Scholastica Kimaryo

Scholastica Kimaryo (amụrụ n'afọ 1949) bụ onye nkuzi ndụ nke Tanzania na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị, onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ gọọmentị mba ụwa na onye nta akụkọ ruo afọ iri atọ. A mụrụ ya na mpaghara Kilimanjaro nke Tanzania, ọ lụsoro omenala ọgụ iji nweta agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị na nke tertiary. Mgbe ọ gachara Girls' High School na Tabora, n'afọ 1971, ọ nwetara nzere Bachelor nke sayensị na akụ na ụba ụlọ site na ndokwa mmekọrịta ya na Mahadum Victoria nke Manchester na Mahadum nke East Africa, nke Nairobi. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ ma nweta diplọma post-graduate na journalism na Mahadum nke Dar es Salaam, na mmemme nke gọọmentị Tanganyika Standard kwadoro.

Mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri na akwụkwọ akụkọ gasịrị, Kimyaro malitere ịrụ ọrụ na United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) na-ejide ọkwa dị ka onye isi mmemme mba na Tanzania (1981-1984), Botswana (1984-1990), South Africa (1992-1998), na Liberia (1998-2001). N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa, ọ rụrụ ọrụ iji melite ma melite ụlọ akwụkwọ, webata atụmatụ udo, chebe ikike ụmụaka, ma kpochapụ ịda ogbenye. N'afọ ndị 1990, ọ laghachiri n'ọmụmụ ihe ya, nweta nzere Master of Science na Social Policy, Planning & Participation in Developing Countries site na London School of Economics. Mgbe ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ na UNICEF gasịrị, a kwalitere Kimaryo ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) dị ka onye nhazi UN na onye nnọchi anya UNDP na Lesotho (2001-2005) na South Africa (2005-2007). Ọrụ ya n'ebe ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịmepụta usoro maka nzaghachi maka Nsogbu HIV / AIDS na Africa na ịda ogbenye na mbelata enweghị ọrụ. N'afọ 2008 na 2009, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye mbụ bụ osote onye nchịkwa UNDP na osote onye nduzi mpaghara maka East & Southern Africa, na-ahụ maka ilekọta ọrụ UN na mba 23 nke Africa. Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 2009, Kimaryo nwetara asambodo na Mahadum Chopra Center, dị ka onye nkuzi ntụgharị uche na onye nkuzi ndụ Ayurvedic. Ọ nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'òtù ụmụ nwanyị na dị ka ọkà okwu na ịchọta nguzozi n'etiti ọdịmma onwe onye na ọrụ / ndụ.

Mbido ndụ, agụmakwụkwọ, na ezinụlọ

A mụrụ Scholastica na 1949 na Maua, obodo dị nso na Kibosho Kati na mpaghara Kilimanjaro nke Tanzania . [1] E nwere ụmụnne isii n'ezinụlọ ya, ụmụnne nwoke atọ na ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. [2] Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị site na Standard 4 ma chọọ ịga n'ihu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ya, mana agụmakwụkwọ abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ụmụ agbọghọ si n'obodo ya.[1][2] Nna ya megidere ọchịchọ ya maka agụmakwụkwọ ka elu, kama ọ chọrọ ka ọ lụọ.[1] Nne ya, Maria Yosepha Laurenti, gbara Scholasica ume [1] na onye ụkọchukwu nọ n'ógbè ahụ batara iji nyere ya aka idebanye aha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ozi ala ọzọ dị n'ọ́ maka Standard 5. [2][Ihe ịrịba ama 1] Nne ya na nwanne ya nwanyị nke okenye, Cecilia, rụrụ ọrụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ ya [1] na Girls' High School na Tabora. N'afọ 1969, Scholastica debara aha ya na Mahadum nke East Africa na Nairobi, Kenya. Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ, na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ dịka Uhuru, Mzalendo, na The Nationalist . [2] Site na nkwekọrịta ya na Mahadum Victoria nke Manchester, ọ nwetara nzere Bachelor nke sayensị na akụ na ụba ụlọ na Mahadim nke East Africa na 1971. [5][6][7] Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị akara ugo mmụta ya, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Dar es Salaam na diplọma na akwụkwọ akụkọ na mmemme nke gọọmentị Tanganyika Standard kwadoro.[1][5][7]

Na mbido afọ 1970, Scholastica lụrụ Sylvan Joachim Kimaryo, onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara na onye na-agụ egwú nke nwere ọtụtụ ìgwè, ya na ya nwere ụmụ abụọ, Joachim Marunda Kimaryo, bụ onye ghọrọ onye na-akụ egwú a maara dị ka Master Jay , na Catherine Kimaryo, onye sooro nne ya n'ọrụ mmepe.[8][9][10][11][7][12] Kimaryo gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ, na-ede maka Daily News wee bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Tanzania Journalists' Association. [2] Ka o nwere ike inyere ndị mụrụ ya aka n'ụzọ ego ma nye obodo ya ọkụ eletrik na ihe agụmakwụkwọ site n'ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ, nna Kimaryo gbanwere obi ya banyere ịkụziri ụmụ agbọghọ ma ghọọ onye na-akwado agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị.[1] N'afọ 1974, Scholastica bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka iri na abụọ si Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania na Uganda ịga njem nleta obodo asaa nke US na nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị Grail. Ebumnuche nke nleta ahụ bụ ịchọpụta ohere netwọk na nka na ahụike, agụmakwụkwọ, na mmepe obodo iji gbanwee ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ụmụ nwanyị. [8] E kenyere ya na 1977 ka ọ gbaa Alex Tosh ajụjụ ọnụ, onye isi nnọchi anya United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) na Tanzania maka akụkọ banyere nkwadebe maka 1979 International Year of the Child. Ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ mere ka a na-enye ya ọkwa na UNICEF.[2]

Onye ọrụ gọọmentị mba ụwa (1978-2009)

UNICEF

Na 1978, Kimaryo ghọrọ onye isi nke Tanzania Commission for Children, ụlọ ọrụ UNICEF. N'afọ sochirinụ, UNICEF wetara ya n'ọrụ, [1] ma rụọ ọrụ n'ọrụ dị iche iche iji meziwanye ndụ ụmụaka.[2] N'ịga n'ọkwa, ọ ghọrọ onye ntụzi mmemme obodo nke UNICEF maka Tanzania na 1981, na-eje ozi afọ atọ.[2][2][7] Ọrụ ya gụnyere iwu ụlọ akwụkwọ na ebe ọzụzụ iji nyere ụmụ anụmanụ aka.[1] Otu ọrụ a kapịrị ọnụ na Tanzania bụ ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anwụ site na ọrịa measles.[2] Na 1984, ọ kwagara Botswana dị ka onye isi mmemme obodo maka UNICEF wee gaa Gaborone.[7][13] Kimaryo gara ogbako ụmụ nwanyị 1985, nke emere na Nairobi, dịka onye nnọchi anya International Center for Research on Women. O kwuru na ogbako ahụ maka ihe ịma aka ụmụaka na-eche ihu n'ọrụ ha na Africa.14] Ka otu afọ gachara dịka onye ntụzi mmemme, Kimaryo buliri ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya UNICEF mba Botswana, ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ ruo na 1990.[7] Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya na Botswana lekwasịrị anya na nsogbu ndị obodo na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na-eche ihu.[2]

Ọrụ ya na ọrụ ya wetara Kimyaro na nlebara anya njikọ dị n'etiti ọrụ na iwu, nke mere ka ọ laa ezumike nká na 1990.[2] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ London nke Economics, ebe ọ nwetara Master of Science in Social Policy, Planning & Is participation in Developing Countries na 1991.[2][7] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Kimyaro rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye njikwa mmemme maka UNICEF na South Africa.[7] N'oge ahụ, South Africa nọ na-agbanwe site na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gaa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru oke.[2] Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwado ọrụ na imegharị iwu iji hụ na etinyere ikike na ikike n'ime usoro na iwu.[2][15]. Otu onye òtù LUG bụ Hlengiwe Mkhize kwuru na ọ bụ Kimyaro bụ onye webatara echiche gbasara ikwu na ibe ya dị ka isi ihe na South Africa n'oge ọchịchị ya.[16] Isi okwu ndị e lebara anya bụ nri, agụmakwụkwọ, na ndokwa nchebe, yana mpụ agha na ime ihe ike. .[15] Iji nyere aka kwado mmemme ahụ, Kimyaro haziri otu egwu maka Katharine, Duchess nke Kent, onye njem ya nwetara $5 nde.[2] Na 1998, Kimyaro so UNICEF mere njem gaa Liberia, ebe agha obodo Liberia nke mbụ malitere n'afọ gara aga.[7] N'ime ọrụ otu afọ ya, obodo ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ihe omume.[17] Na Liberia, ọrụ Kimyaro lekwasịrị anya na ijikọ ihe kpatara ya, dị ka ndị ogbenye na ndị ogbenye, na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agụ akwụkwọ. Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa na-elekwasị anya bụ ịgbalị inyere ndị na-alụbu ọgụ aka imeri ọnyà ha na iwughachi ndụ ha site na ọzụzụ ọrụ.[18] N'ọrụ ya, ọrụ ya n'ebe ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwakọba ego. Ọ haziri njem nleta maka Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, onye njem ya welitere $1 nde maka mmemme obodo.[2]

Usoro Mmepe nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu

Mgbe ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ nke ịrụ ọrụ maka UNICEF, a kwalitere Kimyaro ịrụ ọrụ maka United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) n'afọ 2001. [2][7] Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ dị ka onye nhazi UN na onye nnọchi anya UNDP na Lesotho.[7] N'oge ahụ, otu n'ime nsogbu kachasị njọ na-eche Sub-Saharan Africa ihu bụ ọrịa HIV / AIDS na UNDP butere ụzọ n'ịmepụta atụmatụ iji dozie nsogbu ahụ.[19] Abụọ n'ime ndị a lekwasịrị anya na itinye ndị isi dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo maka nyocha na nzukọ obodo iji gosipụta na nyocha HIV dị mfe ma ghara ịtụ egwu, na iji gọọmentị ime obodo karịa usoro mba maka ibute ụzọ na itinye n'ọrụ. [20][21] Kimyaro duziri ndị otu mepụtara akwụkwọ, Turning a Crisis into an Opportunity: Strategies for Scaling up the National Response to the HIV / AIDS Pandemic in Lesotho, nke prọfesọ Courtenay Sprague kọwara dị ka akwụkwọ ntuziaka iji gbochie ndị na-enweghị nje ka ha ghara ibute ọrịa na iji hụ na ndị nwere nje ahụ nwetara nlekọta na ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị.[22] Sprague toro ihe ọhụrụ akwụkwọ ahụ tụrụ aro na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụ ndị Afrịka dere ya, mana o kwuru na adịghị ike ya metụtara enweghị mkparịta ụka banyere ụzọ isi kwado ọgwụgwọ na itinye usoro n'ọrụ, n'ihi na ọnụahịa ahụ anaghị adịkarị maka ndị mmadụ na mba ahụ, yana ma iwu na ụkpụrụ mba ahụ kwekọrọ na ebumnuche ndị a tụrụ aro.[21][23]

N'agbata afọ 2005 na 2007, Kimyaro laghachiri South Africa, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi UN na onye nnọchi anya UNDP.[7] O nyeR aka mepụta atụmatụ nwere mmefu ego nke R550 nde iji nyere gọọmentị aka izute ebumnuche maka ebumnuche na ihe ndị kachasị mkpa. N'ịmepụta atụmatụ ahụ, a gakwuuru ngalaba gọọmentị iri na asaa iji nweta nkwekọrịta nke ebumnuche ha iji belata ịda ogbenye na enweghị ọrụ. Ebe ndị dị mkpa a na-elekwasị anya na atụmatụ ahụ gụnyere mmepe akụ na ụba, ọchịchị na nchịkwa, mmekọrịta mba ụwa, mgbochi mpụ na nlekọta ikpe, na udo na usoro nchekwa. E kenyere ngalaba ọ bụla mmefu ego maka inweta atụmatụ na ụlọ ọrụ UN kwesịrị ekwesị nke na-ahụ maka ịnakọta ego.[24] A kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ osote osote onye nchịkwa UNDP na osote onye nduzi mpaghara maka East & Southern Africa n'afọ 2008.[7] E mepụtara post ahụ ọhụrụ mgbe ọ banyere n'ọkwa ma chọọ ka Kimaryo lekọta ọrụ UN na mba 23 nke Afrịka.[25] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na UN mgbe ọ dị afọ 60 na 2009.[2]

Ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị (2009-dị ugbu a)

Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 2009, Kimaryo laghachiri n'ọmụmụ ihe, nweta asambodo dị ka onye nkuzi ntụgharị uche na onye nkuzi ndụ Ayurvedic na Mahadum Chopra Center . [1][2] O sonyere ma bụrụ ọkà okwu n'ọtụtụ nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, ma sonye na ọrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị Tanzania na Gauteng (TWIGA), otu ụmụ nwanyị o guzobere na mbido afọ 2000 iji nye ụmụ nwanyị Tanzania bi na South Africa ohere iwulite ohere netwọk.[2] Nzukọ ndị a gụnyere 2010 Gender Justice and Local Government Summits nke e mere na Johannesburg na 2010, 2011, na 2012. Gender Links haziri nzukọ ndị a, otu nzukọ nke Kimaryo jere ozi dị ka osote onyeisi oche, ma bu n'uche ịmepụta mkparịta ụka n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị n'otú e si enweta nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị.[26] O kwuru okwu na nzukọ Rwanda Women Leaders Network na 2015 banyere ịzụlite idu ndú ụmụ nwanyị na nkà ntụziaka iji nye ha ohere ndị ọzọ ma gbochie enweghị ọrụ.[27] N'afọ 2017, Kimaryo guzobere Maadili Leadership Solutions iji kwalite mmepe nke omume dị mma maka uche na ahụ. [2] Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ekwu okwu na nzukọ ndị dị ka 2019 Pan Africa Women CEO Forum, na 2020 Woman of Influence Empowerment Conference, ha abụọ emere na Dar es Salaam. [28][29] Ozi ya bụ ịgba ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha kwado ọdịmma nke ha na ọrụ ha na ọrụ ndụ ha.[28][29]

Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ

• Tuluhungwa (1978). Popular Participation and Basic Services: Tanzania Experience. Nairobi, Kenya: UNICEF. OCLC 7282590. 
• Kimaryo (1983). Women and Reproduction: The Tanzanian Experience. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: UNICEF. OCLC 428102948. 
• Hilsum (1993). in Kimyaro: The State of South Africa's Children: An Agenda for Action. Johannesburg, South Africa: UNICEF. ISBN 978-0-620-17695-8. 
• (2004) in Kimaryo: Turning a Crisis into an Opportunity: Strategies for Scaling Up the National Response to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic in Lesotho. New Rochelle, New York: Third Press Publishers. ISBN 978-0-89388-236-5.