Sacrilege

Sacrileji bụ mmebi ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ nke ihe dị nsọ, saịtị ma ọ bụ mmadụ. Nke a nwere ike were ụdị enweghị nsọpụrụ nye ndị dị nsọ, ebe na ihe. Mgbe mmejọ nke dị nsọ bụ nkwulu, a na-akpọ ya nkwulu, na mgbe anụ ahụ, a na-akpọkarị ya mmetọ. N'echiche zuru oke karị, mmebi iwu ọ bụla megide ihe a na-ahụ dị ka omume ọma nke okpukpe ga-abụ ihe dị nsọ, ya mere ọ na-abịaru nso ebe dị nsọ na-enweghị ikike.

Ọtụtụ okpukperechi oge ochie nwere echiche yiri nke sacrilege, nke a na-ewerekarị dị ka ụdị ihe mgbochi. Echiche bụ isi bụ na mpaghara sacrum ma ọ bụ haram guzo n'elu ụwa nke ihe rụrụ arụ na ngwa ngwa ya, lee dichotomy dị nsọ-profane.

Okwu mmalite

Okwu ahụ bụ "sacrilege" sitere na Latin sacer, nke pụtara ihe dị nsọ, na legere, nke pụtara izu ohi. N'oge ndị Rom, ọ na-ezo aka n'ikpochapụ ụlọ nsọ na ili. Ka ọ na-erule n'oge Cicero, sacrilege ewerewo ihe sara mbara, gụnyere mmejọ okwu megide okpukpe na mmeso na-enweghị nsọpụrụ nke ihe ndị dị nsọ.

N'ihi myirịta ụda olu dị n'etiti okwu sacrilegious na okpukperechi, na ojiji ha dabere na mmụọ n'asụsụ Bekee ọgbara ọhụrụ, ọtụtụ ndị na-eche n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi na okwu abụọ ahụ nwere njikọ etymologically, ma ọ bụ na otu bụ ihe na-emegiderịta onwe ya. Okpukpe sitere na okwu Latin nke religio , nke putara "nsọpụrụ, okpukpe", (site na religare, "iji kegide [na chi {s}]"; Tully nwetara ya site na re- [ọzọ] na legere [ịgụ]), ebe sacrilegious na-enweta n'ikpeazụ site na Latin na-ejikọta ụdị dị nsọ", nke pụtara izu ohi ma ọ bụ izu ohi. Aha Latin sacrilegus pụtara “onye na-ezu ohi ihe dị nsọ”.1

Iso Ụzọ Kraịst

Mgbe Iso Ụzọ Kraịst bịara dị ka okpukpe ndị ọchịchị na-achị Alaeze Ukwu Rom, Eze Ukwu Theodosius mere ka a ghara ime ihe ọjọọ n’ụzọ ka ukwuu, gụnyere ịjụ okwukwe, nkewa, na mmejọ megide eze ukwu, dị ka ịghara ịtụ ụtụ isi.

Ka ọ na-erule oge etiti, a na-ejedebe echiche nke sacrilege ọzọ na omume anụ ahụ megide ihe ndị dị nsọ, nke a bụkwa ntọala nke ozizi Katọlik niile sochirinụ na isiokwu ahụ. Otu nnukwu mmejọ bụ imegide onye ọbịa a raara nye, nke a makwaara dị ka Ahụ Kraịst. Tụkwasị na nke a, mmetọ Bible emeela ka a kpụpụ ya ikpe.^[1]^[2]

Ọtụtụ mba nke oge a ahapụla iwu megide sacrilege n'ihi nkwanye ùgwù maka nnwere onwe ikwu okwu, ma e wezụga n'ọnọdụ ebe enwere mmerụ ahụ na ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe onwunwe. Na United States, ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States Burstyn v. Wilson (1952) wepụrụ iwu megide sacrilege, na-ekwu na enweghị ike ịkọwa okwu ahụ nke ọma n'ụzọ ga-echebe megide nguzobe nke otu ụka n'elu nke ọzọ nakwa na iwu ndị dị otú ahụ mebiri nnwere onwe okpukpe na nnwere onwe ikwu okwu.

N'agbanyeghị na ha bụ ndị a na-emebi iwu, mgbe ụfọdụ, ọha na eze ka na-ele omume rụrụ arụ anya n'ụzọ siri ike, ọbụlagodi site n'aka ndị otu aha ma ọ bụ ndị bụbu na ndị na-abụghị ndị na-eso okpukpe ahụ, ọkachasị mgbe a na-ele ọrụ ndị a anya dị ka ngosipụta nke ịkpọasị megide otu ịrọ òtù ma ọ bụ nkwenkwe.

Chọọchị Katọlik

Dị ka Nkà mmụta okpukpe Katọlik si kwuo, a na-ekewa sacrilege dị ka nke onwe, nke mpaghara, ma ọ bụ nke dị adị.

sacrilege onwe onye bụ enweghị nsọpụrụ nke a na-egosi onye a raara nye site na Nkwa okpukpe (ndị mọnk, ndị nọn, wdg) ma ọ bụ site na iwu dị nsọ (ndị dikọn, ndị ụkọchukwu, ndị bishọp). A na-ewere ịkwa emo, ịkwa emo ma ọ bụ imegbu ndị ụkọchukwu dị ka sacrilege onwe onye, ebe ọ bụ na a na-emekarị ibu iro ọ bụghị onye ahụ n'onwe ya kama na Chọọchị ma ọ bụ Chineke onye ha na-anọchite anya ya. Mgbe ọ bụla ndị nọ na ndụ okpukpe ma ọ bụ nke ndị ụkọchukwu mebiri Iwu nke isii ma mebie nkwa ha nke ịdị ọcha, a na-ewere ya dị ka sacrilege onwe onye n'akụkụ ha. Ịtinye aka ike n'elu onye ụkọchukwu na-eme ka a chụpụ ya na-akpaghị aka dịka Iwu Canon nke 1917 si dị. Kemgbe afọ 1983, ọ bụ naanị onye na-awakpo popu ka a chụpụrụ na chọọchị.

Sacrilege nke mpaghara bụ mmebi na imerụ ebe dị nsọ na oghere. Izu ohi ma ọ bụ imebi ụlọ ụka, ụlọ ekpere, ụlọ ụka, ebe obibi ndị nọn, ma ọ bụ ebe obibi ndị mọnk ga-abụ nke a. Ọ pụkwara ịbụ ime omume rụrụ arụ na mmehie n'ime ụlọ dị nsọ, dị ka igbu ọchụ ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ. Iwu 1917 weere ili onye a chụpụrụ n'ihu ọha n'ebe ili ozu ndị Katọlik ma ọ bụ ala dị nsọ ka sacrilege. Usoro 1983 nke ugbu a ekwughị ya.

Ezigbo sacrilege bụ enweghị nsọpụrụ nke e gosipụtara maka ihe ndị dị nsọ, ọkachasị Sakramenti asaa ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla e ji efe ofufe (ebe ịchụàjà, uwe elu, iko, Ụlọikwuu, na ndị ọzọ). Nke a nwere ike ime nke mbụ site na nchịkwa ma ọ bụ nnata nke sakramenti n'ọnọdụ mmehie na-anwụ anwụ, dịka ịnata Oriri Nsọ, yana site na ịkpọsa ihe ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị ahụ n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi. Iji arịa dị nsọ maka iji ya eme ihe, dị ka iko iji ṅụọ cocktails, ma ọ bụ iji ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị dị ka efere akwụkwọ na iko Styrofoam maka ofufe liturgical, bụkwa ihe atụ nke ezigbo sacrilege. Ụdị kachasị njọ bụ imerụ Sakrament a gọziri agọzi, ebe ọ bụ ihe kachasị mkpa na ihe kachasị nsọ na Katọlik (karịa ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla nke akụkọ ihe mere eme).

England na Wales

Na Post-Reformation England, sacrilege bụ mpụ mpụ ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, ọ bụ ezie na nkọwa iwu ya dịgasị iche iche. Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Bekee nke narị afọ nke iri na asaa na nke iri na asatọ rịọrọ maka isi echiche nke izuru ihe na chọọchị.

Iwu mpụ e wusiri ike site na Iwu Peel site na 1828. N'ime ndị a, 7 & 8 Geo 4 c 27 ^[3] wepụrụ ndokwa nke 1 Ed 6 c 12 ^[4] n'ihe gbasara sacrilege, ebe abụọ mepụtara iwu ọhụrụ gbasara izu ohi: 7 & 8 geo 4 c 29 ^[5] maka England na Wales, na 9 Geo 4c 55 ^[6] maka Ireland. Akụkụ nke 10 nke ọ bụla bụ otu: Akụkụ abụọ ahụ ka e ji ngalaba 50 nke Iwu Izu ohi nke 1861 dochie anya nke a kọwara site na ederede ya dị n'akụkụ dị ka "ịgbaji ma banye na chọọchị ma ọ bụ ụlọ ekpere ma mee mpụ ọ bụla" nke na-agụ: Mmebi iwu a enweghị ike ikpebi na nkeji iri na ise

Akụkụ nke 50 nke Iwu Izu ohi nke 1861 ka e wepụrụ site na ngalaba nke 48 (1) nke, na usoro iheomume, Iwu Izu ezu ohi nke 1916. Akụkụ nke 24 nke Iwu Izu ohi nke 1916 dochiri ya nke nyere: A gbanwere okwu "mmebi iwu" maka okwu "felony", na ngalaba (1) na (2), site na ngalaba 10 (1) nke, na paragraf 12 (1) nke Schedule 2 ruo, Criminal Law Act 1967.

Akụkụ nke 24 ka ngalaba nke 9 na 10 nke Iwu Izu ohi 1968 dochiri (nke na-emepụta mmebi iwu nke ohi na ohi siri ike).

Dị ka ime ihe ike, imerụ onwe onye ahụ na mpako

Ime ihe ike megide Chineke bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke mpako nke wetara àgwà nke ọdịdị chi n'ụwa ihe onwunwe, ebe ịdị adị ha bụ nke chi ma si otú a bụrụ ihe a na-apụghị imerụ.

Hụkwa

Iwu Na-emegide Ịsa Ahụhụ
Mmetụta Bible
Nkwutọ
Ọkụ ọkụ na chọọchị
Mmetụta rụrụ arụ
Mmetụta nke ebe obibi
Mmehie

Ihe edeturu

7. Ndị editọ nke Encyclopædia Britannica. (n.d.) Usoro iwu Theodosian. E nwetara ya na March 31, 2017, site na https://www.britannica.com/topic/Theodosian-Code

Njikọ mpụga

Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke KatọlikEncyclopedia Katọlik
Webster's Dictionary of English Usage 1989
Magda Teter, Ndị mmehie n'ikpe: Ndị Juu na Àjà mgbe Ndozigharị gasịrị (Harvard University Press, 2011),

↑ Michaels (October 31, 2012). Polish singer faces two years in jail over Bible-tearing stunt. The Guardian.
↑ Peter. "วัตถุมงคล". Retrieved on 13 February 2023.
↑ (1829) "An Act for repealing various Statutes in England relative to the Benefit of Clergy, and to Larceny and other Offences connected therewith, and to malicious Injuries to Property, and to Remedies against the Hundred", The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Eyre and Strahan. Retrieved on 31 January 2017.
↑ Evans (1829). "An Act for the Repeal of certain Statutes concerning Treasons, Felonies, etc", A Collection of Statutes Connected with the General Administration of the Law. Retrieved on 31 January 2017.
↑ (1829) "An Act for consolidating and amending the Laws in England relative to Larceny and other Offences connected therewith", The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Eyre and Strahan. Retrieved on 31 January 2017.
↑ (1828) "An Act for consolidating and amending the Laws in Ireland relative to Larceny, and other Offences connected therewith.", Statutes at Large 1828. HM Statute Law Printers. Retrieved on 31 January 2017.

[1] Michaels (October 31, 2012). Polish singer faces two years in jail over Bible-tearing stunt. The Guardian.

[2] Peter. "วัตถุมงคล". Retrieved on 13 February 2023.

[3] (1829) "An Act for repealing various Statutes in England relative to the Benefit of Clergy, and to Larceny and other Offences connected therewith, and to malicious Injuries to Property, and to Remedies against the Hundred", The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Eyre and Strahan. Retrieved on 31 January 2017.

[Evans1829-4] Evans (1829). "An Act for the Repeal of certain Statutes concerning Treasons, Felonies, etc", A Collection of Statutes Connected with the General Administration of the Law. Retrieved on 31 January 2017.

[5] (1829) "An Act for consolidating and amending the Laws in England relative to Larceny and other Offences connected therewith", The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Eyre and Strahan. Retrieved on 31 January 2017.

[Britain1828-6] (1828) "An Act for consolidating and amending the Laws in Ireland relative to Larceny, and other Offences connected therewith.", Statutes at Large 1828. HM Statute Law Printers. Retrieved on 31 January 2017.

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