Thomas Smith (diplomat)

Sir Thomas bụ onye ghọrọ onye Protestant n'oge mbụ, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama mgbe Edward VI bịara n'ocheeze.  N'oge nchekwa nke Edward Seymour, 1st Duke nke Somerset, ọ banyere ndụ ọha na eze na e mere Secretary nke State, na e zigara na mkpa diplomatic ozi na Brussels.  N'afọ 1548, a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ.  Mgbe eze nwanyị Mary nke Mbụ tụfuru ụlọ ọrụ ya niile, mana n'oge ọchịchị nwanne ya nwanyị, Elizabeth nke Mbụ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ihe gbasara ọha..

Ihe osise nke Sir Thomas Smith nke narị afọ nke 19.

Sir Thomas Smith (23 Disemba 1513 - 12 Ọgọst 1577) bụ onye ọkà mmụta Bekee, onye omeiwu na onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ. 

Oge ọ malitere

A mụrụ ya na Saffron Walden na Essex, Smith bụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke John Smith nke Walden site na Agnes, nwa nwanyị nke John Charnock nke Lancashire. A na-ekwu na ndị Smith nke Essex bụ ụmụ Sir Roger de Clarendon, nwa amuma nke Black Prince. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Queens' College, Cambridge, ebe ọ ghọrọ Fellow na 1530, ma, na 1533, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ prọfesọ. Ọ kụziri ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ gbasara nkà ihe ọmụma okike, na Grik na kọleji nke ya. N'afọ 1540, Smith gara mba ọzọ, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na France na Ịtali ma nweta akara ugo mmụta na Mahadum nke Padua, ọ laghachiri Cambridge n'afọ 1542.[2]

He took the lead in the reform of the pronunciation of Greek, his views being universally adopted after considerable controversy. He and his friend, Sir John Cheke, were the great classical scholars of the time in England. In January 1543/44 he was appointed the first Regius Professor of Civil Law. He was vice-chancellor of the university the same year. In 1547, he became Provost of Eton College and Dean of Carlisle Cathedral.

Sir Thomas was an early convert to Protestantism, which brought him into prominence when Edward VI came to the throne. During the protectorate of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, he entered public life and was made the Secretary of State, and was sent on an important diplomatic mission to Brussels. In 1548, he was knighted. On the accession of Queen Mary I he lost all his offices, but in the reign of her sister, Elizabeth I, he was prominently employed in public affairs.

E weghachiri ya dị ka onye omeiwu maka Liverpool na 1559. O doro anya na ọ kwadoro nkwekọrịta okpukpe na Confessions of Westminster (1560), na-anọdụ na kọmitii abụọ nke nyocha. Mgbe onye ọkachamara na-ahụ maka nwa Eze Sweden na-eleta Westminster, e zigara ya na 1562 dị ka onye nnọchi anya na France dị ka onye na-apụta na nkwurịta okwu; ọ nọgidere na France site na Septemba 1562 na onye nnọchianya nwere ahụmahụ Sir Nicholas Throckmorton.[2] 

Smith bịara na Throckmorton n'ihi ọdịiche dị n'etiti àgwà na iwu. O si France lọta n'ụzọ ihere mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1566. Ka o sina dị, Smith nọgidere bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ndụmọdụ Protestant Elizabeth tụkwasịrị obi.[2] Ọ bụ enyi Sir William Cecil ogologo oge. N'ịbụ onye a họpụtara dị ka Lord Burghley, Cecil họpụtara Smith na Kansụl Nzuzo, naanị otu ọnwa tupu a họpụta ya na Commons dị ka knight nke steeti maka Essex. Smith, onye isi na-akwalite iwu Conformity Bills, gbalịrị igbochi oke na inweta enyemaka site n'aka ndị otu ibe ya. Mana mgbe ọ tụrụ aro ka a jụọ ndị bishọp, onye Puritan William Fleetwood meriri atụmatụ ya. Dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nzuzo, o nwere mmetụta n'ọtụtụ kọmitii. Ọ kwuru okwu na Treason Bill n'ala ụlọ ahụ, ma nyochaa ndị akaebe maka atụmatụ ndị Katọlik nke Duke nke Norfolk duziri. A maara ya dị ka onye na-akwado nnupụisi okpukpe maka ịta ahụhụ. Ọrụ ya pụrụ iche mere ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ọchịchị: na 1572 a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Chancellor of the Order of the Garter na July, onye isi odeakwụkwọ.

N'afọ 1572, Smith gara France ọzọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nwa oge, wee gaa oriri ndị e mere mgbe Lord Clinton rutere. Smith, Clinton, na Francis Walsingham nwere ndị na-ege ntị na Catherine de 'Medici na Madrid Palace (mgbe ọ nọ n'àkwà) na Charles IX nke France gosiri ha ogige ya na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ya na Tuileries Palace.

Mpaghara na-akụ afọ n'ala na Ireland

N'afọ 1571, Elizabeth nke Mbụ nyere Smith 360,000 acres (150,000 hectare) nke East Ulster. A ga-eji ala ndị ahụ kụọ ndị bi na England na mgbalị ịchịkwa mpaghara ndị Clandeboye O'Neill na-azọrọ ma si otú a chịkwaa ụmụ amaala Irish. Onyinye ahụ gụnyere mpaghara niile a maara taa dị ka North Down na Ards, ma e wezụga nsọtụ ndịda nke ala mmiri Ards nke ezinụlọ Anglo-Norman Savage na-achịkwa.   

N'ụzọ dị mwute maka Smith, onye isi Clandeboye O'Neill, Sir Brian MacPhelim, gụrụ akwụkwọ nta o bipụtara iji kpọsaa ala ọhụrụ ya, onye Elizabeth mere knight naanị afọ ole na ole tupu mgbe ahụ. N'ịbụ onye iwe ji n'ihe ọ hụrụ dị ka "ịdị nwayọọ" ya n'ịhazi na nzuzo maka ịchịkwa mpaghara ndị O'Neill kwuru, ọ gbara nnukwu ụlọ niile dị n'ógbè ahụ ọkụ. Ndị nwe ya jụrụ, mana ha enweghị ike ime ihe ọ bụla. Nke a mere ka o sie ike ka ubi ahụ jide. Mgbe ahụ, na-awakpo ndị bi na mbụ n'England mgbe ha rutere, ndị O'Neill gbara ala Smith ga-emepe emepe ọkụ, na-ere ebe obibi ndị mọnk, ebe obibi ndị minista na ụlọ ụka, ma na-ahapụ Clandeboye " kpamkpam na-enweghị ndị bi na ya".

Alụmdi na nwunye na ndị nketa

Peeji isiokwu nke mbipụta 1609 nke ọrụ Smith

Smith ụmụ site n'alụmdi na nkwupụta ọ slo, ọ bụ ebe na o nwere otu nwa nwoke amuma aha ya bụ Thomas, onye e gburugburu n'oge Ards.  Ndị nketa ya bụ nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, George, na nwa George, Sir William Smith (nwụrụ na 12 Disemba 1626) nke Theydon Mount, Essex.[1]  Nwa Sir William Smith, Frances Smith, ngosi Sir Matthew Brend, onye nwe ala ebe e wuru Globe Theaters nke mbụ na nke abụọ.[2]  A nkọwa Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, n'ihe Smith ma ọ bụ ya le enyere onye.

Smith hapụrụ akwụkwọ ya na Queen's College, Cambridge, ma e wezụga mpịakọta ole na ole o nyere onye isi nke Theydon Mount. O mere ndokwa maka ịrụcha ụlọ Hill Hall na testament ya, na ihe ncheta maka onwe ya na nwunye ya (nke Richard Kyrbie chepụtara). Will Lady Phillipa Smith na-akọwa ụfọdụ n'ime arịa ụlọ nke Hill Hall.

Ọrụ

Sir Thomas Smith's book De Republica Anglorum: the Maner of Gouernement or Policie of the Realme of England, written between 1562 and 1565, was first published in 1583. In it, he described England as a mixed government and a commonwealth, and stated that all commonwealths are of mixed character.

Smith dekwara De recta & emendata lingvæ Anglicæ scriptione, dialogus (Ezigbo na Improved English Writing, Dialogue, 1568). [16]

Akwụkwọ

• . 
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• Collins, Arthur (1741), The English Baronetage, Mpịakọta. III, Part I, London: Thomas Wotton, p. 344, nke e nwetara na 18 Eprel 2013. 
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Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

 

• John Strype (1820), Ndụ nke Sir Thomas Smith, Kt. D.C.L. Onye isi odeakwụkwọ nke Eze Edward nke Isii, na Eze Nwanyị Elizabeth. N'ebe a na-achọpụta ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche metụtara ọnọdụ mmụta, mgbanwe nke okpukpe, na azụmahịa nke alaeze ahụ, n'oge oge ya. In All which he had a Great and Happy Influence (ọhụrụ ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, OCLC 15137519.