Ịṅụ sịga na ime ime
Tobacco smoking mgbe nwaanyi di IME na ebute nsogbu di iche iche na ebe ahuike ya na imu NWA ya no. Na ngbakwunye Ihe tobacco n'eme n'ahu mmadu. Ihe akwukwo di iche iche choputara na nwaanyi Inu tobacco na ebute IME ya ipu, na ebute kwa nsogbu ndi ozo n'emegide ahuike NWA ahu.[1] [2][3]
N'ihi ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara ya, a na-adụ ndị mmadụ ọdụ ka ha ghara ịṅụ sịga tupu, n'oge ma ọ bụ mgbe ha dị ime. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na nke a agaghị ekwe omume, ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ sịga a na-ese kwa ụbọchị nwere ike ibelata ihe ize ndụ maka nne na nwa. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa maka ndị mmadụ nọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe, ebe inye ara dị mkpa maka ọnọdụ nri na-edozi ahụ n'ozuzu nwa ahụ.[4]
Ịṅụ sịga tupu afọ ime[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-adụ ụmụ nwanyị dị ime ma ọ bụ na-eme atụmatụ ime ọdụ ka ha kwụsị ise siga.[5][6] Ọ dị mkpa inyocha mmetụta ndị a n'ihi na ịṅụ sịga tupu, n'oge na mgbe afọ ime gasịrị abụghị omume a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'etiti ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu ha ma nwee ike inwe mmetụta ahụike na-emerụ ahụ, ọkachasị n'etiti nne na nwa, n'ihi ya. N'afọ 2011, ihe dị ka 10% nke ụmụ nwanyị dị ime na data anakọtara site na steeti 24 nke US kọrọ na ha na-ese siga n'ime ọnwa atọ ikpeazụ nke ime ha.[7]
Dị ka 1999 meta-analysis bipụtara na American Journal of Preventive Medicine si kwuo, ịṅụ sịga tupu ime ime nwere njikọ siri ike na ohere dị ukwuu nke ime ime ime.[6]
Ịṅụ sịga n'oge afọ ime[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Dabere na nnyocha e mere na 2008 site na Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) nke gbara ndị mmadụ ajụjụ ọnụ na steeti 26 na United States, ihe dịka 13% nke ụmụ nwanyị kọrọ na ha na-ese siga n'ime ọnwa atọ ikpeazụ nke ime. N'ime ụmụ nwanyị na-ese siga n'ime ọnwa atọ ikpeazụ nke ime, 52% kọrọ na ha na-ese sịga ise ma ọ bụ karịa kwa ụbọchị, 27% kọrọ na ha sịga isii ruo 10 kwa ụbọchị, na 21% kọrọ na ha si siga 11 ma ọ bụ koleka kwa ụbọchị.[8]
Na United States, ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-achọghị ime nwere 30% ohere ịṅụ sịga n'oge ha dị ime karịa ndị e bu n'obi ime.[9]
Ịṅụ sịga mgbe ịtụrụ ime[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ụmụ ọhụrụ na-ese siga, ma n'oge ime ma mgbe amuchara, na-achọpụta na ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa ọnwụ mberede (SIDS). [10]
- ↑ (March 2021) "Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review". BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 21 (1): 254. DOI:10.1186/s12884-021-03729-1. PMID 33771100.
- ↑ (February 1999) "Cocaine and tobacco use and the risk of spontaneous abortion". The New England Journal of Medicine 340 (5): 333–339. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199902043400501. PMID 9929522.
- ↑ (May 2002) "The effect of cigarette smoking on fetal heart rate characteristics". Obstetrics and Gynecology 99 (5 Pt 1): 751–755. DOI:10.1016/S0029-7844(02)01948-8. PMID 11978283.
- ↑ (May 1999) "Maternal smoking and breastfeeding". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 5 (3): 450–456. DOI:10.26719/1999.5.3.450. PMID 10793823.
- ↑ (August 2015) "Update on medicines for smoking cessation". Australian Prescriber 38 (4): 106–111. DOI:10.18773/austprescr.2015.038. PMID 26648633.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 (April 1999) "Effects of smoking during pregnancy. Five meta-analyses". American Journal of Preventive Medicine 16 (3): 208–215. DOI:10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00089-0. PMID 10198660. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Substance Use During Pregnancy | CDC (16 July 2020). Archived from the original on 18 December 2022. Retrieved on 12 September 2017.
- ↑ Preventing Smoking and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Before, During, and After Pregnancy. Preventing Smoking and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Before, During, and After Pregnancy. CDC, Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved on 22 September 2016.
- ↑ (1995) The best intentions: unintended pregnancy and the well-being of children and families. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 68–70. ISBN 978-0-309-05230-6.
- ↑ (January 2008) "Nicotine and cotinine in infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome". International Journal of Legal Medicine 122 (1): 23–28. DOI:10.1007/s00414-007-0155-9. PMID 17285322.