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Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Shell Co.

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Ngagharị iwe na Washington, D.C. megide ogbugbu nke Saro-Wiwa na ndị ọzọ, Nọvemba 1995

Ikpe ezinụlọ Wiwa megide Royal Dutch Shell bụ ikpe atọ dị iche iche wetara n'afọ 1996 site n'aka ezinụlọ Ken Saro-Wiwa megide Royal Dutch Shell, alaka ya - Shell Nigeria na onye isi alaka ya ahụ bụ Brian Anderson. Ebubo ndị eboro ya gụnyere mmegide ruuru mmadụ megide ndị Ogoni na Niger Delta, mkpochapụ, ịta ahụhụ, njide aka ike, na ọnwụ na-ezighi ezi. Mgbe afọ 12 nke Shell na-arịọ ụlọikpe ka ọ ghara ịnụ okwu ndị a [1] a nụrụ ha na 26 Mee 2009. [2]

Na June 8, 2009, Shell na ezinụlọ Saro-Wiwa kwekọrịtara na-abụghị ụlọ ikpe maka $ 15.5 nde.[2][3]

Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga

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Ihe omume ndị e welitere n'okwu ndị a bụ:

  • 1995 ikpe ụlọikpe nke ịkwụgb mmadụ itoolu si n'Ogoni (Ogoni Nine) n'ụdọ, ndị isi nke Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP);
  • mmekpa ahụ na njide nke Owens Wiwa na Michael Tema Vizor;
  • ịgba otu nwanyị, Karololo Kogbara, onye na-eme ngagharị iwe n'udo maka mgbukpọ nke ihe ọkụkụ ya na nkwadebe maka paịpụ Shell, na nwanyị ọzọ na-ime mkpesa, Uebari N-nahby site n'aka Ndị agha Naijiria nke a na-ekwu na ọ bụ Shell kpọrọ.

E wepụrụ foto onye nta akụkọ America bụ Ed Kashi si n'akwụkwọ Curse of the Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta [4] dị ka ihe akaebe nke mmebi ikike mmadụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ, ọkachasị Shell, kpatara ndị Ogoni.  [citation needed][citation needed]

Ihe omuma

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A gbara akwụkwọ ikpe ahụ na 1996 na United States District Court maka South District nke New York, na ebubo ndị e mere n'okpuru Alien Tort Statute, Torture Victim Protection Act nke 1992 na Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organisation Act (RICO). [5]A na-ebo ndị gbara akwụkwọ ebubo na ha jikọrọ aka na mmegide ikike mmadụ na-emegide ndị Ogoni na Niger Delta, gụnyere mkpochapụ ogbugbu, mpụ megidere mmadụ, ịta ahụhụ, mmeso ọjọọ, njide aka ike, ọnwụ na-ezighi ezi, na mwakpo na batrị. Ndị Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) na onye ndụmọdụ sitere na EarthRights International gbara akwụkwọ ndị a.

Mkpebi

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Na June 8, 2009, Shell na ezinụlọ Saro-Wiwa kwekọrịtara na-abụghị ụlọ ikpe maka $ 15.5 nde.[2][3] Ben Amunwa, onye nduzi nke nzukọ Remember Saro-Wiwa, kwuru na "Ọ dịghị ụlọ ọrụ, nke ahụ bụ ihe aka ya dị ọcha na itinye aka na mmegbu ndị agha na ikike mmadụ na Naịjirịa, ga-edozi n'ụlọ ikpe maka nde dollar 15.5. Ọ na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya na ha nwere ihe ha ga-ezo".

Shell kwuru na ịkwụ ụgwọ ahụ bụ ngosipụta nke ọmịiko, na-agọnahụ ikpe ọmụma na ọnwụ Ken Saro-Wiwa na ọnwụ nke Ogoni itoolu.[6]

Mmetụta na ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi na ịza ajụjụ ụlọ ọrụ

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Ikpe ahụ wetara uche mba ụwa na mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi na Niger Delta, na-eme ka nrụgide dị ukwuu na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ iji nabata iwu gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike na omume itinye aka na obodo. [7]O gosipụtara ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi na mmebi ikike mmadụ, na-eme ka arịrịọ maka iwu siri ike na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara ndị bara ọgaranya ma na-adịghị akwụsi ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. [8][9]Ikpe ahụ setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ iwu maka ijide ụlọ ọrụ na-aza ajụjụ maka omume ha na mba ofesi. N'ihi na ndị gbara akwụkwọ n'okwu a gosipụtara na enwere ike ikpe ụlọ ọrụ ikpe maka mmebi ikike mmadụ na ikike mba ọzọ, nke a gbara obodo ndị ọzọ metụtara ume ka ha gaa n'ihu. Ọnwa ole na ole mgbe mkpebi ikpe ahụ gasịrị, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke UK kwetara ịtụle ikpe ndị ọzọ sitere na obodo Ogale na Bille megide Royal Dutch Shell na SPDC maka mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi na Niger Delta. [10]Enwekwara uche dị ukwuu na ikike mmadụ n'ụlọ ikpe US, ebe mkpebi ahụ mere ka ọ dịkwuo mfe iwebata nkwupụta dabere na mmebi ikike mmadụ nke mba ọzọ n'agbanyeghị na enwere forums ndị ọzọ.[11]

Mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi na-aga n'ihu na mbọ mkpocha a na-ese okwu

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N'agbanyeghị ebe obibi ahụ, mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi ka siri ike, enwere mmetọ zuru oke na isi iyi mmiri na ala, ebe ụfọdụ chọrọ mgbalị mmezi ọtụtụ iri afọ.[12] Mgbe akụkọ 2011 United Nations Environmental Programme dekọrọ oke mmetọ, Shell kwuru na ọ kwenyere na mmetọ ahụ a chọpụtara. Otú ọ dị, nnyocha ndị na-adịbeghị anya na-emegide nkwupụta Shell, ma enwere ebe ndị a na-ahụ anya na-emetọ site na ihe fọdụrụ na mmanụ gara aga.[13]

Hụkwa

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  • Bowoto v. Chevron Corp.
  • Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co.

Edemsibia

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  1. ↑ "New York trial delayed for Nigerians suing Shell", Shell International B.V., 2009-04-06.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Mouawad. "Shell to Pay $15.5 Million to Settle Nigerian Case", New York Times, 2009-06-08. Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Saro-Wiwa's son: Justice is always hard won", CNN.com, 2009-06-09. Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
  4. ↑ Tregaskis, Shiona (March 10, 2010). Curse of the Black Gold. Selection of titled photos by Ed Kashi at an exhibition at HOST gallery. The Guardian. Retrieved on October 5, 2012.
  5. ↑ Wiwa et al v. Royal Dutch Petroleum et al. (en). Center for Constitutional Rights. Retrieved on 2025-02-13.
  6. ↑ Shell settles Wiwa case with humanitarian gesture. Shell.com (8 June 2009). Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved on 5 October 2012.
  7. ↑ The price of oil: the impact of oil pollution on Niger Delta communities (en). Amnesty International (2015-11-03). Retrieved on 2025-02-13.
  8. ↑ Wiwa et al v. Royal Dutch Petroleum et al. (en). Center for Constitutional Rights. Retrieved on 2025-02-13.
  9. ↑ Yusuf (2016-11-01). "Combating environmental irresponsibility of transnational corporations in Africa: an empirical analysis". Local Environment 21 (11): 1372–1386. DOI:10.1080/13549839.2015.1119812. ISSN 1354-9839. 
  10. ↑ Chang. "‘We were eating, drinking, breathing the oil’: the villagers who stood up to big oil – and won", The Guardian, 2022-06-01. Retrieved on 2025-02-13. (in en-GB)
  11. ↑ Fellmeth (2002). "Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co.: A New Standard for the Enforcement of International Law in U.S. Courts?". Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal 5. 
  12. ↑ The price of oil: the impact of oil pollution on Niger Delta communities (en). Amnesty International (2015-11-03). Retrieved on 2025-02-13.
  13. ↑ Remembering Ken Saro-Wiwa: The Struggle Continues in the Niger Delta (en-US). International Human Rights Clinic (2015-11-10). Retrieved on 2025-02-13.
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