Wistman's Wood
Osisi Wistman bụ otu n'ime oké mmiri mmiri, oge ochie ochie na Britain na otu n'etiti Osisi oak atọ dị elu na Dartmoor na Devon, England. Ihe odide mbụ e dere ede nke kwuru osisi Wistman bụ na ike awụ nke iri na asaa, ebe a na-egosi ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na osisi ọ lụlụ nwere ike nke nna mbụ awụ..[1]
Aha obodo
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aha ahụ sitere na okwu Devonshire dialect wisht, nke pụtara 'eerie, uncanny' ma ọ bụ, na ọgụgụ ụfọdụ, 'pixie-haunted".[1][2][3]
Ọdịdị ala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osisi ahụ dị n'ebe dị elu nke mita 380-410 (1,250-1,350 na ndagwurugwu nke Osimiri West Dart dị nso na Àkwà mmiri Abụọ, [4] na grid reference SX612772. [5]
Isi iyi nke Devonport Leat, na weir na West Dart River, dị n'ebe ugwu nke osisi ahụ.[6]
Ọnọdụ nchekwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osisi ahụ bụ otu n'ime osisi oak kachasị elu na Britain, yana otu n'etiti oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo ikpeazụ fọdụrụ na Britain. Dị ka ihe atụ dị ịrịba ama nke ọhịa oak dị n'elu ala, a họọrọ ya dị ka Ebe Ọdịdị Sayensị Pụrụ Iche na 1964. [5] Ọ bụkwa saịtị NCR ma bụrụ akụkụ nke Wistman's Wood National Nature Reserve. Osisi ahụ bụkwa otu n'ime isi ihe kpatara ịhọrọ Dartmoor Special Area of Conservation.
Osisi oak abụọ ndị ọzọ dị elu nke Dartmoor bụ Black Tor Copse na West Okement n'ebe ugwu, na Piles Copse naOsimiri Erme n'ebe ndịda..[7][8]
N'afọ 2023, William, Prince of Wales dị ka Duke of Cornwall oriri ya na Natural England aka iji, melite ma okpukpu abụọ nke oke mmiri ozuzo site na 2040..[9]
Akụkụ nke ala a họpụtara dị ka Wistman's Wood Site of Special Scientific Interest bụ nke Duchy nke Cornwall.[10]
Nkọwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-ekewa osisi ahụ n'ime blọk atọ (North, Middle, na South Groves ma ọ bụ Woods), nke na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka hekta 3.5 (8.6 acres). [1] Ndị a bi n'ebe ndị na-eme egwuregwu nke ahụ, ebe a na- nnukwu nnukwu granite ("clatter"), na akpa nke acidic, free-draining, brown earth ground. nkọwa ndị ọzọ nke na-agbasa ntụ isi ahụ nke osisi ahụ, na-atụ aro na ọ na- elele na mbụ n'elu ihe niile dị n'ụdị ugwu. N'oge a, a na-ekpuchi clatter n' osisi ahụ na bracken, Bilberry, na gorse oge ụfọdụ.[11]
Ọ bụ Duchy nke Cornwall nwe Wistman's Wood [4] ma na-achịkwa ya kemgbe 1961 n'okpuru nkwekọrịta nchekwa okike na Nature Conservancy Council, English Nature na Natural England. Osisi ahụ enweghị njikwa na-arụ ọrụ, mana ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-aga ebe ahụ na ụkwụ (karịsịa na-abanye na njedebe ndịda nke South Wood), ehi na atụrụ nwere ohere n'efu ebe ala ahụ na-enye ohere, n'èzí obere oghere dị na South Wood. [citation needed]
Flora
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-ụdị osisi dị iche iche na-acha ndị agha na, mgbe ụfọdụ, site na ụdị anụmanụ na-ata agha dị ka Bilberry na polypody.[1] Omume dị nke ogwe osisi na aka na-enye eze ka ihe mkpofu na humus gbakọta na ha, na-akwado uto dị ukwuu nke osisi epiphytic vascular. Ndị a na-eme n'ụdị dị iche iche n'oche ndị ọzọ dị na Britain; na mgbakwunye na polypody, nke bụ epiphyte a na-ama, na bilberry, ndị a kpọọ ọtụtụ n'ime otu ụdị ndụ ndị a n'ala mgbochi.[11]
A na-ụdị osisi dị iche iche na-acha ndị agha na, mgbe ụfọdụ, site na ụdị anụmanụ na-ata agha dị ka Bilberry na polypody.[1] Omume dị nke ogwe osisi na aka na-enye eze ka ihe mkpofu na humus gbakọta na ha, na-akwado uto dị ukwuu nke osisi epiphytic vascular. Ndị a na-eme n'ụdị dị iche iche n'oche ndị ọzọ dị na Britain; na mgbakwunye na polypody, nke bụ epiphyte a na-ama, na bilberry, ndị a kpọọ ọtụtụ n'ime otu ụdị ndụ ndị a n'ala mgbochi[11]
N'ala, a na-ekpuchita nkume na ala na-acha ihuenyo - ụdị ndị a na--Re-play Dicranum scoparium, Hypotrachyna laevigata, Rhytidiadelphus loreus na Sphaerophorus globosus - na, ebe ala gba ike, ala-acha acid na-etolite na heath 2017raw, tormentil na Sorrel. N'ebe ndị a na-echebe arịa n'anụ ụlọ, texka ndị na-ata ahịhịa dị ka sorrel osisi, Bilberry, rush osisi na bramble na-nne. akụkụ nke bracken gbara ọtụtụ osisi gburugburu, na-egosi oke ala na-acha nchara nchara.[1] Osisi ahụ na-akwado ihe dịka ụdị lichen 120.[12]
Anụmanụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osisi ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke adders.[4]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A ndekọ osisi Wistman aha n'akwụkwọ elele ọtụtụ awụ. O egwu ka ọ bụ ihe njọ n'oké oge ochie nke kpuchiri ọtụtụ n'ime Dartmoor c. 7000 BCE, tupu ndị na-ahụ nta / ndị na-achịkọta Oge Mesolithic ndị ya n'ihe dị ka 5000 BCE.[1] Ihe oyiyi foto na ihe ndị na-egosi ndị ọzọ na-egosi na osisi Wistman agbanweela nke ukwuu eje ije ozi nke 19; n'otu oge ahụ ọnọdụ ihu igwe ọnọdụ.[2][3] N'ime oge a, osisi oak ndị okenye etolitela site na stunted / semi-prostrate gaa n'ụdị na-arrịgo elu, ebe ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke osisi oak na-etolite n'ụzọ okporo na otu ogwe osisi osisi. Osisi oak ochie yiri ka ọ dị afọ 400-500 ma omenala n'ime osisi oak na-emebi emebi nke dị ndụ n'ụdị osisi n'ime ụzọ mbụ nke ihu igwe oyi.[1] N'ihe dị ka 1620, a osisi ochie ndị a dị ka "ọ dịghị ogologo ka nwoke nwere ike iji isi ya metụ n'elu". Ogologo osisi mụbara mmalite site na etiti akpan adọ nke 19, na n'oge mgbatị nke 20 ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ (na 1997 ogo ngosi elu na nkezi osisi nke dị gburugburu 12 na 7 m (23 ft) n'otu n'otu). [3] Na mgbakwunye, ebili mmiri nke oak ọhụrụ dị n' osisi bilitere mgbe c. 1900, na-eme ka mpaghara osisi okpukpu abụọ. ụzọ nke ihe maka izi ndị a sitere na na-adịgide nke dị na njedebe nke South Wood. Nke a bụ nke ochie ochie a maara n'ụdị ya n'iji Britain, nke R. Hansford Worth dekọrọ obere obere ya na 1921.
Nkume Buller, nkume dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke osisi ahụ, na-echeta mgbalị e mere na 1866 iji mee ka osisi ndị ahụ dị, mgbe Wentworth Buller (site na ikike sitere na Duchy) gburu osisi oak, nke e mere atụmatụ na ọ dị nso na afọ 168.[4]
Akụkọ ifo, nka na akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osisi ahụ abụwo ihe na- ụba ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na-ede uri, na ndị na-ewe foto. Ọ በስፋት na ọtụtụ ndị jere ozi nke 19. Otu omenala na-ekwu na ọ bụ Isabella nke Foribus (1237-93) njem ya. [4]
Osisi Wistman na omenala nke 'Wild Hunt' jere ozi dị ka ihe mkpali maka akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ Sherlock Holmes nke Sir Arthur Conan Doyle The Hound of the Baskervilles na-esote Doyle n'onwe ya n'osisi ahụ.[1][13]
A na-akọwa Osisi ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu ma na-atụle ya dị ka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na The Tree (1978), edemede banyere ọdịdị nke onye edemede Bekee bụ John Fowles.[14]
Aha osisi Wistman nwere ike isite n'okwu olumba "wisht", nke pụtara "eerie/uncanny" ma ọ bụ "pixie-led/haunted". [15] A na-ejikọta anụ ọhịa a ma ama na Devon, nke a maara dị ka Yeth (Heath) ma ọ bụ Wisht Hounds na olumba Devonshire, karịsịa na osisi Wistman.[16]
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shrubsole (2022). The Lost Rainforests of Britain (in en-GB). London: William Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-852795-2. Shrubsole, Guy (2022). The Lost Rainforests of Britain. London: William Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-852795-2. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Westwood (1985). Albion: A Guide to Legendary Britain (in en). HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0246117892.
- ↑ Hemery (1983). High Dartmoor: Land and People (in en). London: Robert Hale. ISBN 978-0709188599.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Wilson. "Twisted oaks and tales on the trail of Devon's pygmy forest", Financial Times, 19 June 2015. Retrieved on 3 March 2016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "FT" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Designated Sites View – Wistman's Wood SSSI. Natural England. Retrieved on 5 January 2020. Choose "View citation" to access the citation (pdf file). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "sssi" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Start of Devonport Leat near Wistman's Wood
- ↑ Black-a-Tor Copse NNR. Woodland Trust. Retrieved on 13 October 2021.
- ↑ Hemery (2011). Piles Copse - extreme oak woodland. gabrielhemery.com. Retrieved on 13 October 2021.
- ↑ Work to begin on Dartmoor's Wistman's Wood expansion (en-GB). BBC News (2023-10-19). Retrieved on 2024-06-26.
- ↑ Mapping the habitats of England’s ten largest institutional landowners (en). Who owns England? (2020-10-06). Retrieved on 2024-10-02.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Tansley (1965). The British Isles and their Vegetation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 299–302. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Tansley" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Hoare. "Wild Month", BBC Wildlife, November 2018, pp. 6–7.
- ↑ Sturgis (2023-09-05). Alone in Dartmoor’s haunted woods (en-US). The Spectator. Retrieved on 2024-06-26.
- ↑ Fowles (1978). The Tree, 92ff.
- ↑ Hemery (1983). High Dartmoor. London: Robert Hale, 454–455. ISBN 0-7091-8859-5.
- ↑ Westwood (1985). Albion: A Guide to Legendary Britain. London: Grafton Books, 155–156. ISBN 0-246-11789-3.
Akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]