Wapishana

Wapixana
Spoken in:	Guyana, Brazil
Region:	border
Total speakers:	Templeeti:Sigfig
Language family:	Arawakan; Northern; Wapishanan (Rio Branco); Wapixana
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	wap
	Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Wapishana (Wapixana) bụ Asụsụ Arawak nke Guyana na Brazil. Ihe karịrị mmadụ 13,000 na-asụ ya n'akụkụ abụọ nke ókèala Guyana-Brazil.

Na Brazil, ndị na-asụ Wapishana kachasị na-asụ ya bụ n'ime obodo Cantá na Bonfim, mpaghara Serra da Lua, ebe a na-amata ya dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị kemgbe afọ 2014.

Nrụgide ndị si mba ọzọ emeela ka ojiji Wapishana belata n'etiti ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto, ọ bụghịkwa ruo afọ 1987 ka e ji Wapishana mee asụsụ nkuzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Indigenous nke obodo asụsụ ahụ. Na 2009, Mahadum Roraima Federal mepụtara mmemme ndọtị maka ịmụta Wapishana. Na Guyana, e nwere òtù maka nchekwa asụsụ, dị ka Wapichan Wadauniinao Ati'o . ^[1]

Nchịkọta

Kaufman (1994) weere Wapishana, Atorada, na Mapidian dị ka olumba. Aikhenvald (1999) kewara Mawayana/Mapidian/Mawakwa (a na-ewere dị ka otu asụsụ) na Wapishana, o tinyere ha n'alaka Rio Branco. Ethnologue kwuru na Atorada nwere myirịta okwu 50% na Wapishana na 20% na Mapidian, nakwa na Wapishana na Mapidian nwere 10% Ramirez (2020) na-ewerekwa Atorai ka ọ bụ olumba Wapishana.: 33 : 33

Wapishana na Pemon, Asụsụ Caribbean, agbaziri ibe ha n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi mkpakọrịta siri ike.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mkpụrụ okwu

		Akpụkpọ ahụ	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Mkpịsị aka
Plosive	enweghị olu	p	t			k	ʔ
Plosive	kwuru okwu	b		ɖ		ɡ
Africate					tʃ
Ụgbọ imi		m	n		ɲ
Ihe na-esiri ike			s	ʐ	ʃ
Tap				ɽ
Ọkara ụdaolu		w			j

A na-anụ ụdaume /b ɖ/ n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ dị ka ndị na-enweghị olu.^[2]

Mkpụrụedemede

	N'ihu	Central	Ịlaghachi azụ
N'akụkụ	i iː	ɨ ɨː	u uː
Emeghe		a aː

Ọdịdị

Okwu

Flora na anụmanụ

A maara ọtụtụ osisi na anụmanụ ndị dị na mpaghara ahụ naanị na Wapishana, asụsụ ahụ nwekwara usoro dị iche iche nke taxonomy. Ihe atụ bụ ụdị osisi atọ, Karam'makau, wapaurib bau na 'Wapananinau, nke na-egosi "ụkpụrụ ọrụ ugbo" nke ndị obodo. Karam'makau na-anọchite anya osisi ndị a chịkọtara n'ọhịa, ebe Apaurib bau bụ osisi ndị a zụlitere n'ụlọ ma na-enwekarị aha dabere na ebe ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ ugbo sitere. Cassava, ihe oriri dị mkpa nye ndị obodo nke mpaghara ahụ, nwere "aha dị iche iche na-agbagwoju anya" na Wapishana. Wapananinau bụ osisi nwere ikike anwansi, ma nwee ọrụ dị mkpa maka ndị shaman nke nkwenkwe ọdịnala.

Ihe odide

↑ Wapishana Writers' Workshops and Literacy Tutor Training (en). SIL International (2012-09-12). Retrieved on 2021-03-15.
↑ Manoel. Uma gramatica do Wapixana (Aruak) : aspectos da fonologia, da morfologia e da sintaxe. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. OCLC 697755100.

Akwụkwọ

Aikhenvald (1999). "The Arawak language family", in Aikhenvald: The Amazonian languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 65–106.
Tracy (1974). "An Introduction to Wapishana Verb Morphology". International Journal of American Linguistics 40 (2): 120–125. DOI:10.1086/465294.

Njikọ mpụga

Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Wapishana The Intercontinental Dictionary Series

[1] Wapishana Writers' Workshops and Literacy Tutor Training (en). SIL International (2012-09-12). Retrieved on 2021-03-15.

[2] Manoel. Uma gramatica do Wapixana (Aruak) : aspectos da fonologia, da morfologia e da sintaxe. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. OCLC 697755100.

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