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The origin of the Snow White tale

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"Snow White" bụ akụkọ akụkọ German mara n'ọtụtụ akụkụ ụwa.  Enwere arụmụka banyere mmalite akụkọ ahụ, mana ọ nwere ike ịbụ ngwakọta nke akụkọ ndị ọzọ, ọ nwere mmalite akụkọ ifo, ma ọ bụ onye sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ.  Ọ bụ usoro iji hazie fọm 709 nke Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index..

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Brothers Grimm bipụtara Snow White na 1812 na mbipụta mbụ nke mkpokọta Grimms' Fairy Tales.  Akpọrọ ya aha na (n'ọsọ ọgbara ọhụrụ Schneewittchen) wee gụọ ya dị ka Akụkọ 53. Ha dechara nlegharị anya ikpeazụ nke akụkọ ahụ na 1854..

Dị ka Christine Shojaei Kawan si kwuo, akụkọ Grimms jikọtara akụkọ nke opekata mpe atọ dị iche iche: enyi Marie Hassenpflug na ndị nchịkọta Ferdinand Siebert na Heinrich Leopold Stein.  Ndị Grimm makwaara ụdị German asatọ ọzọ.  Echiche mbụ nke Snow White bụ ihe okike mbụ nke Grimms na obere Ferdinand.  Agbanyeghị, saịtị ahụ gosipụtara ịdị adị nke mbipụta nke mbụ bụ “Richilde”, ntụgharị Johann Karl August Musäus nke 1782..[1]

Ụfọdụ n'ime akụkọ mbụ e dekọrọ nwere akụkụ nke akụkọ Snow White, dị ka "Ohu na-eto eto" Malayalam Bidasari nke Italy.".

Echiche

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Njikọ

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Dabere na Ernst Böklen's 1915 Schneewittchenstudien, ndị na-akọ akụkọ banyere akụkọ Snow White (ụdị akụkọ ahụ gbatịrị agbatị, ATU 709) gosipụtara nchikota nke ihe sitere na akụkọ ndị ọzọ: [1] ụmụaka nọ n'oké ọhịa (ATU 327, "Ụmụ Ogre" ma ọ bụ "Hansel na Gretel");  onye dike a Ốể nụra miri emi (ATU 410, "Sleeping Beauty");  ụmụnne nwanyị (ATU, Otu-anya, Otu) ".[2]

Onye na-akọ akụkọ Joseph Jacobs, nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Fairy nke Europe, na-akọwa na "Snow White" yiri akụkọ ifo ndị ọzọ metụtara ya.[1]  Ọkammụta Sigrid Schmidt bịarutere nkwubi okwu yiri nke ahụ gbasara akụkọ ahụ mgbe o lechara anya n'iche dị n'etiti Europe na Africa..[3]

Ihe ndị yiri ya n'akụkọ ifo

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Ọkammụta Graham Anderson ekwuola na akụkọ Snow White sitere na akụkọ ifo oge ochie wee jiri ya tụnyere akụkọ ifo ndị Rom nke Chione na Ovid's Metamorphoses.  Aha Chione pụtara "Snow" na Grik, dịka akụkọ si kwuo, a kọwara ya dị ka nwanyị kachasị mma n'ụwa, ịma mma nke Apollo na Mercury hụrụ.  Mercury were naanị caduceus wee buru ya n'ala.  Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Apollo, onye bụ nkịta, bịara n'ụlọ ya wee pụọ ọzọ.  Chione mara mma n'ihu ọha karịa Diana, Diana bụkwa ezigbo nwanyị..[4]

Ihe mere e ji kpata ya

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Ọtụtụ obodo Jamanị na-ekwu na akụkọ ifo a si malite bụ akụkụ nke mkpọsa ndị njem nlegharị anya.  N'afọ 2009, ndị kasị arụ ọrụ nke ndị a maara dị ka Bad Wildungen nke Lohr bụ Main.  Obodo abụọ a bụ saịtị ama ama maka ijikọ akụkọ ifo nke ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme obodo, ya bụ, Countess Margaretha von Waldeck na narị afọ nke isii na Baroness Maria Sophia von Erthal na narị afọ nke asatọ..[5]

Margaretha von Waldeck

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Na 1994, Schneewittchen: Märchen oder Wahrheit?  (Snow White: Akụkọ ifo ka ọ bụ Ezi Akụkọ?), ekpughere m akụkọ ahụ nwere ike kpalite akụkọ ifo Grimms.  Mgbe onye ndu njem Bergfreiheit na dwarves gasịrị, Sander malitere igosi na Snow White malitere na mpaghara ahụ.[1]  Dị ka Sander si kwuo, àgwà nke Snow White dabeere na ndụ Margaretha von Waldeck, ada Philip nke Anō, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1493-1574) site na nwunye mbụ ya, Countess Margaret Cirksena nke Ostfriesland (1500-1537), ada Edzard nke mbụ, Count of East Frisia.  Were obodo Bad Wildungen wee sị, "Amaghị m ihe m ga-eme gị.".

Na 1539, Margaretha nwere nwa nwanyị, Katharina von Hatzfeld (1510-1546).  Ikekwe n'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, Margaretha kwagara Weilburg, a zụlitekwara ya nso n'obí Philip, Count of Nassau-Weilburg.  N'afọ 1545, ọ ghọrọ Siebengebirge ("ugwu asaa") na ọgọ ya nwoke Johann Cirksena (1506-1572) nke Valkenburg Castle, na Limburg, Netherlands.[1]  Na 1549, akwagara m n’ụlọikpe Brussels nke Mary nke Hungary, onye ọchịchị Habsburg Netherlands na nwanne Charles V, Eze Ukwu Rom Dị Nsọ.  Ọnụnọ Margaretha n'ụlọ ikpe ahụ bụ ime ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti eze na eze dịkwuo mma, e nyere ya ohere ịhapụ Philip I, Landgrave nke Hesse, onye a tụrụ mkpọrọ na Brussels maka ọrụ Agha Schmalkaldic..

N'iche ikpe, ọtụtụ ndị ikom ikom nọ n'okpuru dị elu na-achọ nlebara anya Margaretha, kpọọ Lamoral, Count of Egmont.  Crown Prince Filip, nwa Charles V, rutere n' nwanne nne ya n'afọ 1549. A kọrọ na ọ chụrụ Margaretha n'ime ụnwa ụnyaahụ na ole ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ bụ ihe na-egosi ike, ebe ọ bụ onye Lutheran.[1]  Akwụkwọ ozi atọ dị ndụ site n'aka Margaretha nye nna ya na-egosi na ntọala ya na-Beta n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ ma ọ dị afọ 21 na Machị 1554.[2]  Akụkọ kwuru na ọ bụ ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ya.  Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị ka Snow White, nne nne Margaretha ike ike ike aka ebe ọ bụ na-egosi nke abụọ nke nna ya gburu na 1546 ma ọ ngosi di ọzọ n'ọnọkọba 1554.

Nna Margaretha nwere ọtụtụ ebe a na-egwupụta ọla kọpa.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrụ ọrụ, Sander tụkwara aro na ndị dwarf asaa a ma ama sitere n'ike ngosi nsso na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe.  Sander ebe obibi nke ndị dwarf asaa na obodo ochie na-egwupụta ọla kọpa Bergfreiheit, ugbu a bụ mpaghara nke Bad Wildungen nke na-akpọ onwe ya Schneewittchendorf (Snow White Village) dị ka ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ njem ya.  Dị ka ndị dwarfs nke ndị na-eso, na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ na-ebi n'ìgwè buru ibu (ihe dị ka 20) n'otu ụlọ.

Sander kwuru na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'akụkọ ifo ahụ sitere na akụkọ ọdịnala obodo na ndị ezinụlọ Margaretha dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ajọ nne ahụ yiri mmekọrịta nke nwanne nwanyị Margaretha na nwa nwanne ya nwanyị, agbamakwụkwọ Snow White yiri agbamakwụkwọ nke nwa nwanne Margaretha. Ma nwa nwanne Margaretha ma nwunye nwa ya nwere aha ya.[6]

Maria Sophia von Erthal

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Ihe oyiyi Lohr am Main nke Snow White

Karlheinz Bartels, onye na-ere ọgwụ na Lohr am Main na ọdịda anyanwụ Bavaria, na-enwe mmasị ilekọta ndị enyi ya na-ezute mgbe niile na ụlọ mmanya dị n'ógbè ahụ.  Ọ bụ aghụghọ ahụ kpaliri m ịchọpụta ihe na-akpali ndụ Hansel na Gretel, wee mepụta echiche ọchị nke Snow White bụ Maria Sophia Margarethe Catharina, Baroness von und zu Erthal, amụrụ na Lohr na 25 June 1725.[1] [2]  Nna m, Philipp Christoph von und zu Erthal, bụ onye nnọchite anya onye isi ntuli aka nke Mainz.[3]  Ke ini eka mi Maria Sophia akakpade ke 1738, ete mi ama ọdọ ndọ ke 1743.

N'afọ 1992, onye nkuzi ibe Bartels na onye isi ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Werner Loibl nyochara akwụkwọ ozi dị ndụ site n'aka nne nne, Claudia Elisabeth von Reichenstein, nke kpughere na ọ zara akwụkwọ ozi Philipp Christoph ma mee mkpebi dị mkpa mgbe ọ na-aga mba ọzọ. Dabere na nke a, Loibl kwupụtara na ọ na-achịkwa ma na-enwe mmasị n'ụmụ ya site na alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya. Ọzọkwa na 1992, Loibl kpughere ihe ngosi nke Snow White na Spessart Museum na Lohr Castle (nke Philipp Christoph nwere). [7]

A na-ekwu na enyo ndị e mere na Lohr na-ekwu eziokwu mgbe niile n'ihi ogo ha dị elu na elu ha dị nro nke doro anya n'oge ahụ.  Lohr Castle bụ ebe obibi nke otu enyo dị otú ahụ n'oge nne Maria Sophia bi n'ebe ahụ.  Ndị na-akwado echiche ahụ jiri ya were Magic Mirror na "Snow White".  Ọ bụ Mirror Manufacture nke Electorate nke Mainz na Lohr wuru ya, ọ pụta ịbụ na ọ nọ n'ihe ahụ dị ka 1719. A ka nwere ike ile ya anya n'ebe ahụ taa..[8]

A na-ejikọkwa ndị dwarfs na akụkọ Maria na obodo na-egwupụta ihe, Bieber, nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Lohr ma nọrọ n'etiti ugwu asaa. Ọ bụ naanị ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala dị mkpirikpi, bụ ndị na-eyikarị okpu na-egbuke egbuke, dịka a na-egosikarị ndị dwarfs kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. Ìgwè ọmụmụ Lohr na-ekwusi ike na igbe ozu nwere ike ijikọta ya na ụlọ ọrụ ugegbe a ma ama n'ógbè ahụ, ebe apụl nwere nsí nwere nsí na-egbu egbu nke na-eto n'ụba na Lohr.[9]

Nkatọ nke echiche akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị onye ọkà mmụta siri ike kwenyere na echiche Sander ma ọ bụ Bartels. Dị ka Prọfesọ Donald Haase kwuru, "E nweela mgbalị ole na ole iji gosipụta na akụkọ Snow White dabeere na ọdịnihu nke onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, mana ha bụ ịkọ nkọ ma ọ bụghị ihe doro anya". [10]

A na-ewere echiche Bartels dịka ihe ọchị.[1]  Ruth Bottigheimer map na a njị Maria Sophia von Erthal n'azụ oge iji nwee ike dị ukwuu n'okpuru ifo ahụ, na ihe ndị dị ka igbe ozu na- na akwụkwọ site na Janar awụ nke na asaa.[10]

Hụkwa

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  • Eziokwu Banyere Hansel na Gretel

Ihe odide

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  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
  1. ↑ Kawan (2005–2006). "Innovation, Persistence and Self-Correction: The Case of Snow White". Estudos de Literatura Oral 11–12: 239. 
  2. ↑ Goldberg (1993). "Review of Steven Swann Jones: The New Comparative Method: Structural and Symbolic Analysis of the Allomotifs of 'Snow White'". The Journal of American Folklore 106 (419): 104. DOI:10.2307/541351. 
  3. ↑ Schmidt (December 2008). "Snow White in Africa". Fabula 49 (3–4): 268–287. DOI:10.1515/FABL.2008.021. 
  4. ↑ Anderson (2000). Fairytale in the ancient world. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-23702-4. Retrieved on 4 April 2017. 
  5. ↑ Lauer (2009). "Wem gehört 'Schneewittchen'?: Ein Beitrag zur Verortung von Märchenstoffen und zur Herausbildung von Stereotypen". Hessische Blätter für Volks- und Kulturforschung 44: 390–425. 
  6. ↑ Sander (1994). Schneewittchen: Märchen oder Wahrheit? : ein lokaler Bezug zum Kellerwald. 
  7. ↑ Möhler. "Schneewittchen nach Vierteljahrhundert noch gefragt", Main-Echo, June 3, 2015. Retrieved on June 26, 2022.
  8. ↑ Wolfgang (2015). "Das 'Lohrer Schneewittchen': Zur Fabulologie eines Märchens". Paremiology, Folklore, Language, and Literature: 491–503. 
  9. ↑ Bartels (1990). Schneewittchen – Zur Fabulologie Des Spessarts. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Stewart. "Snow White becomes a girl-power icon", The New York Post, 25 March 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
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