Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic
| Hulaulá Templeeti:Infobox Language/pronunciation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Iran, Iraq | |
| Total speakers: | Templeeti:Sigfig | |
| Language family: | Tafrusyawit Semitic Central Semitic Northwest Semitic Aramaic Hulaulá | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | huy | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic,a makwaara ya dị ka Hulaulá (nke pụtara 'ndị Juu') , bụ otu ìgwè asụsụ ndị yiri ya nke Northeastern Neo-Aramaic nke ndị Juu na-asụbu na mbụ na Kurdistan nke Iran na Kurdistan nke Iraq kachasị ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ bi ugbu a na Israel.
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị na-asụ asụsụ na-akpọ asụsụ ha Lishana Noshan ma ọ bụ Lishana Akhni mgbe ụfọdụ, ha abụọ pụtara 'asụsụ anyị'. Iji mata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke ndị Juu Neo-Aramaic, a na-akpọ Hulaulá Galiglu mgbe ụfọdụ ('nke m'), na-egosi ojiji dị iche iche nke okwu mmalite na okwu mgbakwunye aha. Ndị ọkà mmụta na-akpọkarị ya Kurdistani Jewish Neo-Aramaic
N'ihe gbasara nkewa dị n'ime Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic, Mutzafi (2008) na-atụ aro nkewa ụzọ atọ dabere na ụdị dị iche iche nke ezigbo copula ugbu a:
- Western Trans-Zab (Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic), gụnyere ụyọkọ asụsụ dị na Arbel
- North Eastern Trans-Zab (Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmi), gụnyere ụyọkọ asụsụ dị na Urmi na mpaghara Irani na .Turkish ndị gbara ya gburugburu
- Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Trans-Zab (gụnyere Sanandaj Jewish Neo-Aramaic), na Iran Kurdistan na mpaghara ndịda, yana obodo Iraq Sulemaniyya, Halabja, Penjwin na Khanaqin.[1]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọgba aghara na mpaghara ọdịnala ha mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ na ntọala nke steeti Israel mere ka ọtụtụ Ndị Juu Peshia biri n'ala nna ọhụrụ ahụ na mbido afọ 1950. Ọtụtụ ndị okenye ka nwere Kurdish dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ, ebe ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto nwere Hibru. Hulaulá bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị n'ime asụsụ Neo-Aramaic ndị Juu niile, nke nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụrụ ya 10,000. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ha niile bi na Israel, ebe ole na ole fọdụrụ na Iran, na ụfọdụ na United States.
Hulaulá nwere ike ịghọta ya na asụsụ ndị Juu Neo-Aramaic nke Urmia (na Iran Azerbaijan n'ozuzu ya). Ọ dịkwa mfe nghọta na onye agbata obi ya dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta na asụsụ Christian Neo-Aramaic nke Senaya. Ndị Kraịst na ndị Juu na-asụ asụsụ Neo-Aramaic dị iche iche n'otu mpaghara ahụ. Dị ka asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke ndị Juu na Aramaic, a na-akpọ Hulaulá mgbe ụfọdụ Targums(Aramaic_dialects)" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Targum (Aramaic dialects)">Targumic, n'ihi ọdịnala ogologo oge nke ịsụgharị Bible Hibru n'asụsụ Aramaic.
Mmetụta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ dị iche iche nke Hulaulá gbakọtara gburugburu ebe ndị Juu bi na mpaghara ahụ: obodo Sanandaj na Saqqez na Kurdistan Province, Iran, nwere ebe ndịda na Kerend, na ụyọkọ na obodo Iraq nke Sulaymaniyah. Hulaulá jupụtara na okwu ndị e si na Hibru, Akkadian, Persian, Ndị Kurdish.
Usoro ide ihe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]E dere Hulaulá na Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Hibru. Asụsụ na-abụkarị ụdaume nke ukwuu, a naghịkwa ede mkpụrụedemede ndị e wepụrụ.
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ozuzu, asụsụ Trans-Zab nwere ọtụtụ isoglosses, dị ka nrụgide ikpeazụ, dịka 'Gorah' "nwoke" vs. góra "ebe ọzọ", jikọtara interdentals /ṯ/ na /ḏ/ n'ime /l/, dịka Belá "ụlọ" (< *bayṯā) na ʾelá "ememme" (<*ʿeḏā), lexemes, dịka porturu "enyi abụ, usoro okwu a kapịrị ọnụ - gbazitere site na Gorani, na ngwaa ikpeazụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ asụsụ Trans-Zab yiri, Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic bụ ihe pụrụ iche na nsonaazụ ya doro anya, -aké. Enwere ike ịgbaziri é ikpeazụ site na -ake ma ọ bụ site na mkpirisi nke -aka-y na Sorani.[1]
Ụdị Trans-Zab niile bụ ngwaa ikpeazụ, usoro ahịrịokwu ya bụ SOV.[1]
Hulaulá na-egosipụta ọtụtụ ihe ọhụrụ nke phonological na morphosyntactic. Ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ ndị edepụtara n'okpuru ebe a:
- n'etiti ezé gaa n'akụkụ;
- dI na *Ọ na-aga na ụdaume dị n'akụkụ l, dịka ọ dị na *ʾidIa ̄Ita ̄ . *ʾila ̄la . ʾila ̄le ́ "aka"";
- interdental na alveolar shift;
- dI na *Ọ gbanwere gaa na d kama gaa na l, ọkachasị na nso nke alveolar sonorant l, r, ma ọ bụ n;
- interdental na h; ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ihe okwu na-agbanwe mgbe ọ na-esote r ma ọ bụ r (nke nwere ntụpọ n'okpuru);
- ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ihe ndị na-agbanwe mgbe ọ na-esote r ma ọ bụ r (nke nwere ntụpọ n'okpuru);
- penultimate na nrụgide kachasị elu; na usoro aha, a na-ebugharị nrụgide site na penultimates gaa na syllable kachasị elu. Nke a anaghị emetụta adverbs. Mgbanwe a nwere ike ịmalite site na mmekọrịta ya na ndị Kurdish na ndị Azerbaijan; ọ ga-ekwe omume na njirimara a mepụtara n'onwe ya n'asụsụ Trans-Zab dị iche iche, mana n'otu aka ahụ nwere ike ịbụ proto-Trans-Zab nke nwere njirimara a. Na,
- na usoro aha, a na-ebugharị nrụgide site na nke ikpeazụ gaa na nke ikpeazụ. Nke a anaghị emetụta adverbs. Mgbanwe a nwere ike ịmalite site na mmekọrịta ya na ndị Kurdish na ndị Azerbaijan; ọ ga-ekwe omume na njirimara a mepụtara n'onwe ya n'asụsụ Trans-Zab dị iche iche, mana n'otu aka ahụ nwere ike ịbụ proto-Trans-Zab nke nwere njirimara a. Na,
- w ruo f l__-ta;
- site na iji /t/ nke ụmụ nwanyị -ta, ụdaume /w/ gbanwere /f/. A na-ahụkarị nke a na aha ụmụ nwanyị na adjectives nke sitere na ụdị nwoke ochie. Ya mere, /w/ na /f/ na-egosipụta mgbanwe morphophonemic dabere na okike.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Aramaic
- Asụsụ Aramaic
- Asụsụ ndị Juu
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]QỊgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Heinrichs, Wolfhart (ed.) (1990). Ọmụmụ na Neo-Aramaic. Ndị ọkà mmụta Press: Atlanta, Georgia. ISBN 1-55540-430-8.
- Maclean, Arthur John (1895). Grammar nke olumba nke asụsụ Syriac: dị ka ndị East Syrian nke Kurdistan, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Persia, na Plain of Mosul na-asụ: na ọkwa nke asụsụ ndị Juu nke Azerbaijan na nke Zakhu dị nso na Mosul. Cambridge University Press, London.