Ọdịdị ala nke Zimbabwe
 
| |
| Continent | Africa |
|---|---|
| Region | Southern Africa |
| Coordinates | 20°S 30°E / 20°S30°E / ; 30Coordinates: 20°S 30°E / 20°S 3°E / -20; 30 |
| Mpaghara | Ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke 63 |
| • Ngụkọta | 390,757 km2 (150,872 sq mi) |
| Ụsọ oké osimiri | 0 km (0 mi) |
| Ógbè ndị dị n'ókè | 3,066 kilomita (Botswana 813 kilomita, Mozambique 1231 kilomita, South Africa 225 kilomita, Zambia 797 kilomita) |
| Ihe Kasị Elu | Inyangani 2,592 m (8,504 ft) |
| Ebe Kasị ala | njikọ nke osimiri Runde na Save. 162 m (531 ft) |
| Osimiri kasị ogologo | Osimiri Zambezi 2,650 kilomita |
| Ọdọ mmiri Kasị Ukwuu | Ọdọ Mmiri Kariba 7,770 km2 |
Zimbabwe bụ mba na-enweghị mmiri na ndịda Afrịka nke dị n'ebe ugwu nke Tropic nke Capricorn . N'oge ọkọchị, mba ahụ dum na-enwe okpomọkụ dị ọkụ n'ihi na anyanwụ dị n'elu. Ọ na-agafe nnukwu ala dị elu nke na-agbadata n'ebe ugwu gaa na ndagwurugwu Zambezi ebe ókè àlà ya na Zambia dị ma na-agbada n'ebe ndịda gaa na Limpopo na ókèala ya na Ndịda Afrịka Mba ahụ nwere ókè ala na Botswana nke ọnụ Ọgụgụ narị asatọ na iri na atọ km, Mozambique nke ọnụ Ọgụgụ ya bụ km otu nde narị abụọ na iri atọ na otu .Ndịda Afrịka nke ọnụ Ọgụgụ ya bụ narị abụọ na iri abụọ na ise km, Zambia narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa km ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ zute Namibia na ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ya. Ebe kachasị elu bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nde abụọ narị ise na iri itoolu na abụọ m(Mt Inyangani)
ihu igwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe dịgasị iche iche site na ịdị elu na Ndịda Highlands nke ọnụ Ọgụgụ ndịa ;1878m n'elu oke osimiri na-adị karie mmiri ma na-ajụ oyi. E nwere oge ọkọchị, gụnyere oge dị mkpirikpi oge oyi n'oge ọnwa Mee ruo ọnwa Septemba mgbe mba ahụ dum nwere obere mmiri ozuzo. Oge mmiri ozuzo na-abụkarị oge nnukwu mmiri ozuzo site na ọnwa Nọvemba ruo ọnwa Machị. Mba ahụ dum dị nke akpọrọ interropical convergence; mpaghara n'oge ọnwa Jenụwarị. N'ime afọ ndị a kọwaghị ya nke ọma, mmiri ozuzo na-ezo n'okpuru nkezi na ohere nke oke ọkọchị na mba ahụ, dị ka o mere na afọ 1983 na kwa afọ 1992. Mgbe akọwapụtara ya nke ọma mmiri ozuzo bụ nkezi ma ọ bụ karịa nkezi, dị ka na afọ 1981 na kwa afọ 1986. enwere ike ịkekọrịta ihu igwe n'ime mpaghara atọ, mpaghara na-ekpo ọkụ (lowveld na akụkụ nke middleveld), mpaghara na-okpomọkụ ( fọdụrụ na middleveld na oké veld) na mpaghara dị jụụ (Ndịda Highlands) [ihe odide dị mkpa][1][2]
Ihe Nlereanya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Climate data for Harare (1961–1990, extremes 1897–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.9 (93.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
28.8 (83.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
35.3 (95.5) |
33.5 (92.3) |
36.7 (98.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.8 (74.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
13.7 (56.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
9.3 (48.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
6.5 (43.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
4.7 (40.5) |
2.8 (37.0) |
0.1 (32.2) |
0.1 (32.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.1 (39.4) |
5.1 (41.2) |
6.1 (43.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
0.1 (32.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 190.8 (7.51) |
176.3 (6.94) |
99.1 (3.90) |
37.2 (1.46) |
7.4 (0.29) |
1.8 (0.07) |
2.3 (0.09) |
2.9 (0.11) |
6.5 (0.26) |
40.4 (1.59) |
93.2 (3.67) |
182.7 (7.19) |
840.6 (33.09) |
| Average precipitation days | 17 | 14 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 16 | 82 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76 | 77 | 72 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 50 | 45 | 48 | 63 | 73 | 62 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 217.0 | 190.4 | 232.5 | 249.0 | 269.7 | 264.0 | 279.0 | 300.7 | 294.0 | 285.2 | 231.0 | 198.4 | 3,010.9 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.0 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 6.4 | 8.2 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[3] NOAA (sun and mean temperature, 1961–1990),[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1954–1975),[5] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[6] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Bulawayo (1961-1990 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.7 (98.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
35.6 (96.1) |
33.0 (91.4) |
30.6 (87.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.3 (82.9) |
32.2 (90.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
37.2 (99.0) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.2 (99.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 27.7 (81.9) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.1 (75.4) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.7 (83.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
18.7 (65.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.9 (67.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.4 (70.5) |
18.9 (66.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
15.3 (59.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.4 (54.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
1.4 (34.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 117.8 (4.64) |
104.6 (4.12) |
51.4 (2.02) |
33.3 (1.31) |
7.0 (0.28) |
2.2 (0.09) |
1.0 (0.04) |
1.4 (0.06) |
7.0 (0.28) |
38.4 (1.51) |
91.1 (3.59) |
120.3 (4.74) |
575.5 (22.66) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 51 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 69 | 71 | 70 | 62 | 56 | 54 | 48 | 43 | 41 | 43 | 55 | 63 | 56 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 244.9 | 212.8 | 251.1 | 252.0 | 279.0 | 267.0 | 288.3 | 300.7 | 288.0 | 272.8 | 237.0 | 226.3 | 3,119.9 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.9 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 7.3 | 8.5 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[7] NOAA (sun and mean temperature, 1961–1990)[8] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes and humidity)[9] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Hwange (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 29.2 (84.6) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.9 (82.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.9 (80.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.7 (89.1) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.4 (83.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
16.8 (62.2) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.7 (47.7) |
4.9 (40.8) |
4.6 (40.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
17.5 (63.5) |
18.0 (64.4) |
12.9 (55.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 145.1 (5.71) |
128.9 (5.07) |
57.1 (2.25) |
20.3 (0.80) |
2.6 (0.10) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.6 (0.02) |
1.6 (0.06) |
21.4 (0.84) |
55.8 (2.20) |
126.5 (4.98) |
560.0 (22.05) |
| Average rainy days | 12 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 56 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization[10] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Gweru (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
24.7 (76.5) |
22.9 (73.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.3 (73.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
24.9 (76.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
11.3 (52.3) |
7.6 (45.7) |
4.9 (40.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.5 (43.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
13.1 (55.6) |
14.5 (58.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 139.1 (5.48) |
124.8 (4.91) |
55.9 (2.20) |
29.0 (1.14) |
7.7 (0.30) |
1.9 (0.07) |
1.0 (0.04) |
1.9 (0.07) |
9.3 (0.37) |
35.1 (1.38) |
96.2 (3.79) |
159.4 (6.28) |
661.3 (26.04) |
| Average rainy days | 12 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 60 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization[11] | |||||||||||||
Ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọtụtụ n'ime mba ahụ dị n'elu ala dị larịị nke nwere ala dị elu n'etiti (ọhịa dị elu) nke na-emepụta mmiri dị n'etiti usoro osimiri Zambezi na Limpopo. Mpaghara mmiri dị larịị bụ akụkụ nke ala ochie a na-akpọ Afrịka Surface na-ekpuchi nnukwu mpaghara nke kọntinent ahụ.[12][13] Ọ bụ ezie na Afrịka na-ebi ebe dị elu, mkpali na obere nke akpọrọ interfluves na bekee "post-African" na-eto eto na-ebi na ọnọdụ dị ala na oge ụfọdụ nkume dome, koppies na tors na-apụta na-agbagharị ma ọ bụ ala dị larịị. Limpopo na ndagwurugwu Zambezi dị ala bụ mbara ala sara mbara ma dị larịị. Ọgwụgwụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mmiri ahụ na-agwụ na ugwu, nke a na-akpọ Ndịda Highlands.[12] E buliri ugwu ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya (Late Pliocene ma ọ bụ Pleistocene) na-eme ka mmiri nke Osimiri Zambezi nke dị n'elu nke na-asọba n'Osimiri nke Limpopo n'ebe ọwụwa Anyanwụ gaa n'ọnụ ụzọ ya ugbua na Mozambique Channel.[14][15] Ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ- na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ ugwu na mmiri na-agbaso axis nke akpọrọ epereirogenic flexure.[14]
Elu dị oke elu: ebe kachasị ala: njikọ nke osimiri akpọrọ Runde na Save ọnụ Ọgụgụ otú narị iri isii na abụọ m ebe kachasị elu: Ugwu Nyangani ọnụ Ọgụgụ ndịa ; 2,592 m
Ihe ndị sitere n'okike: Nke ihe a na akpọ ya na bekee bụ ndịa ;coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, diamond, platinum group metals
Ojiji ala: ala a na-akọ ugbo dị na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a : 10.49% ihe ọkụkụ na-adịgide adịgide: 0.31% ndị ọzọ: 89.20% (2011)
Ala a na-agba mmiri: nke ọnụ Ọgụgụ ya bụ nkea 1,735 km2 (2003)
Ngụkọta mmiri a na-agbanwe agbanwe: dị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke a iri abụọ km3 (2011)
Ihe ize ndụ sitere n'okike: oké mmiri ozuzo; idei mmiri na oké ifufe anaghị adịkarị
Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi ugbu a: mgbukpọ ọhịa; mbuze ala; mmebi ala; mmetọ ikuku na mmiri; ìgwè anụ rhinoceros ojii bụ otu oge e belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke ụdị dị iche iche n'ụwa; omume igwu ala na-adịghị mma emeela ka ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu na mmetọ ígwè dị arọ[16]
Nkwekọrịta mba ụwa: Nkwekọ dị iche iche, Mgbanwe ihu igwe, Ọzara, Ụdị Ndị Na-achọ Ịdị n'Ọdịdị, Iwu Oké Osimiri, Nchebe Ozone Layer bịanyere aka, mana a kwadoghị ya: ọ dịghị nkwekọrịta ọ bụla ahọrọ.
Hydrology: A na-ekewa mba ahụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri isii. Ndị kasị ukwuu bụ Zambezi na mba Limpopo. Akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Matabeleland jikọtara na ọdọ mmiri Okavango site na Osimiri Nata. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndịda Mashonaland na akụkụ ndị dị nso na Masvingo na-esi n'osimiri S
Nchekwa banye n'Oké Osimiri India. Obere mmiri abụọ na-ekpuchi akụkụ Manicaland, ma na-abanye n'Oké Osimiri India site na Mozambique. Ndị a bụ osimiri Pungwe n'ebe ugwu na osimiri Buzi n'ebe ndịda. A mụọla njem sediment maka osimiri na Zimbabwe site na iji ụdị njem mmiri HBV.
Ụdị e si eji ala eme ihe:
- N'elu otu nde na iri ise mm / afọ na ụfọdụ mmiri ozuzo n'ọnwa niile nke afọ Afforeon, mkpụrụ osisi, tii, kọfị na mmepụta anụ ụlọ.
- 750ī1000 mm / afọ na-ejedebe n'oge ọkọchị akọwapụtara nke ọma Nnukwu ihe ọkụkụ na anụ ụlọ na-emepụta ihe.
- 6500 mm / afọ na oge ọkọchị n'etiti oge mmepụta anụ ụlọ na ihe ọkụkụ. Mmepụta nke ọka, ụtaba na ogho.
- 450650 mm / afọ na oge ọkọchị oge na oge mmiri ozuzo siri ike. Mmepụta anụ ụlọ na ihe ọkụkụ na-eguzogide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.
- Ọ dị ala ma na-agbanwe agbanwe maka ọbụna nri na ọka na-eguzogide oke ọkọchị. Anụ ụlọ buru ibu na / ma ọ bụ anụ ọhịa.[17]
Ihe ndị dị oke mkpa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nke a bụ ndepụta nke ebe ndị dị oke mkpa na Zimbabwe, ebe ndị dị n'ebe ugwu, ndịda, ọwụwa anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ọdịda anyanwụ karịa ebe ọ bụla ọzọ.
- Ebe kachasị n'ebe ugwu bụ ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na Zambia n'osimiri Zambezi n'ebe ndịda nke obodo Kanyemba, Mashonaland West province
- Ebe kachasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na Mozambique ozugbo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Vera nke Mozambique, mpaghara Manicaland
- Ebe kachasị n'ebe ndịda bụ ebe atọ na South Africa na Mozambique, Masvingo Province
- Ebe kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ bụ ebe atọ dị na Botswana na Zambia, mpaghara Matabeleland North, ihe dị ka mita 150 site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Namibia n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe anọ.
Ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe na Zimbabwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe bụ ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị mma maka ndị mmadụ na ọrụ ha nke sitere na ọnọdụ ihu igwe. A pụghị igbochi ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a mana enwere ike ibelata mmetụta ha. Ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe gụnyere ọnọdụ ihu igwe ọ bụla na-eme n'ụzọ okike nke nwere ike ịkpata ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mebie ndị mmadụ.[18] Ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe dị iche iche na-emetụta Zimbabwe gụnyere ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, idei mmiri, oke okpomọkụ, ọkụ na ọkụ ọhịa n'ime narị afọ gara aga. Ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe ndị a emetụtala ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na Zimbabwe na-akpata ọtụtụ ọnwụ na ihe ịma aka ndị ọzọ.[19] Mpaghara iri na isii gafee mpaghara isii Manicaland, Mashonaland Etiti Mashonalland Ndida, Mashonal and Ndida Midlands na Matabeleland Ugwu na Zimbabwe enweela nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na idei mmiri ebe ọ bụ na oge mmiri ozuzo na afọ 2021/2022 malitere n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2021. Usoro ihu igwe Tropical Storm Ana wetara nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na Zimbabwe na ngwụcha ọnwa Jenụwarị, na-akpata idei mmiri na mmebi, na-emetụta ụlọ narị asatọ iri anọ na ise na ụlọ akwụkwọ 51.[20]
Ụdị ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe nke metụtara Zimbabwe.[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe kachasị metụtara Zimbabwe gụnyere:
- Oké ọkọchị
- Idei Mmiri
- Ìhè
- Frost
- Oké okpomọkụ
- Ọkụ Ọhịa[21]
Oké ọkọchị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Oké ọkọchị na-emetụta oge ihu igwe kpọrọ nkụ nke na-esikarị na obere mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ enweghị mmiri ozuzo na-eduga na enweghị mmiri.[22]
Mmetụta nke Oké Ọchịchị na Zimbabwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na Zimbabwe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-ebu ọtụtụ mmetụta nke gụnyere ihe ndị na-eduga na ọgụ akụ na ụba ka ọnụego ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu ka ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enwe ọdịda ihe ọkụkụ na ọnwụ anụ ụlọ na ọkụ ọhịa. N'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, mba ahụ na-eche nnukwu ụkọ mmiri ihu yana oke mbelata ọkụ eletrik.[23]
Mbelata[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Iji belata mmetụta nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo mba ahụ nwere ike ime ka ịgha mkpụrụ igwe ojii, itinye ihe ubi na GMBs n'ime afọ ndị na-amị mkpụrụ, na-agba mmiri.[24]
Iwu na ịrụzi ihe mgbochi mmiri na osimiri ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ ha[25]
Idei Mmiri[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Idei mmiri na-ezo aka na mmiri na-adịghị mma nke mmiri buru ibu karịa ókè ya, ọkachasị n'ihe na-abụkarị ala ọkọchị. Ihe ndị a na-akpata mmiri ozuzo na cyclones na-adịghị mma.
Mmetụta nke idie Mmiri na Zimbabwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mmetụta ndị bụ isi nke idei mmiri gụnyere ọnwụ na mmebi ụlọ na ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ, gụnyere àkwà mmiri, usoro nsị, okporo ụzọ, na ọwa mmiri. Idei mmiri na-emebikarị nnyefe ike na mgbe ụfọdụ mmepụta ike. Mba ahụ enwekwara nsogbu akụ na ụba ihu n'ihi mbelata nwa oge na njem nleta, ụgwọ iwu ụlọ, ma ọ bụ ụkọ nri na-eduga na ịrị elu ọnụahịa bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị mgbe nnukwu idei mmiri gasịrị.[26][23][27]
Mbelata[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2022, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Obodo (DCP) guzobere ebe obibi ọnụ Ọgụgụ narị ato iri itoolu na anọ na mpaghara Manicaland iji dozie mmetụta nke Cyclone Ana. Nke a bụ ụzọ gọọmentị si belata mmetụta nke idei mmiri ahụ dị ka a chọpụtara na akụkụ nke mpaghara Mutasa na Chimanimani enwetala ifufe siri ike na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo metụtara oké ifufe ahụ.[28] Ụzọ ọzọ iji belata mmetụta nke idei mmiri bụ ịkwaga ndị mmadụ tupu n'oge na mgbe idei mmiri gasịrị ma hụ na onye ọ bụla nọ n'ebe dị nchebe mgbe oké ifufe ahụ kụrụ arear. A na-ahụ nke a na Zimbabwe ebe ndị ọchịchị mara ọkwa na ụmụaka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ si n'ógbè ndị kachasị njọ ekwesịghị ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ kama ha ga-anọ n'ụlọ n'ụbọchị ndị a tụrụ anya ajọ ifufe Freddy.[29][30]
Amụma[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-ejikọta àmụ̀mà na usoro ihu igwe ebe enwere ọkụ eletrik sitere na igwe ojii nke na-eme n'oge dị mkpirikpi ma na-ekpo ọkụ n'ala ma ọ bụ ala, ọ na-esokarị ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na égbè eluigwe. Ihe nwere ike imebi ọtụtụ ihe ma nwee ike ide ize ndu maka ndụ mmadụ.[31]
Mmetụta nke ọkụ amụma na Zimbabwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
lhe na-emerụ ahụ nke ukwuu; ọ na-emetụta ma ihe oriri yana akụrụngwa. A kpọgara ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ma ụfọdụ anwụọla n'ihi mmetụta nke àmụ̀mà nke a gosipụtara mgbe àmụ̀tụ̀mà kụrụ ma merụọ ndị mkpọrọ nwoke iri na atọ ahụ mgbe ha na-eri nri ehihie n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Zimbabwe, na n'ebe ụfọdụ karịsịa ogige egwuregwu ọtụtụ anụmanụ anwụọla site na ọkụ amụma.[32][33] ọkụ amụma nwekwara ndekọ nke ibibi akụrụngwa, otu ezinụlọ dị na Beitbridge hapụrụ n'ụgbọ mmiri ka ha furu ụlọ ha n'ihi àmụ̀mà.[34]
Mbelata[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Iji gbochie ma belata mmetụta nke ọkụ amụma ; a na-adụ ndị mmadụ ọdụ ka ha zere ebe ghere oghe yana iguzo n'okpuru osisi na iji hụ na ụlọ nwere nchebe ọkụ n'ihi na nke a ga-enyere aka ichebe ụlọ ahụ pụọ na ọkụ amụma ya mere obere ihe ize ndụ nke imetụta.[35]
Frost[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ntụ oyi na-eme mgbe ọnọdụ ihu igwe gbanwere na-akpata nkwụnye nke obere oyi crystals na-acha ọcha mepụtara n'ala, windo, ụgbọala ma ọ bụ ebe ndị ọzọ na-emeghe mgbe okpomọkụ na-ada n'okpuru oyi.[36]
Mmetụta nke Ntụ oyi na Zimbabwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'afọ 2021, onye nduzi Zimbabwe nke Farmers Union Paul Zakariya kwupụtara na ọtụtụ ndị na-eme nri na-emetụta oyi ka o kwuru na ha enwetala ọtụtụ akụkọ banyere oyi nke metụtara ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ gafee ndị ọrụ ugbo Zimbabwe na ọnọdụ oyi.[37] N'ebe ụfọdụ dị ka Matobo, oyi na-eyi na-emetụtakarị ndị mmadụ mgbe niile site na oyi n'ihi na oyi ga-emetụta ha.
Mbelata[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọkachamara n'ọrụ ugbo Maazị Ivan Craig gbara ndị ọrụ ugbo ume ka ha belata mmebi nke ihe ọkụkụ na oyi site n'ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-adịchaghị enwe oyi n'oge oyi ndị a bụ yabasị, peas, galik, cauliflower, broccoli, carrot na cabbage n'oge okpomọkụ n'etiti ndị ọzọ. A na-agba ndị mmadụ nọ n'ebe oyi na-emetụta mgbe niile ume ka ha na-ekpo ọkụ oge niile iji zere ịmalite oyi. Ndị ọrụ ugbo nwekwara ike iwu mgbidi ahịhịa ahịhịhịa gburugburu ubi ma ọ bụ kpọọ nsị ehi ọkụ gburugburu ubi n'ihi na nke a ga-enyere aka ijide oyi mgbe ọ bịara.[38]
Ndemsibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Nhandara (1991). GEOGRAPHY TODAY PHYSICAL, 1ST (in ENGLISH), HARARE ZIMBABWE: ZIMBABWE PUBLISHING HOUSE. ISBN 0908300360.
- ↑ Ngwazikazana (2018). FOCUS ON GEOGRAPHY, 1ST (in ENGLISH), HARARE, ZIMBABWE: COLLEGE PRESS, PP=16. ISBN 9781779301093.
- ↑ World Weather Information Service – Harare. World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 29 August 2019. Retrieved on 12 May 2023.
- ↑ Harare Kutsaga Climate Normals 1961–1990. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
- ↑ Klimatafel von Harare-Kutsaga (Salisbury) / Simbabwe (de). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world. Deutscher Wetterdienst.
- ↑ Station Harare (fr). Meteo Climat.
- ↑ World Weather Information Service – Bulawayo. World Meteorological Organization.
- ↑ Bulawayo Airport Climate Normals 1961–1990. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
- ↑ Klimatafel von Bulawayo (Goetz-Observatorium) / Simbabwe (de). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world. Deutscher Wetterdienst.
- ↑ World Weather Information Service – Hwange. World Meteorological Organization.
- ↑ World Weather Information Service – Gweru. World Meteorological Organization.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Römer (2010). "Multiple planation surfaces in basement regions: Implications for the reconstruction of periods of denudation and uplift in southern Zimbabwe". Geomorphology 114 (3): 199–212. DOI:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.07.001.
- ↑ Burke (2008). The African Erosion Surface: A Continental-Scale Synthesis of Geomorphology, Tectonics, and Environmental Change over the Past 180 Million Years. The Geological Society of America. ISBN 978-0-8137-1201-7.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Moore (1999). "A reapprisal of epeirogenic flexure axes in southern Africa". South African Journal of Geology 102 (4): 363–376.
- ↑ Goudie (2005). "The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous". Geomorphology 67 (3–4): 437–456. DOI:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.008.
- ↑ Robinson (2023-01-09). The Biggest Environmental Problems Of 2021 (en). Earth.Org. Retrieved on 2023-04-03.
- ↑ Source: CSO (1997, 144)
- ↑ weather hazard Definition (en). Law Insider. Retrieved on 2023-03-25.
- ↑ World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal (en). climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org. Retrieved on 2023-03-25.
- ↑ Zimbabwe: Floods and Storms I Flash Update No. 1, 3 February 2022 - Zimbabwe | ReliefWeb (en). reliefweb.int. Retrieved on 2023-03-25.
- ↑ 8 Main Types of Weather Hazards | Meteorology (en-US). Your Article Library (2016-08-18). Retrieved on 2023-03-25.
- ↑ US Department of Commerce. What is meant by the term drought? (EN-US). www.weather.gov. Retrieved on 2023-03-25.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 garikaib (2023-01-24). Floods (en-GB). Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes. Retrieved on 2023-03-25.
- ↑ garikaib (2023-01-24). Drought (en-GB). Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes. Retrieved on 2023-03-25.
- ↑ Ongoing Projects - Zinwa (en-US) (2022-06-15). Retrieved on 2023-04-03.
- ↑ Floods - Causes and Effects of Flooding | Flood Protection. www.english-online.at. Retrieved on 2023-03-25.
- ↑ Newsday. Cyclone Ana hits Zim (en). NewsDay. Retrieved on 2023-03-25.
- ↑ 5 Cyclones To Hit Zimbabwe – ZimEye (en-US). Retrieved on 2023-03-25.
- ↑ Cyclone Freddy: Schools Shut – ZimEye (en-US). Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Chronicle. Cyclone Freddy: Schools to remain closed until Tuesday (en-GB). The Chronicle. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Definition of lightning | Dictionary.com (en). www.dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Lightning strikes 13 Zimbabwe prisoners having lunch (en-US). News24. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Lightning turns rainy season into a nightmare – Zimbabwe Situation (en-US). Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Lightning strikes huts in Siyoka – Zimbabwe Situation (en-US). Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Lightning (en-US). Palmer Construction Zimbabwe. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ frost (en). education.nationalgeographic.org. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Several Zimbabwean growers hit by frosty conditions (EN). www.freshplaza.com. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Farmers advised on frost – Zimbabwe Situation (en-US). Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
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Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Map ala nke Zimbabwe European Digital Archive na Map ala nke ụwa
Wikimedia Atlas of ZimbabweÀtụ:Geography of ZimbabweÀtụ:Geography of AfricaÀtụ:Africa topicÀtụ:Zimbabwean topics