Shadrach Minkins

Mgbasa ozi maka ire Shadrach Minkins, 1849

Ihe ngosi nke Eprel 24, 1851 na-adọ "ndị nwere àgwà nke Boston" aka ná ntị banyere ndị uwe ojii na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-ejide ohu, dịka Iwu Fugitive Slave Act nke 1850 si dịIwu Ohu Ndị Na-agba ọsọ nke 1850

Shadrach Minkins (ihe dị ka 1814 - Disemba 13, 1875) bụ ohu Africa-America gbapụrụ na Virginia nke gbapụrụ na 1850 wee rute Boston. O jikwa aha nzuzo Frederick Wilkins na Frederick Jenkins mee ihe. A maara ya na a tọhapụrụ ya n'ụlọ ikpe dị na Boston mgbe ndị agha United States jidere ya n'okpuru Iwu Fugitive Slave Act nke 1850. Ndị òtù Boston Vigilance Committee tọhapụrụ ya ma zoo ya, na-enyere ya aka iji ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị n'okpuru ala gaa Canada.  Minkins biri na Montreal, bụ́ ebe ọ zụlitere ezinụlọ.  A gbara ụmụ nwoke abụọ akwụkwọ na Boston maka inye aka ịtọhapụ ya, mana ndị juri tọhapụrụ ha.

ndụ mbido

A mụrụ Minkins n'ịbụ ohu banyere 1817 na Norfolk, Virginia.

Ịgbapụ na ijide

Ọ gbapụrụ na ịgba ohu mgbe ọ dị afọ 33 na Mee 1850 wee ruo Boston, Massachusetts, ebe ọ ghọrọ onye nlekọta.[1] N'afọ ahụ ka e mesịrị, Congress nyere iwu Fugitive Slave Act, bụ nke nyere ndị ọrụ gọọmenti etiti ohere ijide ndị ohu gbapụrụ agbapụ bi na steeti ndị nweere onwe ha ma weghachite ha n'aka ndị nwe ha. Ọ chọrọ ka ndị mmanye iwu na steeti niile gbakọọ aka n'ịmanye iwu gọọmenti etiti a.

Ndị United States marshals, ndị mere ka ndị ahịa na Taft's Cornhill Coffee House ebe Minkins na-arụ ọrụ, jidere ya na Febụwarị 15, 1851.

Ihe odide habeas corpus

A kpọgara Minkins n'ụlọ ikpe gọọmentị etiti nke Boston. Ndị ọka iwu, gụnyere Samuel E. Sewall, Ellis Gray Loring, Robert Morris na Richard Henry Dana Jr., nyere ọrụ ha iji chebe Minkins. N'ịchọ ka a tọhapụ Minkins n'aka ndị uwe ojii, ha tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa maka akwụkwọ habeas corpus na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, nke Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw jụrụ.

Edward G. Walker, Robert Morris, na Lewis Hayden jikọrọ aka nweta ntọhapụ Shadrach. Otu ìgwè ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, nke Hayden du, banyere n'ụlọ ikpe ma jiri ike were Minkins n'aka ndị marshals. A kọwawo otu a n'ụzọ dị iche iche dị ka "ndị na-eme ihe ike nke Africa-American";[1] "otu ndị nwoke isi ojii iwe iwe";[2] "otu ndị isi ojii Boston"[3] na "otu ndị ojii na ndị ọcha."Otu onye akaebe mechara kọwaa ndị ikom ahụ dị ka ndị "na-eme ka ihu ha dịtụ nro site n'ịkwado ntutu isi ha n'ihu, na-agbachikwa uwe elu gburugburu ntì ha."Ewezuga ole na ole, dị ka Gary Lee Collison si kwuo, ndị ọcha na Kọmitii Vigilance Boston na-akpachapụ anya karịa ndị isi ojii, na-ahọrọ ịnye enyemaka iwu na ego, ebe ndị isi ojii dị njikere iji ike mee ihe.

Ezochiri Minkins n'ụlọ elu dị na Beacon Hill. Ọ gbanarị Massachusetts site n'enyemaka nke John J. Smith, Lewis Hayden na ndị ọzọ. E boro ndị ọrụ mkpochapụ itoolu ikpe n'okwu ahụ, ma a kagburu ebubo ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ahụ. A mara Morris na Hayden ikpe ma tọhapụ ya.

• 
  Richard Henry Dana Jr., attorney and author of the novel Two Years Before the Mast, represented many fugitive African Americans fighting against being returned to slavery. He refused any fee for his work; in later years he remarked that defending fugitive slaves represented the "one great act" of his life.
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  Portrait of Lewis Hayden, 19th century, a member of the Boston Vigilance Committee and a conductor on the Underground Railroad
• 
  Edward Garrison Walker, an abolitionist who collaborated in freeing Minkins from custody.

Ule ndị si na ya pụta

Nnapụta nke Minkins wetara oku maka Onye isi ala Millard Fillmore iji ndị agha gọọmentị etiti nyere ndị marshals aka itinye iwu Fugitive Slave Law n'ọrụ. Fillmore ji nlezianya kpọkuo ụmụ amaala Boston ka ha kwanyere iwu ugwu ma nyere aka na iweghachi Minkins. Fillmore nyere iwu ka a kpụpụ ndị nnapụta Minkins. John P. Hale jere ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na-agbachitere ya na ikpe ndị ahụ. Ihe omume a na steeti ya mere ka ihere dị ukwuu ka odeakwụkwọ nke steeti Daniel Webster, onye nwere olileanya ịbụ onye isi ala na 1852 site na nkwado ndịda.

• 
  John P. Hale, attorney
• 
  Secretary of State, Daniel Webster
• 
  President Millard Fillmore

Canada

Site na Boston, ndị na-eme ihe ike nyeere Minkins aka iru Canada site na nkwụsị n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko dị n'okpuru ala. O biri na Montreal, na ngalaba nke obodo a maara dị ka Old Montreal. N'ebe ahụ, ọ malitere ibi ndụ dị ka onye na-eri nri, na-arụkwa ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nke ya na, n'ikpeazụ, dị ka onye na-akpụ isi.

Ọ lụrụ di na 1853 ma ọ bụ 1854.

Minkins nwụrụ na Montreal na Disemba 1875. E liri ya n'ili na-enweghị akara n'akụkụ ụmụ ya abụọ na Mount Royal Cemetery .

Ihe Nketa

Top Eye Open, egwuregwu 2016 nke Dillon Bustin, na-eme ihe nkiri akụkọ Shadrach Minkins.

Na Ọktoba 17, 2023, ndị enyi nke Mount Royal Cemetery kpughere ihe ncheta ya.

Hụkwa

• Ndepụta nke ndị ohu
• Òtù Nnwere Onwe nke New England
• Ndị Na-eche Massasoit nche

Akwụkwọ

• Collison (1998). Shadrach Minkins: From Fugitive Slave to Citizen. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-80299-3. 
• Gienapp (1993). "Abolitionism and the Nature of Antebellum Reform", Courage and Conscience: Black & White Abolitionists in Boston. Indiana University Press, 75–100. ISBN 0-253-20793-2. 
• Hall (1993). "Massachusetts Abolitionists Document the Slave Experience", Courage and Conscience: Black & White Abolitionists in Boston. Indiana University Press, 21–46. ISBN 0-253-20793-2. 

Njikọ mpụga

• Shadrach MinkinsnaChọta Ili