Stieng
Stieng ( , Vietnamese: Xtiêng, Khmer: ស្ទៀង) bụ asụsụ ndị Stieng nke ndịda Vietnam na mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ Cambodia. Tinyere Chrau na Mnong, Stieng bụ nkewa dị ka asụsụ nke otu South Bahnaric nke asụsụ Mon-Khmer n'ime ezinụlọ asụsụ Austroasiatic. N'ime atụmatụ Austroasiatic, a na-akpọkarị asụsụ Bahnaric dị ka ihe jikọrọ ya na asụsụ Khmer.
.E nwere olumba Stieng a ma ama, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike ọ gaghị aghọta nke ọma. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi enweghị nnyocha dị ukwuu, isiokwu a ga-akọwakarị olumba a maara dị ka Bulo Stieng nke a na-asụ na ógbè Bình Phước, Lâm Đồng, Tây Ninh na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Vietnam na Kratié (Mpaghara Snuol) na ógbè Mondulkiri na mpaghara ndị dị nso na ọwụwa anyanwụ Cambodia.[1][2] A na-asụ Bulo Stieng n'ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ karịa n'ugwu na oke ọhịa yana onye ikwu ya, Mnong. A na-asụ olumba ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Bu Dek na Bu Biek, n'ala dị larịị ma na-egosipụta mmetụta karịa site na Vietnamese
N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Mon-Khmer, Stieng anaghị eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti àgwà olu, ọ bụghịkwa asụsụ ụda dị ka Vietnamese. Okwu nwere ike ịbụ monosyllabic ma ọ bụ Sesquisyllabic.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Haupers (1969) na-enyocha Stieng dị ka onye nwere ụdaume ụdaume iri abụọ na ise nwere ọdịiche atọ nke ụdaume, nke a na-ekwughị okwu ya na nke a na'ihu ya na ọchịchọ a kọwara dị ka ụyọkọ ụdaume nke na-agụnye ihe dị mfe (ya bụ, ọ bụghị nke a na na-ebu ụzọ ya) na-akwụsị gbakwunyere /h/ . Nnyocha nke gụnyere usoro aspirated dị ka phonemes onwe ha na-ewepụta ụdaume 33 na ọdịiche ụzọ ise.
| Bilabial | Ezé ezé | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Enweghị olu | p | t | c | k | ʔ | |
| Onye na-enweghị ụda | pʰ | tʰ | cʰ | kʰ | |||
| Nkwupụta | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | |||
| A na-ekwu okwu | bʱ | dʱ | ɟʱ | ɡʱ | |||
| N'oge a na-etinye ya n'ime ya | ʔb | ʔd | |||||
| Ụgbọ imi | Nkwupụta | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| N'oge a na-eme ya | ʔm | ʔn | |||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | Enweghị olu | s | (nke a na-akpọ "ç") | h | |||
| Ihe atụ | Nkwupụta | w | l | r (ɾ) | j | ||
| N'oge a na-eme ya | ʔl | ʔj | |||||
A na-ewepụta ụdaume ndị na-apụta na coda syllable ma ghara ịpụta. Maka ọnụọgụ alveolar, a na-ahụ [r] n'efu na [ɾ]. Nkwupụta na-enweghị olu [ç] na-apụta naanị na syllable coda dị ka allophone na-agbakwunye nke [s].
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]The Stieng vowel system consists of fifteen monophthongs and two diphthongs. In addition to vowel quality, quantitative length (duration) is also phonemic for vowels other than [ɛ] ([æ]) in closed syllables. The vowel [ɛ] ([æ]) is short before h and long elsewhere. This lack of minimal pairs for [ɛ] ([æ]) and [ɛː] ([æː]) suggests that [ɛ], [æ], [ɛː] and [æː] are all allophones.
| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dị mkpirikpi | ogologo oge | dị mkpirikpi | ogologo oge | dị mkpirikpi | ogologo oge | |
| N'akụkụ | i | iə̯ | ɨ | ɨː | u | uː uə̯ |
| N'etiti etiti | e (ɪ) | eː (ɪː) | oː | |||
| N'etiti oghere | ɛ (æ) | ɛː (æː) | ʌː | ɔː | ||
| Emeghe | a | aː | ɑ | |||
Ihe nnọchianya ndị dị n'ime oghere na-anọchite anya ọdịiche dị iche iche.