Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Ugbo na Iwu Azụmaahịa

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Usòrò:IATP House.jpg
Ụlọ Caroline Crosby nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, 2105 First Avenue South, Minneapolis. Ugbu a ụlọ IATP.

The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) bụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na nkwado mba ụwa na-enweghị uru nke na-akwalite usoro nri, ugbo, na azụmahịa na-adịgide adịgide. IATP nwere ọfịs na Minneapolis, Minnesota, Washington, D.C., Geneva, Switzerland na Berlin, Germany.[1]

Ebe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

IATP na-arụ ọrụ iji jikọta nkwado n'ime usoro nri na ugbo, site na ịkwado ndị ọrụ ugbo na gburugburu ebe obibi iji hụ na mmadụ niile nwere nri dị mma. IATP na-akọwa mmetụta nkwekọrịta azụmahịa nwere na ndị ọrụ ugbo, ndị na-azụ ahịa na gburugburu ebe obibi, ka ha na-akwalite usoro azụmahịa ziri ezi nke na-akwado mmepe obodo, ọrụ na ikike mmadụ, na ụlọ ọrụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. IATP na-emepụta ụdị akụ na ụba ọzọ nke na-ejikọta nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe ime obodo.

Ihe ndị dị mkpa n'usoro iheomume[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 1987, IATP malitere Sustainable Agriculture Computer Network na email, ịnweta data na nyocha, ọrụ waya akụkọ, nzukọ elektrọnik na bọọdụ bulletin.[2]

N'afọ 1990, IATP kesara Trading Away Our Future, vidiyo banyere otu General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) si emetụta iwu ọrụ ugbo nke America, nye ihe karịrị 1,000 ndị na-ahazi mpaghara, ndị isi echiche na ndị nkuzi.

N'afọ 1991, na New York, IATP duziri ọzụzụ na nhazi atụmatụ maka ndị mmekọ 20 na nkwadebe maka Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Mmepe.

N'afọ 1992, Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Mmepe, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Nzukọ Ụwa, zutere na Rio de Janeiro; IATP kwadoro Global Forum na GATT na nzukọ ahụ.

N'afọ 1995, IATP mere usoro ihe omume na mba niile na ndị guzobere Bretton Woods na ụlọ ọrụ United Nations, nke mere ka [akwụkwọ nke edemede iri abụọ] site n'aka ndị sonyere.[3]

N'afọ 1996, IATP guzobere Peace Coffee na mmekorita ya na onye mmeri Nobel Peace Prize nke Guatemala Rigoberta Menchú.[4]

N'afọ 1997, IATP debanyere TransFair USA, ụlọ ọrụ US mbụ na-enye asambodo azụmahịa ziri ezi.[5][6]

N'afọ 1998, IATP mere emume ncheta afọ iri ise nke Universal Declaration of Human Rights na ihe omume na New York City na Jesse Jackson, John Sweeney na ndị ọzọ.[7]

N'afọ 2000, ya na ìgwè isii ndị ọzọ, IATP malitere Genetically Engineered Food Alert iji maa ojiji nke ihe ọkụkụ na-emepụta ihe na nri aka.[8][9] N'otu afọ ahụ, IATP malitere Trade Information Project na Geneva iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ozi na World Trade Organization (WTO) maka ndị NGO gburugburu ụwa.

N'afọ 2001, IATP mepụtara Eat Well Guide, akwụkwọ ntanetị nke anụ, ọkụkọ, mmiri ara ehi na àkwá dị na ugbo, ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ndị ahịa n'ịntanetị.[10]

N'afọ 2005, IATP bipụtara nkatọ nke usoro enyemaka nri US maka ibelata usoro nri mpaghara na mba ndị dara ogbenye. WTO nwere ozi nke isii ya na Hong Kong. IATP nyere aka ịhazi Fair Trade na Symposium dị nso na nzukọ WTO, iji mee ka usoro azụmahịa ziri ezi maka ndị nnọchiteanya WTO pụta ìhè.

N'afọ 2006, IATP bipụtara akụkọ, nke e chịkọtara na The New York Times, banyere ihe arsenic na ngwaahịa ọkụkọ US.[11]

N'afọ 2008, John Nichols nke The Nation họpụtara IATP dị ka "Most Valuable Policy Group" na ndepụta ya kachasị mma nke afọ 2008. na mmemme Food and Society Fellows kwagara na IATP, na-ejikọta ndị isi nri, ndị ọrụ ugbo, ndị na-edozi ahụ, ndị na'omume, ndị ọkachamara na ahụike ọha na eze, ndị ọkụ azụ, ndị ọkachamara iwu na ndị ọkà mmụta na-arụ ọrụ iji mepụta usoro nri na-adịgide adịgide.[12]

N'afọ 2009, IATP wepụtara akụkọ, Not So Sweet: Missing Mercury and High Fructose Corn Syrup, nke nyochara ọnụnọ nke mercury na nnukwu fructose corn syrup.[13][14]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Minnesota Secretary of State Mark Ritchie laghachiri na United States site na nzukọ Geneva nke 1986 wee tinye Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru, nke na-anaghị atụ ụtụ isi, na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite obodo ime obodo na-adịgide adịgide.[15] N'afọ 1987, IATP malitere ịhazi ma kọọ akụkọ banyere mkparịta ụka azụmaahịa mba ụwa nke GATT na-eduzi, nke mechara bụrụ WTO. Iwu nke azụmahịa ugbo nke e debere na GATT ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na WTO enweela mmetụta miri emi na iwu ugbo mba na mpaghara gburugburu ụwa n'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga.[16]

N'afọ ndị 1990, IATP gbasaa karịa ka ọ lekwasịrị anya na ụlọ ọrụ iwu mba ụwa dị ka WTO, na nkwekọrịta azụmahịa n'efu dị ka North American Free Trade Agreement, iji tinye nkwalite nke ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị mma na akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi na-ebibi ọrụ ugbo na azụmahịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Center for Agriculture and the Environment na Netherlands, IATP mepụtara ngwaọrụ iji nyere ndị ọrụ ugbo US aka ịbawanye ego ha na-enweta site n'ibelata ojiji fatịlaịza n'ugbo.

Jim Harkness ghọrọ onye isi oche ọhụrụ nke IATP na 2006, mgbe ọ nọrọ afọ 16 gara aga na China, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka onye isi nchịkwa maka World Wildlife Fund na China. N'afọ 2014, Juliette Majot ghọrọ onye isi oche nke atọ nke nzukọ ahụ, na-agbanwe aha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa.

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. www2.world-governance.org. Archived from the original on 2023-05-24. Retrieved on 2023-05-24.
  2. ↑ Nathan Newman, Net Loss: Internet Prophets, Private Profits, and the Costs to Community (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002) 314-315.
  3. ↑ Orin Kirshner, The Bretton Woods-GATT System: Retrospect and Prospect After Fifty Years (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996).
  4. ↑ Peace Making. IATP.. Retrieved on April 14, 2009.
  5. ↑ Daniel Jaffee, Brewing Justice: Fair Trade Coffee, Sustainability, and Survival, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007) 14-15.
  6. ↑ Jacqueline DeCarlo, Fair Trade, (Oxford: Oneworld, 2008) 80-81.
  7. ↑ From Aspiration to Activist Agenda: Achieving Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the U.S. (CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS). IATP.. Archived from the original on February 11, 1998. Retrieved on April 14, 2009.
  8. ↑ Internet Archive capture of Genetically Engineered Food Alert webpage, August 17, 2000
  9. ↑ Margot Roosevelt for Time Magazine. Monday, Jul. 31, 2000 Inside The Protests: Taking It To Main Street
  10. ↑ The Eat Well Guided Tour of America. www.sustainabletable.org. Archived from the original on 2007-10-23.
  11. ↑ Marian Burros, “Chicken With Arsenic? Is That O.K.?” New York Times April 5, 3006, September 12, 2008
  12. ↑ John Nichols, "Most Valuable Progressives of 2008," The Nation-Beat Blog, entry posted December 31, 2008, http://www.thenation.com/blogs/thebeat/392577/most_valuable_progressives_of_2008?rel=hp_blogs_box
  13. ↑ "Study Finds High-Fructose Corn Syrup Contains Mercury," The Washington Post, January 28, 2009.
  14. ↑ "US researchers find traces of toxic mercury in high-fructose corn syrup," The Guardian, January 27, 2009.
  15. ↑ Susan Ariel Aaronson, Taking Trade to the Streets: The Lost History of Public Efforts to Shape Globalization (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001) 142-173.
  16. ↑ Jeremy Brecher and Tim Costello, Global Village or Global Pillage: Economic Reconstruction From the Bottom Up (Boston: South End Press, 1994) 96-97.

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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