Pnar
| Pnar Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found.Templeeti:Infobox Language/pronunciation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | India, Bangladesh | |
| Total speakers: | 395,124 | |
| Language family: | Tustrusyawit Khasi-Palaungic Khasic Khasi-Pnar-Lyngngam Pnar | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | pbv | |
| File:Pnar.language.map.png | ||
Pnar (Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found.), nke a makwaara dị ka Jaiñtia [1] bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic a na-asụ na India na Bangladesh.
Ebe a na-ekesa ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dịka asụsụ Khasic, Pnar bụ nke otu asụsụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyere ụdị dị iche iche nke ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-arụrịta ụka banyere ya. Maapụ asụsụ Meghalaya nke Anna Daladier mere na-egosi ebe abụọ bụ isi na-asụ Pnar nke e kewara site na obere mpaghara Khasi na mpaghara ndị na-asụ Agha. N'otu aka ahụ, mpaghara Pnar abụọ ahụ gụnyere ọtụtụ mpaghara East Jaintia Hills, West Jaintia Hills na West Khasi Hills..[2]
Map nke Hiram Ring mepụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya maka akwụkwọ ntuziaka asụsụ Khasic nke Paul Sidwell dabere na nhazi dị iche. N'ebe ahụ, ọ bụ naanị mpaghara abụọ mbụ ka a na-akpọ Pnar, ebe ụdị dị iche iche a na-asụ na West Khasi Hills bụ nke Maharam, asụsụ yiri ya ma dị iche. Map abụọ ahụ na-egosikwa obere akpa nke ndị na-asụ Pnar na steeti Assam dị nso, Na map mbụ, ha na-ejedebe na mpaghara dị nso na Meghalaya, ebe map nke ikpeazụ na-egosipụtakwa otu ìgwè obodo nta ndị na-ekwu Pnar gburugburu Haflong.[3]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Pnar nwere ụdaume iri atọ: ụdaume asaa na ụdaume iri abụọ na atọ. Ụda ndị ọzọ edepụtara n'okpuru ebe a bụ mmezu phonetic.[4] Ụda ndị dị na brackets bụ mmezu phonetic na ụda ndị dị na slashes bụ phonemes.
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | /i/ | [Ọ dị na] | /u/ |
| Ihe dị nso | [ɪ] | [ʊ] | |
| N'etiti etiti | /e/ | /o/ | |
| N'etiti | [ə] | ||
| N'etiti oghere | /ɛ/ | [ʌ] | /ɔ/ |
| Emeghe | /ɑ/ |
E nwekwara otu diphthong: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Yesno' not found..
Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Ezé ezé | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | |||
| Plosive | enweghị olu | /p/ | /t̪/ | /t/ | /tʃ/ | /k/ | /ʔ/ |
| kwuru okwu | /b/ | /d̪/ | /d/ | /dʒ/ | |||
| onye na-enweghị oluaspirated | /ph/ | /t̪h/ | [tʃh] | /kh/ | |||
| voiced aspirated | [bɦ] | [d̪ɦ] | [dʒɦ] | ||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | /s/ | /h/ | |||||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | /r/ | ||||||
| Ihe atụ | etiti | /w/ | /j/ | ||||
| N'akụkụ | /l/ | ||||||
Ọdịdị nke ụdaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ okwu na Pnar nwere ike ịnwe otu ụdaume nucleic. N'ụzọ zuru oke, ha nwere ike ịgụnye mmalite dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdaume abụọ, isi okwu diphthong, na ụdaume coda. Ụdị nke abụọ nke mkpụrụedemede nwere mkpụrụedemede imi / trill / n'akụkụ ozugbo na-esote ụdaume mmalite. Mkpụrụ okwu a na-akpa àgwà dị ka rhyme. (Mgbaaka, 2012: 141-2)
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Pnar nwere usoro ụtọ asụsụ nwoke na nwanyị, usoro okwu ya bụ ngwaa mbụ, ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe maka ezinụlọ ya, na mpaghara a na-ekwu ya.
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Sidwell (2005). The Katuic languages: classification, reconstruction and comparative lexicon, LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 58. Muenchen: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-89586-802-7.
- ↑ Nagaraja (2013). "A lexicostatistical study of the Khasian languages: Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam, and Wae". Mon-Khmer Studies 42: 1‒11.
- ↑ Sidwell. Khasian Languages Project.
- ↑ Ring (2012). "A phonetic description and phonemic analysis of Jowai-Pnar" (in en). Mon-Khmer Studies 40: 133–175.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
- http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0003-D187-C@view Pnar na RWAAI Digital Archive
- Pnar DoReCo corpus nke Hiram Ring chịkọtara. Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo nke ederede akụkọ na transcriptions oge-dabere na ọkwa ekwentị, nsụgharị, na oge-dabara morphological annotations.