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Public folklore

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Akụkọ ọha bụ ọrụ nke ndị na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọha ntọala United States of Canada na mpụga kọleji, dị ka Council gị, ebe mosi ihe mgbe ochie, Ememme life traditional, redio station, wdg.  Ndị otu American Folklore Society chepụtara okwu a bụ "folklore" na mbido 1970s..

Ogologo ọrụ

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Ndị na-akọ akụkọ gbasara omenaala ọha na-agụnye n’akwụkwọ, ichekwa ihe, n’igosipụta ụdịdị omenala, ọrụ nke omenala ndị Egwú, na ụdị ndụ ndị ọzọ.  N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, ndị mmadụ na-etinye aka na mmepe akụ na ụba nke mba ahụ.  Ndị na-akọ akụkọ ọha na eze na-arụ ọrụ na mmemme "ihe oswe tara n'ihi na m na-egosi ndị na-ekwu maka traktị ahụ. Ṅaa  Emepere m mmemme mmụta iji kwalite nkuzi saịtị ọdịnala maka ndị nna ukwu.  Mmemme redio ọdịnala Ha na-egosikwa dị ka American Routes of Public Radio International.  Site n'oge ruo n'oge, m mepụtara ihe nkiri nke bụ akụkụ nke omenala;  Smithsonian folklorist Marjorie Hunt meriri ihe nrite Academy maka obere ihe nkiri ya nke 1984 The Stone Carvers banyere ndị na-ese ihe nke National Katidral na Washington, D.C.  Studentsmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Memorial arụwo ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ obodo, gụnyere egwuregwu ọdịnala, [1] ihe ngosi nka mpaghara, [2] [3] akụkọ injin ụgbọ mmiri, [4] ndị ọrụ obodo..[1][2]

Akụkọ ọdịnala ọha na eze na United States of America

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Na US, ọ bụ Archie Green bụ onye guzobere usoro ọdịnala ọha, n'agbanyeghị na ọrụ a dabere na nke Ben Botkin na Alan Lomax, na-alaghachi na 1930s.  (Ọ kpọrọ ọrụ ahụ "akụkọ ifo," ọ dịkwa ka ọ dị iche.) Akụkọ ifo na United States nwere ike ịmaliteghachi na okike nke American Folklife Center of the Library of Congress na 1970s, saịtị nke omume Congress, nke Sen.  Ralph Yarborough (D-TX) kwadokwara atụmatụ Green sitere n'aka onye enyemaka Senate Jim Hightower.  Mgbe e mesịrị, e hiwere mmemme Smithsonian Institution's National Endowment for Arts (NEA), ebe ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme dịka Ralph Rinzler, Alan Jabbour na Bess Lomax Hawes rụrụ ọrụ..

E guzobere mmemme ego na 1970s na 1980s n'ihe karịrị kansụl nka steeti 40, ndị a mekwara ka e mepụta ma ọ bụ nye ego maka akwụkwọ na ngosi nke ndụ ọdịnala, dị ka City Lore na Center for Traditional Music and Dance na New York, Texas Folklife Resources, Northwest Folklife, Western Folklife Center, na Philadelphia Folklore Project.

Smithsonian Institution na-egosipụta Smithsonian Folklife Festival kwa June na July nke na-adọta ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ iji nụ ihe ngosi na-eme na ikiri ngosipụta nke ọrụ aka ọdịnala.

N'afọ ọ bụla, a na-enye ndị na-eme ihe nkiri America ama ama 15 National Heritage Fellowships na webụsaịtị NEA.  Ụfọdụ ndị a ma ama n'ime afọ ndị a gụnyere John Lee Hooker, BB.  King, Clifton Chenier, Earl Scruggs, Michael Flatley, Shirley Caesar, Albertina Walker, Janette Carter, Koko Taylor, Brownie McGhee, Sonny Terry, Jean Ritchie, Sunnyland Slim, Lydia Mendoza, Boozoo Chavis, Zakir Hussain, Helen Cordero, Margaret Tafoya, Santiago Jiménez, Manlines, Manlines, Manlines, Jr Nwoke, & Ndị ìsì, Nwoke Nwoke.

Akụkọ ọdịnala ọha na eze na Canada

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Ọganihu nke akụkọ ọdịnala ọha na eze na Canada agbasoro ụzọ dị iche karịa na United States, na agụmakwụkwọ ọdịnala nke na-akpali karịa site na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na akụ na ụba karịa site na ọnọdụ mba ụwa na agụmakọta.[3] Enwere ike ịhụ nke a dị ka akụkụ nke "ụzọ pụrụ iche nke Canada" [4] ụzọ maka ọdịnala.

Otu n'ime mbọ mbụ iji weta agụmakwụkwọ akụkọ ifo n'ihu ọha bụ nguzobe nke Canadian Folk-Lore Society na Toronto na 1908 n'okpuru nduzi nke David Boyle, onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Ontario, [1] na enweela mmekọrịta chiri anya na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Canada kemgbe ahụ.  Mgbalị ndị ọzọ mbụ gụnyere mmepe Alberta Folk-Lore and Local History Project na 1944-45, na nguzobe nke Canadian Folk Music Society na 1957, n'okpuru nduzi nke Marius Barbeau, [1] onye akọwara dị ka onye ọkọ akụkọ ọdịnala mbụ nke Canada.  [2] Na 1950s, Barbara Cass-Beggs chịkọtara egwu ndị mmadụ, akpọrọ egwu asatọ nke Saskatchewan, wee jee ozi dị ka onye enyemaka dị mkpa na Saskatchew History & Folklore Society na 1957..[5]

Mgbe Herbert Halpert guzobere Ngalaba Folklore na Mahadum Newfoundland na 1968, Halpert na Violetta Halpert kere MUNFLA, mmemme mmụta ọdịnala nke Memorial gụnyere ọmụmụ oge ụfọdụ na omenala Eji nke ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Neil Rosenberg mebere wee lara ezumike nka na 2004. Siga  Ngwongwo ndị na-echekwa anyị gara aga 1883-1935 na-egosi akụkọ akụkọ hockey Canada "Rocket" Richard;  [2] nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ Michael Taft enyela aka ịmepụta ọrụ akụkọ ifo ọha dịka Discovering Saskatchewan Folklore;  [3] Richard MacKinnon gụsịrị akwụkwọ, onye na-ejide ọnọdụ nke Canada Cultural Research Chair of Intengible Heritage, rụrụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ọrụ omenala.[4][5][6]  N'afọ 2020, ngalaba akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Ncheta bụ naanị mmemme akụkọ zuru oke na mba ahụ..[6]

Na 1976, n'okpuru nduzi nke ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Jean Hamelin, University of Laval kere Center d'Etudes sur la Langue, les Arts et les Traditions Populaire des Francophones d'Amerique du Nord (CELAT) nke mepụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ethnology gụsịrị akwụkwọ bụ ndị nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na ubi nke nkà mmụta ihe ochie, nchekwa na nkà mmụta ihe ochie.  etiti.[7]

N'èzí Quebec, na n'agbanyeghị ọrụ nke òtù ndị dị ka Canadian Museum of Civilization na ndị na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala n'otu n'otu, ngalaba nke akụkọ ọdịnala na nke ọha na eze ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eto. N'afọ 2002, e kwuru,

"...enweghị ụlọ ọrụ ọdịnala nke Canada na-enye ego zuru oke na narị afọ nke 20 emeela ka mmepe nke ọdịnala ọha na eze na Canada ghara ịga nke ọma. The Folklore Studies Association of Canada na onye bu ya ụzọ, Canadian Centre for Folk Culture Studies, ma ndị gọọmentị na-enye ụgwọ, emetụtala iwu ọdịbendị gọọmentị. Site n'ị mepụta iwu ọdịbendụ siri ike, a nọgidere na-elekwasị anya n'ichekwa ọdịnala ụwa ochie, na ileghara ọdịnala ọdịnala dị ugbu a anya. "

N'agbanyeghị nke a, ndị Canada gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite omenala ọha na eze na n'èzí ụlọ akwụkwọ.  N'otu afọ ahụ, o kwuru na "ọtụtụ ndị Laval [akụkọ ihe mere eme] gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-achọta ọrụ na ngalaba ọha".  Agbanyeghị, Canada akwadoghị nkwekọrịta ahụ ruo 2020.[2]  Guzobere ntọala nke ọdịbendị na-adịghị ahụkebe nke Newfoundland na Labrador na 2008, na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ omenala ọha.: [8][9][10]

Newfoundland na Labrador na-ewere ọrụ nke ichebe ihe nketa ọdịbendị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya "akụkọ ọdịnala nke ngalaba ọha na eze". N'ihi ya, mpaghara ahụ anabatala atụmatụ maka ichebe nke kwekọrọ na Nkwekọrịta ICH UNESCO, mana ọ ka bụ nke pụrụ iche na Newfoundland and Labrador. [11]

Onye mgbasa ozi ọha Dale Gilbert Jarvis kwadoro mmemme ahụ, nke bụkwa nke mbụ n'ime akụkọ ifo nke Canada.   N'okpuru nduzi ya, mmemme ahụ meriri 2019 Jeonju International Award maka ịkwalite ICH. [12][13]

Na 2007, Mahadum Memorial goro Jillian Gould, onye akụkọ ifo nwere nzụlite na akụkọ ọdịnala ọha, [1] wee malite na 2010 Ncheta malitere MA.  na ụzọ nkuzi nkwado ọha na nke etinyere maka ụmụ akwụkwọ chọrọ ịka nka na akụkọ ọdịnala ọha.[2]  Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mmemme ahụ aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na òtù dị iche iche gụnyere Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland na Labrador, MUNFLA, Obodo St.  John's, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka ụgbọ mmiri nke NL, Archive Days Days, Ememme Mummers, Folk Arts Society of NL, Obodo Deer Lake, na The Rooms.

Ikike ndị ọzọ agbasowo ọrụ akụkọ ifo ọha nke Quebec na Newfoundland na Labrador.  Heritage Saskatchewan goro onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ akụkọ ifo Mahadum Memorial Kristin Catherwood n'ọrụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ma na-egosipụta ọnọdụ Newfoundland na Labrador enweghị atụ.  Ọ tinyela aka na ọrụ akụkọ ọdịnala dị iche iche, gụnyere ọrụ na obodo n'oge mgbanwe akụ na ụba, [1] [2] [3] Prairie barn, [4] [5] na ndụ ugbo n'oge COVID-19..[14]

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Harron. "A tisket, a tasket ... who's got a mill basket?", Today.Mun.CA, February 24, 2012. Retrieved on 2020-09-14.
  2. ↑ Morry (2013-11-21). "Raving for Rugelach". Muse 64 (11): 4. 
  3. ↑ Henderson (1973). "Folklore Scholarship and the Sociopolitical Milieu in Canada". Journal of the Folklore Institute 10 (1/2): 97–107. DOI:10.2307/3813882. 
  4. ↑ Greenhill (2002). "Afterword: The "Journal of American Folklore" and Americanist versus Canadianist Traditions". The Journal of American Folklore 115 (456): 283–292. DOI:10.2307/4129224. ISSN 0021-8715. 
  5. ↑ Intangible Cultural Heritage in Saskatchewan Museums. Museums Association of Saskatchewan, 2. 
  6. ↑ Mercer. "Memorial University department is country's only comprehensive Anglophone folklore program", The Telegram, May 27, 2019. Retrieved on 2020-09-14.
  7. ↑ Guigne (1996). "The Politics of Culture and Public Sector Folklore in Quebec: The Role of Laval University's Centre d'Etudes sur la Langue, les Arts et les Traditions Populaire des Francophones d'Amerique du Nord (CELAT) and I'Ethnologie Quebecois". Culture & Tradition 18: 5–22. 
  8. ↑ Pocius (2010). "THE EMERGENCE OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE POLICY IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR". Newfoundland Quarterly 103 (1): 43–45. 
  9. ↑ Harrison (2019). The Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage in England: A Comparative Exploration. Nottingham Trent University. 
  10. ↑ Jarvis (2014). "Reframing and Extending Tradition: Intangible Cultural Heritage and Public Folklore in Newfoundland and Labrador". Volkskunde 3: 361–377. 
  11. ↑ Sutherland (2014). RESTAGING THE RECORD: THE ROLE OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHIVES IN SAFEGUARDING AND PRESERVING PERFORMANCE AS INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE. University of Pittsburgh. 
  12. ↑ "Intangible cultural heritage earns tangible award", CBC News, 2019-10-08. Retrieved on 2020-09-14.
  13. ↑ Dale Jarvis uses storytelling and folklore to capture intangible cultural heritage (en-US). National Trust for Canada. Retrieved on 2020-09-15.
  14. ↑ Catherwood chronicles life on a Sask. farm amid COVID-19 in NFB film (en-CA). Regina Leader Post. Retrieved on 2020-09-15.
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