Ursula Cowgill

Ursula Moser Cowgill (9 Ọktọba 1927 – 27 Ọktọba 2015) bụ onye sayensị na onye mmụta ọdịbendị nke rụrụ ọrụ na Mahadum Yale, Dow Chemical Company na Mahadum Colorado n'oge ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20. Ọrụ ya gụnyere ọmụmụ ihe banyere omume ugbo na Mesoamerica tupu Columbian, oge ọmụmụ n'ime ụmụ mmadụ, njikọ dị n'etiti ọdịbendị njikere ibughari na ọnwụ nwa, na ọrụ nwere ike nke selenium na belata ọnwụnwa site na AIDS. Ọzọkwa, ọ lekọtara pottos anọ maka ọtụtụ afọ ma bipụta usoro nke nlele banyere omume ha.

Cowgill nwetara PhD site na Mahadum Iowa State na 1956. Ka emechara, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyocha kemistri maka onye na-amụ ihe gbasara mmiri G. Evelyn Hutchinson. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ụfọdụ e bipụtara ọnụ na Hutchinson, pụtara na mmalite afọ 1960s.

Cowgill na-ebị na Colorado kemgbe afọ 2003. Na mgbakwunye na nchọpụta sayensị ya, ọ bụ onye ọrụ ọgụ maka American Civil Liberties Union.

Ọrụ

Ọrụ ugbo nke Maya

N'etiti 1961 na 1963, Cowgill na Hutchinson mere ọmụmụ gbasara ala na Petén Basin, Guatemala, na ebumnuche ịmụ banyere mmetụta usoro ugbo nke ọdịbendị Maya tupu-abia Kristi.[1] Nchọpụta ha kọrọ na usoro ikpụrụ nke ndị Maya emeela ka ala nwee ndi mmadu mkpa, nke pụtara na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ihe oriri n'ikpeazụ. Ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ ụfọdụ ejikọrọ oke ala a na-emebi emebi na ọdịda obodo ndị Maya na Petén mpaghara na narị afọ nke 10.

Mmekọahụ nwoke na nwanyị na ọnwụ ụmụaka

Nnyocha Cowgill banyere okike nwoke na nwanyị na ọnwụ ụmụaka gụnyere ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na England na nkọwa nke oge a na Guatemala. Site na iji ndekọ ọmụmụ na ọnwụ site na ndekọ ụka nke York n'etiti afọ 1538 na 1812, Cowgill chọpụtara na n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ahụ, ụmụ agbọghọ na ọkwa ọ bụla nke nwata na-anwụnụ na ọnụego ka elu karịa ụmụ nwoke nke otu afọ. Nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ na e nwere ụmụ nwoke 136 maka ụmụ nwanyị 100. Cowgill chere na nke a bụ akụkụ n'ihi na ụmụ agbọghọ nwere ike ịbụ ndị a na-akpa àgwà ọjọọ karịa, na akụkụ n'ihi na ụmụ nwoke na-enweta nri na nlekọta ka mma karịa ụmụ nwanyị.

Na Guatemala, Cowgill gụrụ otu obodo ndị obodo ebe oke mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị na-abawanye ngwa ngwa—178:100. Cowgill kwuru na ndị nne n'obodo a na-enye ụmụ nwoke ara ogologo oge karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na ha na-enye ha mmasị pụrụ iche ọbụlagodi mgbe ha kwụsịrị ịnara ara. Cowgill na Hutchinson kwuru na omume ịkpali mmekọahụ nke ụmụ agbọghọ ndị na-eto eto n'obodo a nwere ike ịbụ usoro mgbapụta ndụ.

Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

• Cowgill (1962). "An Apparent Lunar Periodicity in the Sexual Cycle of Certain Prosimians". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 48 (2): 238–41. DOI:10.1073/pnas.48.2.238. PMID 16590923. 
• Bajo de Santa Fe (ya na G.E. Hutchinson). Akwụkwọ, 1963.
• Cowgill (1963). "Sex-ratio in childhood and the depopulation of the Peten, Guatemala". Human Biology 35: 90–103. PMID 14023537. 
• Cowgill (1966). "Season of Birth in Man. Contemporary Situation with Special Reference to Europe and the Southern Hemisphere". Ecology 47 (4): 614–623. DOI:10.2307/1933939. 
• Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Laguna de Petenxil, obere ọdọ mmiri dị na Northern Guatemala. Akwụkwọ, 1966.
• Cowgill (1967). "Heat transfer solely by molecular conduction in the metalimnion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 57 (2): 198–200. DOI:10.1073/pnas.57.2.198. PMID 16591451. 
• Cowgill (1977). "A myeloliposarcoma in a female Perodicticus potto: Mineralogical and elemental chemical analysis". Journal of Medical Primatology 6 (2): 114–8. DOI:10.1159/000459730. PMID 406401. 
• Cowgill (1977). "Elemental analysis of a tumor from a nocturnal prosimian with special emphasis on bromine". The Science of the Total Environment 7 (1): 63–9. DOI:10.1016/0048-9697(77)90017-1. PMID 402025. 
• Cowgill (1980). "Normal blood values of an adult male Perodicticus potto with comparative data from other primates". Folia Primatologica 33 (4): 273–90. DOI:10.1159/000155942. PMID 7419137. 
• Cowgill (1988). "The tellurium content of vegetation". Biological Trace Element Research 17: 43–67. DOI:10.1007/BF02795446. PMID 2484368. 
• Aquatic toxicology na nyocha ihe ize ndụ, mpịakọta nke iri na abụọ (ya na Llewellyn R. Williams). Akwụkwọ, 1989.
• Cowgill (1990). "The reproducibility of the three brood Ceriodaphnia test using the reference toxicant sodium lauryl sulfate". Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 19 (4): 513–7. DOI:10.1007/BF01059069. PMID 2386407. 
• Cowgill (1991). "The response of the three brood Ceriodaphnia test to fifteen formulations and pure compounds in common use". Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 21 (1): 35–40. DOI:10.1007/BF01055553. PMID 1898115. 
• Cowgill (1991). "Variation in the nitrotoxin concentration of 13 species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) over a 6-year period". Biological Trace Element Research 31 (2): 111–8. DOI:10.1007/BF02990419. PMID 9438032. 
• Cowgill (1997). "The distribution of selenium and mortality owing to acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the continental United States". Biological Trace Element Research 56 (1): 43–61. DOI:10.1007/BF02778983. PMID 9152511.