Anna Winlock
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| Aha enyere | Anna |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Winlock |
| Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 15 Septemba 1857 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Cambridge |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 4 Jenụwarị 1904 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Boston |
| Ńnà | Joseph Winlock |
| Ọrụ ọ na-arụ | Onye na-enyocha mbara igwe |
| ụdị ọrụ ya | astronomy |
| onye were ọrụ | Harvard College Observatory |
| Onye òtù nke | Harvard Computers |
Anna Winlock (1857–1904) bụ onye America na- enyocha mbara igwe na kọmpụta mmadụ, otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na otu nwanyị kọmputa nke a maara dị ka " Havard Computers ." O mere katalọgụ kpakpando zuru oke n'akụkụ mkpanaka ugwu na ndịda nke oge ya. A na-echetakwa ya maka ngụkọ ya na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara asteroids . Karịsịa, o mere mgbakọ na 433 Eros na 475 Ocllo .
Mbido Afọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A mụrụ Winlock na onwa Septemba 15, 1857 na Cambridge, Massachusetts, nye onye na-enyocha mbara igwe Joseph Winlock na Isabella Lane. [1] Winlock gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Cambridge mgbe ọ bụ nwata wee malite inwe mmasị na mgbakọ na mwepụ na asụsụ Grik . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ natara akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka onyeisi ụlọ akwụkwọ na-ekwupụta ekele o nwere maka onye Grik ya na àgwà ya. Nna ya mere ka o nwee mmasị na mbara igwe. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, ya na nna ya gara njem nlegharị anya n'ehihie na steeti Kentucky . Na June 1875, Joseph nwụrụ obere oge ka Winlock gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Winlock gbasoro nzọụkwụ nna ya ngwa ngwa wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ọrụ nwanyị mbụ na-akwụ ụgwọ na Harvard College Observatory .
Harvard College Observatory[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mgbe nna ya nwụrụ, ọ dakwasịrị ya ịchọta nkwado ego maka nne ya na ụmụnne ya anọ, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ọ gakwuuru Harvard College Observatory na-achọ ọrụ na mgbako. Kpọmkwem, ọ nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nyocha na-ebelataghị, ọnụọgụ iri ọnụ ahịa na steeti enweghị isi, nke nna ya ahapụbeghị. Onye na-ahụ maka oge na-ahụ maka nyocha ahụ mere mkpesa na ọ pụghị ịhazi data ahụ, n'ihi na "ọnọdụ nke ego bụ ihe mgbochi iji were onye ọ bụla." [2] Winlock gosipụtara onwe ya n'ihu ndị na-ekiri ihe ma nyefee ya iji belata ihe ndị ahụ. Ebe nna ya webatara ya na ụkpụrụ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na mbara igwe n'oge gara aga, ọ dị ka ihe bara uru na ụlọ nyocha na enwere ike ịkwụ ya ihe na-erughị ọkara ọnụego a na-enwe maka ịgbakọ n'oge ahụ. Harvard nwere ike ịnye cents iri abụọ na ise ya otu awa iji mee mgbakọ ahụ. Winlock chọtara ọnọdụ ndị a nabatara wee were ọnọdụ ahụ. [2]
N'ihe na-erughị otu afọ, ụmụ nwanyị atọ ọzọ bụ́ ndị jere ozi dị ka kọmputa sonyeere ya n'ebe a na-ekiri ihe nkiri; a bịara mara ha dị ka Pickering's Harem, na-enweta aha ọma maka ịhapụ ihe atụ na-adịghị mma na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti gọọmenti n'ihi obere ụgwọ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ọrụ siri ike, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị oke mma. [3] Winlock hụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ọrụ a ga-arụ na mbara igwe, karịsịa maka ụmụ nwanyị. Site na mmepe nke onwe ya dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na ntinye aka ya na-adịgide adịgide na mmemme kpakpando nke ụlọ nyocha, o jere ozi dị ka ihe atụ na ụmụ nwanyị nwekwara ike dị ka ndị ikom na-arụ ọrụ nkà mmụta mbara igwe. [4]
Nnukwu ntinye otinyere[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Site na ọrụ afọ iri atọ ya na Harvard College Observatory, Winlock nyere aka n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị nlekọta chere ihu. Ọrụ ya kacha pụta ìhè gụnyere ọrụ na-aga n'ihu na nke siri ike nke ibelata na ịgbakọ ihe nleba anya gburugburu meridian . Afọ ise tupu mgbe ahụ n'okpuru nduzi nke nna ya, Ndị na ejegharị anya na-arụkọ ọrụ na nleghari anya na otutu mba ọzọ na a oru ngo maka ịkwadebe a keukwu kpakpando katalọgụ. E kewara oru a n'ime ngalaba ma ọ bụ mpaghara site na okirikiri yiri nke celestial equator. Winlock malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ngalaba a na-akpọ "Cambridge Mpaghara" obere oge ka ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ were ya n'ọrụ. Na-arụ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ na ọrụ ahụ, ọrụ ndị otu ya na-arụ na mpaghara Cambridge nyere aka nke ukwuu na Astronomische Gesellschaft Katalog, nke nwere ozi gbasara ihe karịrị otu narị puku kpakpando ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ụwa nile site na ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na ndị na-eme nchọpụta ha. [1] E wezụga ọrụ ya na Mpaghara Cambridge, o nyekwara aka n'ọtụtụ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya. Ọ na-ahụ maka mmepụta nke Observatory Annals (nchịkọta tebụl na-enye ọnọdụ nke kpakpando agbanwe agbanwe na ụyọkọ) n'ime mpịakọta 38.
Ọnwụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọnwụ Winlock bụ ihe ịtụ na ányá. Na ọnwa Disemba 17, 1904, ọ gara 'Harvard College Observatory' maka ihe ga-abụ oge ikpeazụ, ọ nọgidekwara na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ezumike. Ntinye ikpeazụ n'akwụkwọ mbelata ya bụ na afo ọhụrụ na afọ 1904. Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 47 na Boston, Massachusetts. E mere emume olili ozu ya na St. John's Chapel na Cambridge. [1] [5]
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Byrd (1904). "Anna Winlock". Popular Astronomy 12: 254–258. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Grier (2005). When Computers Were Human, 3. print. and 1. paperback print., Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691091579.
- ↑ Grier (2005). When Computers Were Human, 3. print. and 1. paperback print., Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691091579.
- ↑ Jones (1971). The Harvard College Observatory: The First Four Directorships, 1839-1919, Foreword by Donald H. Menzel, Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674374607.
- ↑ "Distinguished Woman", Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society, May 1904. Retrieved on 22 March 2014.