Poro

Poro, ma ọ bụ Purrah ma ọ bụ Purroh, bụ otu nzuzo nke ndị ikom si Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, na Ivory Coast, si Mane (ndị Mande Elite na-edu nnukwu akụkụ nke Ukwu Mali na ndịda). Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ ya oriri ịchụ nta, ma ọ bụ naanị ụmụ nwoke ka a na-anabata.[1] O kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ Poro bụ ụlọ ọrụ Sande.

Ọdịdị ya

Ndị Poro bụ akụkụ nke omenala ndị Mane, ndị siri ike nke mpaghara ahụ kemgbe 1000 AD..

Enwere òtù nzuzo abụọ na Sierra Leone, Yassi na Bundu. Mbụ, ụmụnwaanyị, ka anyị nabata ụmụnwaanyị Poro. Ụmụ nwanyị niile chọrọ ịga Yassi ga-esi na Bundu, nke edobere naanị maka ụmụ nwanyị. Na Liberia, otu nwanyị a na-akpọ Poro bụ ụlọ ọrụ Sande.

N'ime atọ ahụ, Poro bụ nke kachasị mkpa. A na-achịkwa ụmụ amaala niile site na iwu ya. Ọ na-anọchite anya ụdị ọha mmadụ nke a na-anabata ọbụna ụmụ ọhụrụ nwa oge. Ememe ha na-eme bụ iburu ha banye n'ime ọhịa Poro ma pụọ ọzọ.

E nwekwara akụkụ okpukpe na nke obodo nke Poro. N'okpuru nke mbụ, ụmụ nwoke sonyeere ya n'oge uto n'ememe nke ịgafe. N'okpuru akụkụ obodo ya, ọha mmadụ na-eje ozi dị ka ụdị òtù na-achị ala, na-eme iwu, na-ekpebi agha na udo, wdg.

Ihe ndị metụtara ọdịbendị

Na omenala na omenala nke Liberia (2006) site n'aka Ayodeji Olukoju, a na-enyocha ndị Poro na Liberia. "A na-akọwa omenala okpukpe nke Liberia dị ka saịtị nke ọchịchọ maka nzuzo (nke a na-yenye n'iche nke ifa mo - "ekwughi ya") nke nkwenye siri ike na njikọta nke ọdịdị mmadụ."[1] "Maka ndị na-abụghị ndị Liberia, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe omume ndị a bụ ọrụ nke ndị agha nzuzo.. "^[1]

"Nkwenkwe gụnyere nkwenye na e nwere ihe miri emi na ihe zoro ezo banyere onye ọ bụla nke naanị ndị na-akọ ọdịnihu, ndị ụkọchukwu, na ndị ọzọ ruru eru nwere ike ịkọwa. Nke a na-egosi na ihe ọ bụla dị ma ọ bụ mee n'ime ala anụ ahụ nwere ntọala n'ime ụwa mmụọ. "^[1]

Ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya

Otu n'ime ọrụ mmekọrịta nke òtù nzuzo dị ka Poro na Sande bụ igbochi omume ma ọ bụ nkwenkwe na-emegide mmadụ. Ndị okenye Poro ga-ekpebi ikpe nke ebubo amoosu na obodo.

Omume

Ndị Poro nwere emume khuri iche nke ha, asụsụ, script Sahara oge ochie, Egbugbu, na akara. Nkọwa ahụ dị iche, ọ bụ ihe nzuzo. Otú ọ dị, e nwere nsụgharị nke iterations ndị dị n'ihu ọha dị ka Vai Script, Mende Script, na Kpelle syllabary. Ndị na-ahụ ntọhapụ ọha nke ihe odide na Ekwuola enwetala saịtị nke nrọ ahụ mgbe ndị Europe nke narị afọ nke 19 na 20 OA. Nke a bụ mmalite nke ihe odide ndị Europe dere.

Nzukọ

Ndị Poro nọ n'oge ọkọchị, n'ọnwa Ọktoba na Mee. Nzukọ ahụ dị n'ime ọhịa, a ga m aga ụlọ klọb. E nwere ọkwa atọ, nke mbụ bụ maka ndị isi ọchịchị (Onye isi utima elu), nke a na-akpọ “ngu ukwu”, nke abụọ bụ maka ndị ụkọchukwu, nke atọ bụ maka ndị mmadụ. Onye na-eduzi emume nke Poro bụ ekwensu Poro, mộc na-eyi uwe dị egow, onye na-ekwu okwu of the meeting that site is a long tree..

"Ọ bụ ekwensu Poro na-eduzi emume nke Purrah, nwoke yi uwe na-atọ ụtọ, onye na-ekwu okwu na nzukọ ahụ site na ogologo tube nke osisi, nke a maara dị ka bull-roarer (olu na-emebi emebi nke na-enye ụda na-agba ọbara, ma mee ya site na tube nwere oghere ndị e gburu n'ime ya nke diski membrane sitere na akpa àkwá nke otu ududo gbasaa n'elu ya".

Ọ bụrụ na emume nwere ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụaka na ndị na-abụghị ndị otu na-ekere òkè, ekwensu na-anọghị. Gbetoo bụ naanị "fetish ejiji ogologo osisi" nke a pụrụ ịhụ. A naghị ahụkwa ekwensu poro ọbụna n'anya ọtụtụ ndị otu.

Iwu

Poro nwere ike itinye ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla iwu. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị onye otu ga-emebi iwu ya, e meela ọtụtụ nsogbu ebe a na-etinye ihe ọkụkụ iwu.^[2] N'afọ 1897, a manyere gọọmentị ime obodo nke Britain ka ha mee iwu pụrụ iche nke machibidoro itinye iwu ahụ na ngwaahịa niile.^[2]

Ihe omume ndị ọzọ

N'afọ 2009, ndị otu Poro na-atụ nkume mere mkpesa maka nhọpụta Elizabeth Simbiwa Sogbo-Tortu dị ka nwanyị mbụ nke Nimiyama Chiefdom n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Sierra Leone. Ha machibidoro ya ịbanye n'ọkwa.^[3]

Ọrụ site na mba

Liberia

Hụkwa

Ndị na-ere nri
Òtù agụ owuru
Òtù Agụ owuru
Òtù nzuzo

Ihe odide

Isiokwu a na-etinye ederede sitere na mbipụta ugbu a nangalaba ọha na eze: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1911). "Encyclopædia Britannica/Purrah">Purrah". Encyclopædia Britannica. Izu ohi 22 (nke iri na otu). Cambridge University Press. peeji nke 666.

Ịgụ ihe ndị ọzọ

Tim Butcher Ịchụ Ekwensu - Ịchụ Mmụọ Agha nke Africa. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ISBN 0701183608
P. Jan Vandenhoute. "Poro na Mask: Akụkọ ole na ole banyere 'Masks dị ka ndị ọrụ nchịkwa ọha na eze na Northeast Liberia' site na Dr. G.W. Harley. " Working Papers in Ethnic Art, 4. Mahadum Steeti nke Ghent, 1989.

1 2 Olukoju, Ayodeji. Culture and customs of Liberia Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. 24-147. ISBN 0313332916. Google Books. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
1 2 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named sherbro
↑ "Sierra Leone woman barred from becoming chief", BBC News, December 15, 2009. Retrieved on December 15, 2009.

[custom-1] 1 2 Olukoju, Ayodeji. Culture and customs of Liberia Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. 24-147. ISBN 0313332916. Google Books. Retrieved July 24, 2017.

[sherbro-2] 1 2 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named sherbro

[barred-3] "Sierra Leone woman barred from becoming chief", BBC News, December 15, 2009. Retrieved on December 15, 2009.

[1]

[2]

[3]