Pite Sámi
| Pite Sámi Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Sweden | |
| Region: | Pite River | |
| Total speakers: | 25 to 50 | |
| Language family: | Turalt Sámi Western Central Lule–Pite Pite SámiTempleeti:Infobox Language/script | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | sje | |
| File:Pite-SamiLanguageLocatorMap.svg | ||
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Pite Sámi or Arjeplog Sámi (Pite Sami: Bidumsámegiella, Swedish: Pitesamiska, Norwegian: Pitesamisk) is a Sámi language traditionally spoken in Sweden and Norway. It is a critically endangered language[1]nke nwere naanị ihe dị ka mmadụ 25–50 ndị na-asụ asụsụ obodo fọdụrụ, a na-asụkwa ya ugbu a naanị n'akụkụ Sweden nke ókèala ya n'akụkụ Osimiri Pite n'ebe ugwu Arjeplog na Arvidsjaur nakwa n'ógbè ugwu nke obodo Arjeplog.
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Pite Sámi bụ akụkụ nke otu Western Sámi, ya na Southern Sámi na Ume Sámi n'ebe ndịda, Lule Sámi na Northern Sámi n'ebe ugwu. N'ime ndị a, Pite Sámi na Lule Sámi nwere mmekọrịta kacha nso, mana ọtụtụ ihe na-egosikwa na ha yiri Ume na Southern Sámi.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nchịkọta ụdaume Pite Sámi yiri nke a hụrụ na Lule Sámi dị nso, mana enweghị ụda olu dị iche iche nke nkwụsị na affricates kpamkpam.
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Ezé ezé | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive / Africate | p | t | t͡s | t͡ʃ | k | |
| Ihe na-esiri ike | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | h | |
| voiced | v | (nke a na-akpọ) | ||||
| Ọkara ụdaolu | j | |||||
| N'akụkụ | l | |||||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | r | |||||
- A na-achọpụta nkwụsịtụ tupu homorganic nasal (ụgbọ nkwụsịtụ) dị ka nkwụsịtụ a na-ewepụtaghị.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. na-aghọta dị ka fricative labiodental Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. na mmalite nke mkpụrụedemede (tupu ụdaume), na dị ka bilabial Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. na mkpụrụedemede coda (n'ime ụyọkọ ụdaume).
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. dị naanị n'asụsụ nke ụfọdụ ndị agadi na-asụ. A na-eji Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. ma ọ bụ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. dochie ya, dabere na olumba.
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nchịkọta ụdaume Pite Sámi nwere obere ụdaume, ma e jiri ya tụnyere asụsụ Sámi ndị ọzọ na ọkachasị Lule Sámi dị nso. Kama nke ahụ, enwere ọdịiche dị n'ogo ụdaume.
| Monophthongs | Diphthongs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
| N'akụkụ | i | u | (ya bụ) | (uo̯) |
| N'etiti etiti | e | o | uæ̯ | uɑ̯ |
| N'etiti oghere | ɛ | Ọ bụ n'afọ ka a na-akpọ ɔː | ||
| Emeghe | a aː | |||
- A na-ahụ ụdaume /i/ na /u/ dị ka laxer [ɪ] na [ʊ] n'otu n'otu, n'ọnọdụ a na-emetụtaghị.
- /e/ na /o/ dị nso na [ie̯] na [uo̯] n'otu n'otu, mgbe a na-ekwusi ike. [na-ese okwu - na-atụle] [<span title="This claim has reliable sources with contradicting facts (August 2019)">disputed</span> – discuss]
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. dị iche na Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ abụọ dị ka roft Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. "ịbịa" vs roftjet Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. anaghị apụta na mkpụrụedemede na-enweghị nrụgide.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. nwere ike ịpụta na mkpụrụedemede a na-ejighị n'aka, mana ọ bụ naanị mgbe mkpụrụedemede e ji n'aka bu ya ụzọ nwere Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found..
- Asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu: Luokta-Mávas na Sweden
- Asụsụ ndị dị n'etiti: Semisjaur-Njarg na Sweden
- Asụsụ ndịda: Svaipa na Sweden
Akụkụ nke olumba ndị dị n'ebe ugwu bụ:
- Enweghị Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. → Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. umlaut.
- Ikwu okwu n'ọtụtụ 3 nke nkwụsịtụ dị mfe (ya mere siri ike Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. ~ adịghị ike Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. wdg), dịka na Lule Sámi.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. dị ka nsonaazụ nke Proto-Samic *đ.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found. dị ka nsonaazụ nke Proto-Samic *đ. -->
Orthography
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ruo ogologo oge, Pite Sámi bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Sámi anọ na-enweghị asụsụ edere ede. Òtù Sámi nke Arjeplog mepụtara orthography na-arụ ọrụ na 2008-2011; Joshua Wilbur kọwara nsụgharị a ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Pitesamisk ordbok samt stavningsregler, nke e bipụtara na 2016. N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2019, a kwadoro orthography nke asụsụ ahụ.[2][3] orthography yiri nnọọ orthograph nke agbata obi Lule Sámi.
| Akwụkwọ ozi | Nkwupụta[3] | Ihe edeturu |
|---|---|---|
| A a | [ɑ] | |
| Á á | [ɑː] | |
| B b | [p] | |
| D d | [t] | |
| Đ đ | [ð] | |
| E na | [eː], [ɪe̯], [e] | |
| F f | [f] | |
| G g | [k] | |
| H h | [h] | |
| I m | [ɪ] | |
| J j | [j] | |
| K k | [k], , [kʰ] | Postaspirated na mmalite nke mkpụrụedemede a na-ekwusi ike. |
| L | [l] | |
| M m | [m] | |
| N n | [n] | |
| Ŋ ŋ | [ŋ] | |
| O o | [oː], [ʊɒ̯][ʊɒ̝̯] | |
| P p | [p], , [pʰ] | Postaspirated na mmalite nke mkpụrụedemede a na-ekwusi ike. |
| R r | [r] | |
| S | [s] | |
| T t | [t], , [tʰ] | Postaspirated na mmalite nke mkpụrụedemede a na-ekwusi ike. |
| Ahịa | [θ] | |
| U u | [ʊ], [ʊː] | |
| V v | [ʋ] | |
| Ọ bụ na | [Anyaahụ], [Anya ahụ][ɒ̝ː] | |
| Ọ bụ n'oge ochie | [æː] |
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Digraph | Nkwupụta[3] | Ihe edeturu |
|---|---|---|
| ie | [ɪe̯] | |
| ua | [ʊɑ̯] | |
| Ọdịdị | [ʊɒ̝̑] | |
| uä | [ʊæ̯] |
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ikpe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Pite Sámi nwere ikpe itoolu:
- Aha
- Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa
- Ebubo
- Enweghị mmasị
- Isi agwaetiti
- Ịkụziri ndị mmadụ ihe
- Nkwado
- Ọdịiche
- Onye na-ekwu okwu ọjọọ
Ngwaa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Onye
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]ngwaa Sámi na-ejikọta maka mmadụ atọ:
- Onye mbụ
- onye nke abụọ
- onye nke atọ
Pite Sámi nwere ọnọdụ ụtọ asụsụ ise:
- ihe ngosi
- ihe dị mkpa
- ọnọdụ
- ikike
- nhọrọ
Nọmba ụtọ asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]ngwaa Sámi na-ejikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ atọ:
- otu
- abụọ
- ọtụtụ
Oge a na-akpọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]ngwaa Sámi na-ejikọta maka oge abụọ dị mfe:
- n'oge gara aga
- ndị na-abụghị ndị gara aga
- Ugbu a zuru oke
- Ihe zuru oke
Ngwaa na-adịghị mma
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Pite Sámi, dị ka Finnish, asụsụ Sámi ndị ọzọ na Estonian, nwere ngwaa na-adịghị mma. Na Pite Sámi, ngwaa na-adịghị mma na-ejikọta dịka ọnọdụ (ihe na-egosi, ihe dị mkpa na ihe na-nhọrọ), onye (1st, 2nd na 3rd) na ọnụ ọgụgụ (otu, abụọ na ọtụtụ). Nke a dị iche na ụfọdụ n'ime asụsụ Sámi ndị ọzọ, dịka Northern Sámi, nke na-adịghị ejikọta dịka oge na asụsụ Sámi ọzọ, nke na'ejighị optative.
| Ihe ngosi na-abụghị nke gara aga | Ihe ngosi gara aga | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Otu | Abụọ | Ọtụtụ | Otu | Abụọ | Ọtụtụ | ||
| Onye nke mbụ | nke anọ | yen | N'ihi ya, | 1 | ittjiv | iejmen, ittjijmen | iejmeh, ittjijmeh |
| Onye nke abụọ | ih | Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ, ị chọrọ, | Iehpit, ihpit | 2 | ittjih | iejten, ittjijten | I.E.T.E. |
| Onye nke atọ | ij | N'ihi ya, | ieh | 3 | ittjij | Ijkán, ittjijka | ittjin |
Maka nsụgharị na-abụghị nke gara aga nke nwere ihe karịrị otu ụdị, nke abụọ sitere na olumba a na-asụ gburugburu Björkfjället na nke atọ sitere na olulu Svaipa. Ọtụtụ n'ụdị ndị ọzọ bụ n'ihi ụdị ndị yiri ibe ha nke asụsụ na-ejikọtaghị.
| Otu | Abụọ | Ọtụtụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ihe Dị Mkpa | |||
| Onye nke abụọ | ieleh | Iellen | N'elu |
| Nhọrọ | |||
| Onye nke mbụ | alluv | Iellun, allun | Iellup, allup |
| Onye nke abụọ | alluh | ielluten, alluten | Ielluteh, alluteh |
| Onye nke atọ | allus | ielluska, alluska | Ielluseh, alluseh |
Ebe e si nweta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọtụtụ (re) isi mmalite dị na nnukwu nchịkọta nke ihe okwu Pite Sámi, gụnyere ụtọ asụsụ na (morpho) ozi phonological n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Ndị a gụnyere:
- Ignácz Halász bipụtara nchịkọta nke Pite Sámi lexical items na 1896 na nsụgharị Hungarian na German n'akwụkwọ Pite lappmarki szótár és гражданtan . A na-ede okwu Sámi na-eji ụdị ọkọlọtọ UPA.
- Eliel Lagercrantz bipụtara nchịkọta mpịakọta abụọ nke ihe ndị Sámi na 1939 nke akpọrọ Lappischer Wortschatz na nsụgharị German. Ọtụtụ n'ime ntinye gụnyere ụdị Pite Sámi, nke a na-eji mkpirisi Arj (maka Arjeplog, dịka a na-akpọkarị Pite Sáami "Arjeplog Sámi" ). A na-ede okwu Sámi na-eji ụdị ọkọlọtọ UPA.
- Just Knud Qvigstad mepụtara ndepụta okwu nke okwu Pite Sámi na Lappisk ordliste ya: Arjeplog-dialekt (Beiarn-Saltdal-Rana). Ihe odide a e ji aka dee sitere na 1928 ma enwere ike ịchọta ya na Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Norwegian National Library
- A na-echekwa nchịkọta Israel Ruong nke kaadị ederede aka na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ihe ndị Pite Sámi lexical na Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore na Uppsala.
- Ọ bụ ezie na ebughị n'uche dị ka nchịkọta okwu, akwụkwọ edemede Israel Ruong nke 1943 Lappische Verbalableitung dargestellt auf Grundlage des Pitelappischen bụ n'ezie isi iyi bara ọgaranya nke ngwaa ndị sitere na ya. A na-egosi ihe ndị a n'ụdị UPA dị mfe na nkọwa na nsụgharị na German.
- Arjeplog sameförening (òtù Arjeplog Sámi) rụrụ ọrụ a na-akpọ Insamling av pitesamiska ord (Nchịkọta okwu Pite Sámi) n'etiti afọ 2008 na 2012, nke edere na nsụgharị mbido nke orthography dị ugbu a. Ndepụta okwu a gụnyere nsụgharị n'asụsụ Swedish na Norwegian. [4]
- E bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Pite Sámi na usoro iwu orthographic na 2016 dị ka Pitesamisk ordbok samst stavningsregler na usoro akwụkwọ Samica. Nchịkọta a dabere na ndepụta okwu nke Arjeplogs sameförening mepụtara (cf. ihe gara aga), mana yana nhazi dị mkpa na mgbakwunye na-ekpuchi ozi ụtọ asụsụ na phonological site na onye nchịkọta akụkọ (J. Wilbur). Ọ na-agụnye nsụgharị n'asụsụ Swedish na Bekee, ma jiri nsụgharị mbido nke orthography dị ugbu a. Enwere ike ịchọta ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nwere iwu orthographic ndị a na Pitesamiska stavningsregler.
- Enwere ike ịchọta nchekwa data lexical n'ịntanetị na Bidámeums Báhkogirrje. Ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ J. Wilbur (na mmekorita ya na O. Utne na P. Steggo), na-emelite ya mgbe niile, na-edozi ya ma na-edezi ya, ọkachasị na-enyocha nkwekọrịta na ịgbaso usoro orthography; a na-agbakwunye lexemes na-efu efu mgbe niile. [3][5]
- Enwere ike ịchọta nchekwa data lexical a na-achọgharị na-agụnye usoro ntụgharị ntụgharị na-akpaghị aka maka nnukwu akụkụ nke ihe lexical na Bidumsame Báhkogirrje (cf. ihe gara aga) na Nähttadigibáhko, nke Giellatekno kwadoro na Mahadum Tromsø, yana mmepe nke ngwaọrụ teknụzụ asụsụ maka Pite Sámi site na J. Wilbur. Nke a na-eji orthography ọkọlọtọ. [3]
- Ngwa ekwentị mkpanaaka a na-akpọ BidumBágo (maka usoro gam akporo) na-emepe site na Olve Utne na Norwegian Institute of Local History na National Library of Norway (na mmekorita ya na P. Steggo na J. Wilbur). Ọ nwere ugbu a ihe karịrị 7500 isi ntinye, gụnyere ntinye aka na isi mmalite ochie, ọtụtụ aha ebe, na nsụgharị n'asụsụ Norwegian, Swedish, German na Bekee. Nke a na-eji ọkọlọtọ orthography ma nwee ike ibudata ya site na otu Facebook BidumBágo ma ọ bụ saịtị akụkọ Pite Sámi na ebe ihe ọmụma Sallto.no.[3]
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ UNESCO - Accueil patrimoine immatériel (fr). ich.unesco.org. Retrieved on 2023-05-24.
- ↑ Sunna (19 August 2019). Nu har pitesamiskan eget skriftspråk (sv). Sveriges radio. Sameradion & SVT Sápmi. Retrieved on 19 August 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pitesamisk ortografi: beslut om pitesamisk ortografi (sv). Sámi Giellagáldu (20 August 2019). Retrieved on 21 August 2019."Pitesamisk ortografi: beslut om pitesamisk ortografi" [Pite Saami orthography : resolution on the Pite Saami orthography] (PDF) (in Swedish). Sámi Giellagáldu. 20 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Insamling av pitesamiska ord. Interregnord. Archived from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved on 2019-10-12.)
- ↑ Wilbur. Bidumsáme Báhkogirrje credits. Bidumsáme Báhkogirrje. Retrieved on 2019-10-12.
Edemsibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Halász (1896). Pite lappmarki szótár és nyelvtan, Svéd-Lapp Nyelv. Budapest: Magyar tudományos akadémia.
- Lagercrantz (1926). Sprachlehre des Westlappischen nach der Mundart von Arjeplog, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
- Lagercrantz (1939). Lappischer Wortschatz I-II, Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
- Lehtiranta (1992). Arjeploginsaamen äänne- ja taivutusopin pääpiirteet, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. ISBN 951-9403-55-8.
- Pite Saami Documentation Project. www2.hu-berlin.de/psdp. 2009.05.03.
- Pite Saami Documentation Project. Pite Saami Documentation Project. Retrieved on 2019-10-12.
- Qvigstad (c. 1926). Lappisk ordliste : Arjeplog-dialekt (Beiarn–Saltdal–Rana). Retrieved on 2019-10-12.
- Ruong (1943). Lappische Verbalableitung dargestellt auf Grundlage des Pitelappischen. Uppsala: Almqvist och Wiksell.
- Wilbur (2014). A Grammar of Pite Sami, Studies in Diversity Linguistics. Berlin: Language Science Press. ISBN 978-3-944675-47-3. Retrieved on 2014-10-10.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Stavningsregler" In: Pitesamisk ordbok samt stavningsregler (=Samica 2), ed. nke Joshua Wilbur dere. Freiburg: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. peeji nke 123-197
- (2016) in Wilbur: Pitesamisk ordbok samt stavningsregler, Samica. Freiburg: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. ISBN 978-3-9816835-1-6.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Pite Saami Documentation Project. University of Freiburg. Retrieved on 2019-10-14.
- Pite Saami. The Nuances of Reindeer. Last Whispers. Archived from the original on 2016-10-25. Retrieved on 2019-10-14.
- Sállto.no : åđđåsa ja diedo bidumsámen. Sallto.no. Retrieved on 2024-03-05.
Templeeti:Languages of SwedenTempleeti:Uralic languagesTempleeti:Sámi journalism