramasuhuko kwuru na ọ gwara ndị agha, "tupu i gbuo ụmụ nwanyị ahụ, ọ dị mkpa idina ha n'ike". N'ihe omume ọzọ, o nyere ndị ikom ya iwu ka ha were ite mmanụ ụgbọala n'ụgbọala ya ma jiri ha gbaa otu ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị ọkụ ruo ọnwụ, na-ahapụ onye e dinara n'ike dị ka onye akaebe.[5]
Ọ hapụrụ Rwanda na 1994 mgbe Mgbukpọ Mgbukọrịta ahụ gasịrị wee gaa Zaire . E jidere ya na 1997 na Nairobi, Kenya, ya na nwa ya nwoke, Arsène Shalom Ntahobali, onye bụbu praịm minista Jean Kambanda, na ndị ọzọ asatọ. Nwa ya nwoke anọwo na-elekọta ụlọ ahịa nri na Nairobi. Nwunye di ya, Beatrice Munyenyezi, jiri aghụghọ nweta ebe mgbaba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na America n'afọ sochirinụ. A mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na US n'afọ 2013 maka ịgha ụgha ya gbasara ịgọnahụ itinye aka na mgbukpọ agbụrụ.
Ikpe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]E kpere Nyiramasuhuko ikpe na International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) site na 2001 ruo 2011. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ ụlọ ikpe mba ụwa kpere ikpe. E boro ya ebubo n'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1999, maka ebubo nke ịkpa nkata igbuchapụ agbụrụ, igbuchapụ agbụọ, itinye aka na igbuchapụ agb'etiti ndị mmadụ, ịkpali ndị mmadụ ime Mgbukpọ agbụrụ, mpụ megide mmadụ, na mmebi nke Akụkụ nke 3 nke a na-ahụkarị na Geneva Conventions na usoro 3 ọzọ. Ọ rịọrọ na ikpe amaghị ya maka ebubo niile. Nyiramasuhuko guzoro ikpe n'ihu Trial Chamber II ya na mmadụ ise ndị ọzọ dị ka akụkụ nke "Butare Trial" nke, na mbido ya na 2001, gụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ndị a ga-ebo ebubo ka a ga-ekpe ikpe n'otu n'ihe gbasara Mgbukpọ nke Rwanda. Nwa ya nwoke, Arsène Shalom Ntahobali, bụ otu n'ime ndị a na-ebo ebubo ma bo ya ebubo na ọ duziri ndị agha Interahamwe. A nụrụ arụmụka mmechi maka ikpe Butare na 1 Mee 2009. Dị ka onye ọkàiwu Holo Makwaia si kwuo, Nyiramasuhuko bu n'obi "ibibi agbụrụ ndị Tutsi na Butare n'ozuzu ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ".
Na 24 June 2011, a mara Nyiramasuhuko ikpe maka ebubo asaa gụnyere mgbukpọ na ịkpali idina mmadụ n'ike;[1] a mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ndụ na ọ gaghị eru eru itinye akwụkwọ maka mgbaghara maka afọ 25.[2]. A tọhapụrụ ya ebubo atọ ọzọ.[1] Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọikpe ndị Rwanda mara ụmụnwaanyị ndị ọzọ ikpe maka igbuchapụ agbụrụ, Nyiramasuhuko bụ nwanyị mbụ ICTR mara ikpe.[3] A marakwa nwa ya nwoke ikpe ma maa ya ikpe ndụ n'enweghị ohere ịgbahapụ; Ndị ọrụ anọ ndị ọzọ na-ekpe ikpe nwetara mkpọrọ afọ 25.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndepụta nke ndị e boro ebubo na International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Edemsibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Fielding (2012). Female Génocidaires: What was the Nature and Motivations for Hutu Female. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3656324409.
- ↑ Polgreen. "Rwandan Officer Found Guilty of 1994 Genocide", The New York Times, 18 December 2008. Retrieved on 19 December 2008.
- ↑ Chhatbar. "Planner of Rwandan massacres convicted of genocide", Daily News, 18 December 2008. Retrieved on 22 December 2017.
- ↑ Nyakuiru. "Rwanda's Bagosora sentenced to life for genocide", 18 December 2008. Retrieved on 19 December 2008.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Landesman (15 September 1992). A Woman's Work. The New York Times Magazine. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "TNYT Work" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Profile: Female Rwandan killer Pauline Nyiramasuhuko; Africa", BBC, 24 June 2011.