HIV/AIDS

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HIV/AIDS
Other namesHIV disease, HIV infection[1][2]
A red ribbon in the shape of a bow
The red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS.[3]
SymptomsEarly: Flu-like illness[4]
Later: Large lymph nodes, fever, weight loss[4]
ComplicationsOpportunistic infections, tumors[4]
DurationLifelong[4]
CausesHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)[4]
Risk factorsExposure to blood, breast milk, sex[4]
Diagnostic methodBlood tests[4]
PreventionSafe sex, needle exchange, male circumcision, pre-exposure prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis[4]
TreatmentAntiretroviral therapy[4]
PrognosisNear normal life expectancy with treatment[5][6]
11 years life expectancy without treatment[7]
Frequency1.7 million new cases (2018)[8]
37.9 million living with HIV (2018)[8]
Deaths770,000 (2018)[8]

Ọrịa Nchekwa Ahu na oria mminwu nke bekee kporo immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) bụ ụdị ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke nje oria nchekwa ahu butere (HIV). [9] [10] [11] Onye butere oria na mbụ nwere ike ọ gaghị ahụ ihe mgbaàmà ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịnwe ogologo ọrịa yiri influenza . [4] Nke a na esote ahu anwuwu, ogologo oge na-enweghị mgbaama obula. [5] Ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ndi a na-aga n'ihu, ọ na-emetụta usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ ndi ozo O emekwa ka onye odi na ahu bido riwa umu kirikir oria nje ndi ozo dị ka ụkwara nta, yana ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ohere, na etuto ahụ bụ ndị ana-adịghị ahụkebe na ndị nwere ọrụ nchebe nkịtị. [4] A na-akpọ mgbaama nke ikpe azu a Oria mminwu nke bekee kporo immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). [5] Onodu agba nke ikpe azu a na ebute arọ ọnwụ [5] nke akpachaghi acha mee,

A na-gbasaa nje Ncekwaba ahu HIV site na Mmekọahụ ọnụ-ejighi okpu nnabuenyi(nke a gụnyere mmekọahụ n'ike nsi na iji onu nwee mmekoahu ), Mgbịnye ọbara adịghị mma, I gba ntutu bu nje na site n'aka nne gaa nwatakịrị n'oge dị ime, ịmụ nwa, ma ọ bụ inye ara.[12] Ụfọdụ mmiri dị n'ahụ, dị ka asọ, ọsụsọ na anya mmiri, anaghị ebute ma ọbụ Kesaa nje ndi a.[13] Ọrịa mminwu so ná bụ otu nje virus a maara dị ka retroviruses.[14]

Ụzọ igbochi ọria a gụnyere iji okpu nnabuenyi wee Mmekọahụ , Otu onye, otu ntutu , Ị gwo ndị bụ ọrịa a, Ndị butere ya ọhụụ na ndị ndị anya ha ji bute ya.prophylaxis na ibe ugwu nwa nwoke.[4] Igbochi ọria na nwa ọhụụ bụ site na inye nne na nwa ọgwụ Bekee kpọrọ antiretroviral medication.

Ọrịa a enweghị ngwọta, Ọ nweghị kwa Ọgwụ mgbochi ; Mana, Ọgwụ Bekee kpọrọ antiretroviral na enye aka ka ọrịa ghara ịga n'ihu osiso ma meekwa ka onye na arịa ọrịa a bie ndụ etu osi kwesi .[5][6] E kwesịrị ị ịdọ gwoba ọrịa ozigbo a chọpụtara ya.[15] E wezụga ọgwụgwụ, ọrịa ga egbu na afọ iri na otu eji bute ya.[7]

Na afo 2018 ihe dịka nde mmadụ rụrụ 37.9 bu ọrịa mminwu a, nke mere ka ihe dika mmadụ 770,000 nwua.[8] Ndị a Ọgụ ọnụ ha rụrụ nde 20.6 bi na ọdịda anyanwụ na ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka.[16] Site na oge a chọpụtara ọrịa mminwu na mbido afọ 1980s) ya na 2018, ọrịa egbula ihe dịka nde mmadụ 32 Ọrịa nchekwa ahụ na ọrịa mminwu bụ ọrịa na efe efe nke ndị ebe dị iche iche mana agbasa kwa.[17] Ọrịa mminwu si na ụmụ anụmanụ wee bata na mmadụ na ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka na mbidọ afọ 20th .[18] Ahụrụ Ọrịa mminwu izizi na ọgbakọ Ụwa maka ọrịa and mgbochi ọrịa (CDC) na afo 1981 ya na ka osi ebido bụ ọrịa nchekwa ahụ —HIV i—A chọpụtara ha na mbido afọ [19]

Ọrịa Nchekwa ahụ na Ọrịa mminwu HIV/AIDS na emetụta ndị mmadụ nke ukwuu site na ọrịa na iịso asọ .[20] Ọrịa na emebi na e bute kwa Ụbọchị adịghị mma. Enwere otutu akụkụ ezighị ezi gbasara HIV/AIDS, Nke a gụnyere na ana ebute oria a site na enweghị mmetụta ahụ..[21] Ọrịa a abụrụ go okwu akpụ na ọnụ n' etiti nke ekpemepe dị ka ndị Uka fada nke na akwadoghi ịji maọbụ iyi okpu nnabuenyi na oge mmekọahụ.[22] IOria a bụ okwu akpụ nọ ọnụ na ahụ ike mba ụwa ya na ndọrọndọrọ mba ụwa kemgbe eji chọpụta ya na 1980s.[23]

References[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ What Are HIV and AIDS? | HIV.gov (en). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2017-05-15).
  2. ↑ HIV Classification: CDC and WHO Staging Systems | AIDS Education and Training Centers National Coordinating Resource Center (AETC NCRC) (en). AIDS Education and Training Center Program. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved on May 17, 2024.
  3. ↑ Wear your red ribbon this World AIDS Day | UNAIDS. UNAIDS Secretariat.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 HIV/AIDS Fact sheet N°360. World Health Organization (November 2015).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 About HIV/AIDS (December 6, 2015).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 UNAIDS. "The quest for an HIV vaccine", May 18, 2012.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 UNAIDS, World Health Organization (December 2007). 2007 AIDS epidemic update.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Global HIV & AIDS statistics — 2019 fact sheet (en). UNAIDS.
  9. ↑ (June 2001) "AIDS – the first 20 years". The New England Journal of Medicine 344 (23): 1764–72. DOI:10.1056/NEJM200106073442306. PMID 11396444. 
  10. ↑ Krämer (2010). Modern infectious disease epidemiology concepts, methods, mathematical models, and public health, Online-Ausg., New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-93835-6. Retrieved on June 27, 2015. 
  11. ↑ Kirch (2008). Encyclopedia of Public Health. New York: Springer, 676–77. ISBN 978-1-4020-5613-0. Retrieved on June 27, 2015. 
  12. ↑ (2007) Environmental and occupational medicine, 4th, Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-6299-1. Retrieved on June 27, 2015. 
  13. ↑ HIV and Its Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003). Archived from the original on February 4, 2005. Retrieved on May 23, 2006.
  14. ↑ Retrovirus Definition. AIDSinfo. Archived from the original on December 28, 2019. Retrieved on December 28, 2019.
  15. ↑ (2015) Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-150956-5. 
  16. ↑ Fact Sheet - World AIDS Day 2019. www.unaids.org. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved on 2019-12-21.
  17. ↑ (March 2008) "The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS". Journal of Internal Medicine 263 (3): 218–43. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x. PMID 18205765. 
  18. ↑ (September 2011) "Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 1 (1). DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a006841. PMID 22229120. 
  19. ↑ (October 2006) "A reflection on HIV/AIDS research after 25 years". Retrovirology 3 (1). DOI:10.1186/1742-4690-3-72. PMID 17054781. 
  20. ↑ (2006) "The impact of AIDS on people and societies", 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. UNAIDS. ISBN 978-92-9173-479-5. Retrieved on July 28, 2020. 
  21. ↑ Endersby (2016). "Myth Busters". Science 351 (6268): 35. DOI:10.1126/science.aad2891. Retrieved on February 14, 2016. 
  22. ↑ McCullom (February 26, 2013). An African Pope Won't Change the Vatican's Views on Condoms and AIDS. The Atlantic. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved on February 14, 2016.
  23. ↑ Harden, Victoria Angela (2012). AIDS at 30: A History. Potomac Books Inc. ISBN 978-1-59797-294-9. 
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