Ịchụ nta mmadụ

achụ nta mmadụ, na-ezo aka na ịchụ nta ma gbuo mmadụ ma ka ịbọ ọbọ, ntụrụndụ, egwuregwu, ma ọ bụ ihe oriri nke ndị ọzọ. ^[1]^{[citation needed]} N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ihe omume nke omume ahụ emeela n'oge ọgba aghara ọha na eze.

Ihe Nlereanya nke Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na Gris oge ochie, ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu nke Sparta na-eme mgbe niile ịchụso na igbu ndị otu ha na-ejere ha ozi; ndị uwe ojii nzuzo (Crypteia) na-egbu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ụzọ isi mee ka ndị <i id="mwGQ">helot</i> na-atụ ụjọ ma ghara ime ngagharị iwe, yana dịka akụkụ nke Ọzụzụ agha (agoge) maka ndị ntorobịa Spartan.
Na Europe, ndị ọchịchị na-achụ mgbe ụfọdụ ndị na-eso ụzọ "ndị jụrụ okwukwe", dị ka ndị Waldenses na Alps ^[2] Ndị Katar na Languedoc, ^[3] ndị Anabaptist na Germany, ^[4] na Ndị Huguenot na France. ^[5]
N'oge Mgbukpọ agbụrụ na California nke 1846 ruo 1873, a chụpụrụ ụmụ amaala ma gbuo ha maka onyinye.
^[6]'oge Agha Obodo Spain nke 1936-1939, omume igbu ọchụ ghọrọ ihe a ma ama [1] n'etiti ụmụ nke ndị nwe ala bara ọgaranya. A na-achụ nta ahụ n'elu Ịnyịnya ma na-elekwasị anya na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị ala dị ka mgbatị nke White Terror. ^[6]^[7] na-akpọ ha "reforma agraria" na-ezo aka n'ili ọha na eze a ga-atụba ndị ahụ na Mgbanwe ala ndị ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị ala na-anwa inweta. [1] [2]
N'agbata afọ 1971 na afọ 1983, onye na-egbu ọtụtụ mmadụ bụ Robert Hansen ji ụgbọelu mee ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọ na-egbu banye n'ọzara Alaska, wee hapụ ha ka o wee nwee ike "ịchụ" ụmụ nwanyị ahụ na égbè na mma.

Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Akụkọ ụfọdụ ^[8]^[9] ime ihe ike mmadụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-ejikọta mmepe nke agha - ime ihe ike megide ụmụ mmadụ - na omume nke ịchụ nta.
^[10]'afọ 2016, Daniel Wright, onye nkuzi dị elu na njem nleta na Mahadum nke Central Lancashire, dere akwụkwọ banyere ọdịnihu nke njem nleta ebe ọ tụlere otu ịchụ nta nke ndị ogbenye ("ịchụ nta mmadụ") nwere ike isi bụrụ ihe ntụrụndụ nke ndị bara ọgaranya n'ọdịnihu nke nsogbu akụ na ụba, ọdachi gburugburu ebe obibi, na oke mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ.

N'akụkọ ifo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Isiokwu nke ịchụ nta mmadụ, abụwo isiokwu nke ọtụtụ ọrụ akụkọ ifo.

^[11] anya [nchọpụta mbụ?] nke a ma ama na Bekee bụ "The Most Dangerous Game", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke 1924 nke Richard Connell, nke emerela ọtụtụ ugboro maka ihe nkiri, redio, na telivishọn.
Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke afọ 1993 Hard Target, nke Jean-Claude Van Damme na-eme, nke akwụkwọ Richard Connell kpaliri, na-agba gbụrụ-gbúrụ ịchụ nta nke ndị agha na-enweghị ebe obibi.
Marvel Comics gosipụtara Kraven the Hunter, nnukwu onye na-achụ nta egwuregwu, na-achụrụ ụmụ mmadụ dị elu gụnyere Spider-Man maka ebube.
Ihe nkiri TVJumanji nke 1995 na usoro TV ya gosipụtara Van Pelt, nnukwu onye na-achụ nta egwuregwu nke na-etinye aka na ịchụ nta mmadụ n'etiti ịchụ nta ya.
Ụdị 1999 nke Tarzan gosipụtara Clayton, nnukwu onye na-achụ nta, na-eyi egwu ịchụ nta Tarzan maka egwuregwu. Egwuregwu vidio ahụ gosipụtara ya na-eyi egwu inweta Tarzan n'oge ọkwa onye isi ikpeazụ.
Batman_Beyond" id="mwbg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Batman Beyond">Batman Beyond gosipụtara Stalker, nnukwu onye na-achụ nta egwuregwu cybernetically, na-achọ ịchụ nta Batman maka ebube.
Na George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire epic fantasy-novel series na HBO telivishọn ya Game of Thrones, onye Ramsay Bolton, onye pụtara na mbụ n'akwụkwọ nke abụọ, A Clash of Kings (1998), hụrụ ụmụ agbọghọ gba ọtọ n'anya ịchụ nta n'ime ọhịa na nkịta dịka akụkụ nke egwuregwu ya.
Ihe nkiri ọdịnala ndị Japan nke afọ 2000 nke Battle Royale gosipụtara ụmụaka 42 nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke gọọmentị aka ike zitere ịlụ ọgụ ruo ọnwụ.
Ihe nkiri egwu nke afọ 2005 bụ Wolf Creek, tinyere ihe na-esote ya na 2013, na usoro telivishọn nke afọ 2016, na-agbanwe gbụrụ-gbúrụ onye na-egbu egbu, Mick Taylor (nke John Jarratt na-eme), onye na-achụ nta, na-ata ahụhụ, ma na-egbu ndị na-egbu ọkpụkpụ maka egwuregwu na Australian Outback.
Usoro akwụkwọ nke afọr 2008 na-aga n'ihu na ihe nkiri 2012 na-aga na-aga nke The Hunger Games gosipụtara ọdịnihu dystopian ebe a na-ahọrọ ndị na-asọmpi site na lọtrị ma manye ha ịlụ ọgụ ruo ọnwụ.
Akwụkwọ akụkọ Jack Reacher nke afọ 2018 Past Tense nke Lee Child dere nwere isi ihe gbasara onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ n'oboydo dịpụrụ adịpụ na-eduzi "ịchụ ndị mmadụ" maka ndị ahịa bara ọgaranya.
Ihe nkiri Brazil bụ Bacurau (2019) na-akọ akụkọ banyere obere ọbọdọ dara ogbenye dị n'ime ime oybodo Brazil a na-akpọ Bacurau, ebe ndị njem nleta na-acha ọcha bara ọgaranya na-aga ịchụ ndị ogbenye. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nhọpụta abụọ na Cannes, Palme d'Or na Jury Prize, na-emeri nke ikpeazụ. Ihe nkiri ahụ weghaara ihe nrite ma ka Best Picture na afọ 2019 Munich Festival.
Ihe nkiri satirical nke afọ 2020 The Hunt na-agba gbụrụ-gbúrụ <i id="mwmg">Ịchụ nta</i> nke "ndị na-adịghị mma" site n'aka ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu iji megwara ndị mbụ na-agbasa echiche nkwekọrịta banyere ndị nke ikpeazụ.
Na Japanese Manga One Piece Isi nke 1096 akpọrọ "Kumachi". Dragọn ndị dị n'eluigwe na-achụ ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ohu ha na ụmụ amaala agwaetiti a na-akpọ God Valley maka ntụrụndụ

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Egwuregwu ọbara
Onye na-achụ nta
Akụkụ: Akụkọ ifo banyere egwuregwu ọnwụ
Mgbukpọ agbụrụ
Ndị na-alụ ọgụ
Ịchụ nta isi
Ịchụpụ ndị mmadụ
Ogbugbu e bu ụzọ gbuo
Ọrịa Uche
Onye na-egbu ọtụtụ mmadụ
Nsogbu nke ịkpa oke mmekọahụ
Onye na-egbu egbu
Ogbugbu na-akpali akpali
Onye omekome agha
Ịchụ nta ndị amoosu

Edemsibe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

↑ For example: Hochschild (2016). Spain in Our Hearts. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 37. ISBN 978-0547973180. “'Sons of landowners,' writes the historian Antony Beevor, 'organized peasant hunts on horseback. [...]'”
↑ Tice [1829] (2003). History of the Waldenses: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, reprint, The Book Tree. ISBN 978-1585090990. Retrieved on 21 November 2022. “In 1233 the Inquisition was officially unleashed on the Waldenses, and the assault continued for centuries. [...] the Church hunted Waldensians as a group and individually.”
↑ Barber [2000] (17 June 2014). The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages, The Medieval World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317890386. Retrieved on 21 November 2022. “If the Cathars could be deprived of their customary refuges, they would be vulnerable to an active policy of heresy hunting. 'We will purge', promised Count Raymond,'these lands of heretics and of the stench of heresy [...].'”
↑ Van Amberg (2011). A Real Presence: Religious and Social Dynamics of the Eucharistic Conflicts in Early Modern Augsburg 1520–1530, Studies in the History of Christian Traditions, Volume 158. Brill. ISBN 978-9004217393. Retrieved on 21 November 2022.
↑ Beard (1884). "Churches of the Huguenots and the religious condition of France", in Smyth: The Andover review. Andover Theological Seminary. Retrieved on 21 November 2022. “The army, as if led by the Furies, was employed for years in hunting Huguenots. The history reads as if diabolism were let loose.”
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Hochschild (2016). Spain in Our Hearts. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 37. ISBN 978-0547973180.
↑ Beevor (2006). The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin. ISBN 978-0143037651. “This sort of activity was jokingly referred to as the 'reforma agraria' whereby the landless bracero was finally to get a piece of ground for himself.”
↑ Otterbein (24 March 2009). "The Evolution of War", The Anthropology of War. Waveland Press. ISBN 978-1478609889. Retrieved on 21 November 2022. “Warfare developed along two separate paths. The hunting of large game animals was critical to the development of the first path. Early hunters, working as a group in pursuit of game, sometimes engaged in attacks on members of competing groups of hunters [...].”
↑ Mendoza (2011). "War and Diplomacy: Introduction: Conflict and Aggression in Early Human Societies", in Andrea: World History Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 256–257. ISBN 9781-851099290. Retrieved on 21 November 2022. “Scholars who subscribe to sociobiological explanations for violence and conflict in early human societies [...] argue that biological drives predetermine human behavior. Though initially displaying such behaviors when hunting game and developing tools for such activities, hunter-gatherers eventually used their developing aggressive techniques against each other [...].”
↑ Wright (April–May 2016). "Hunting humans: A future for tourism in 2200". Futures 78–79: 34–46. DOI:10.1016/j.futures.2016.03.021.
↑ Dixon (2010). A History of Horror (in en). Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0813550398.

[1] For example: Hochschild (2016). Spain in Our Hearts. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 37. ISBN 978-0547973180. “'Sons of landowners,' writes the historian Antony Beevor, 'organized peasant hunts on horseback. [...]'”

[2] Tice [1829] (2003). History of the Waldenses: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, reprint, The Book Tree. ISBN 978-1585090990. Retrieved on 21 November 2022. “In 1233 the Inquisition was officially unleashed on the Waldenses, and the assault continued for centuries. [...] the Church hunted Waldensians as a group and individually.”

[3] Barber [2000] (17 June 2014). The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages, The Medieval World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317890386. Retrieved on 21 November 2022. “If the Cathars could be deprived of their customary refuges, they would be vulnerable to an active policy of heresy hunting. 'We will purge', promised Count Raymond,'these lands of heretics and of the stench of heresy [...].'”

[4] Van Amberg (2011). A Real Presence: Religious and Social Dynamics of the Eucharistic Conflicts in Early Modern Augsburg 1520–1530, Studies in the History of Christian Traditions, Volume 158. Brill. ISBN 978-9004217393. Retrieved on 21 November 2022.

[5] Beard (1884). "Churches of the Huguenots and the religious condition of France", in Smyth: The Andover review. Andover Theological Seminary. Retrieved on 21 November 2022. “The army, as if led by the Furies, was employed for years in hunting Huguenots. The history reads as if diabolism were let loose.”

[:0-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Hochschild (2016). Spain in Our Hearts. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 37. ISBN 978-0547973180.

[7] Beevor (2006). The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin. ISBN 978-0143037651. “This sort of activity was jokingly referred to as the 'reforma agraria' whereby the landless bracero was finally to get a piece of ground for himself.”

[8] Otterbein (24 March 2009). "The Evolution of War", The Anthropology of War. Waveland Press. ISBN 978-1478609889. Retrieved on 21 November 2022. “Warfare developed along two separate paths. The hunting of large game animals was critical to the development of the first path. Early hunters, working as a group in pursuit of game, sometimes engaged in attacks on members of competing groups of hunters [...].”

[9] Mendoza (2011). "War and Diplomacy: Introduction: Conflict and Aggression in Early Human Societies", in Andrea: World History Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 256–257. ISBN 9781-851099290. Retrieved on 21 November 2022. “Scholars who subscribe to sociobiological explanations for violence and conflict in early human societies [...] argue that biological drives predetermine human behavior. Though initially displaying such behaviors when hunting game and developing tools for such activities, hunter-gatherers eventually used their developing aggressive techniques against each other [...].”

[10] Wright (April–May 2016). "Hunting humans: A future for tourism in 2200". Futures 78–79: 34–46. DOI:10.1016/j.futures.2016.03.021.

[11] Dixon (2010). A History of Horror (in en). Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0813550398.

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