Ime ka ụmụ too n'ime ime

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in vitro fertilization (IVF) bu usoro itu ime nke ana etinye akwa nke nwaanyi na sperm n'ime vitro. Usoro a na Acho mgbe nwaanyi na ano na ovulation ya , bia ewepu akwa n'ahu nwaanyi bia hapu sperm nke nwoke ka o fertilize ya n'ime laboratory. Mgbe ogasara embryo culture ubochi 2-6, ana esi na catheter tinye ya na uterus, bia buru n'obi ka itu ime ya ga ofuma.

IVF bụ ụdị teknụzụ enyemaka ọmụmụ nke a na-eji maka ọgwụgwọ enweghị ike ịmụ nwa, nnọchi anya ime ime, na, na njikọta ya na nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa tupu etinye ya, izere nnyefe nke ọnọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ndụ ihe nketi. Àkwá a na-etinye n'ime ime site n'aka onye na-enye onyinye nwere ike itinye ya n'ime akpa nwa, nwa ahụ na-apụta enweghị njikọ na onye na-anọchi ya. Mba ụfọdụ amachibido ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa nnweta ọgwụgwọ IVF, na-akpata njem nleta ọmụmụ. Ihe mgbochi na nnweta nke IVF gụnyere ụgwọ na afọ, ka mmadụ wee nwee afọ ime dị mma ruo oge. A na-akpọ ụmụaka a mụrụ site na IVF ụmụ ọhụrụ na-anwale tube.

N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 1978, Louise Brown bụ nwa mbụ a mụrụ nke ọma mgbe nne ya natara ọgwụgwọ IVF. [1] A mụrụ Brown n'ihi usoro IVF nke okike, ebe ọ dịghị mkpali emere. Usoro ahụ mere na Dr Kershaw's Cottage Hospital (nke bụzi Dr Kershawk's Hospice) na Royton, Oldham, England. E nyere Robert Edwards Ihe nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine n'afọ 2010. Ọkà mmụta ahụike ahụ na Patrick Steptoe na onye na-ahụ maka embryologist Jean Purdy mepụtara ọgwụgwọ ahụ mana ha abụọ erughị eru maka ịtụle n'ihi na ha nwụrụ ma enyeghị onyinye Nobel mgbe ha nwụsịrị.[2][3]

Site n'enyemaka nke Onyinye àkwá na IVF, enwere ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịgafe afọ ọmụmụ ha, nwee ndị mmekọ na-enweghị ike ịmụ nwa, nwere nsogbu ịmụ nwa nwanyị, ma ọ bụ eruola nsọpụrụ, nke ka nwere ike ime ime. Mgbe ọgwụgwọ IVF gasịrị, ụfọdụ di na nwunye na-atụrụ ime n'enweghị ọgwụgwọ ọmụmụ ọ bụla.[4] N'afọ 2023, e mere atụmatụ na a mụrụ nde ụmụaka iri na abụọ n'ụwa niile site na iji IVF na usoro ọmụmụ ndị ọzọ enyere aka.[5] Nnyocha 2019 nke na-enyocha adjuncts 10 na IVF (screening hysteroscopy, DHEA, testosterone, GH, aspirin, heparin, antioxidants, seminal plasma na PRP) na-atụ aro na ruo mgbe e mere ihe akaebe iji gosipụta na adjuncts ndị a dị nchebe ma dị irè, a ga-ezere ha.[6]

Okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ana eji okwu latin nke vitro puta n'ime glass Maka n'oge mbu nchoputa nke biology ana eme site ni cultivate tissuen'ebe ahu ihe di ndu no bia tinye ya na glass containers, nke gunyere beakers, test tubes maobu petri dishes. Mana ugba ndi science na akpo in vitro dika ihe obula but usoro biology nke ana eme na ezi ahu nke ihe di ndu, iji kowaputaidi iche ya ebe in vivo no but mgbe tissue no n'ime ahu nke ihe di ndu nke but ebe ana ahu ya.

Okwu mkparịta ụka maka ụmụ ọhụrụ tụụrụ ime n'ihi IVF, "ụmụ ọhụrụ tube", na-ezo aka n'ụgbọ mmiri dị ka tube nke iko ma ọ bụ resin plastik, nke a na-akpọ tubes ule, nke a-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ nyocha kemịkal na ihe ndị dị ndụ. Otú ọ dị, a na-emekarị IVF na efere Petri, nke sara mbara ma na-adịghị omimi ma na-ejikarị ya eme ihe iji zụlite ọdịbendị.

IvF bu udi ngwa assisted omumu NWA.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọmụmụ mbụ gara nke ọma nke nwa mgbe ọgwụgwọ IVF gasịrị, Louise Brown, mere na 1978. A mụrụ Louise Brown n'ihi usoro IVF nke okike ebe ọ na-enweghị mkpali. Usoro ahụ mere na Dr Kershaw's Cottage Hospital (nke bụzi Dr Kershawk's Hospice) na Royton, Oldham, England. Robert G. Edwards, onye na-ahụ maka ahụike nke so mepụta ọgwụgwọ ahụ, nwetara Ihe nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine na 2010. Ndị ọrụ ibe ya, Patrick Steptoe na Jean Purdy, erughị eru maka ịtụle ebe ọ bụ na anaghị enye onyinye Nobel mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.[2][3]

Ọmụmụ nke abụọ nke 'nwa ule' mere na India naanị ụbọchị 67 mgbe amuchara Louise Brown. Nwa agbọghọ ahụ, aha ya bụ Durga, tụụrụ ime in vitro site na iji usoro nke Subhash Mukhopadhyay, onye dọkịta na onye nchọpụta si Hazaribag mepụtara n'onwe ya. Mukhopadhyay anọwo na-eme nnwale n'onwe ya na ngwá ọrụ ochie na friji ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọchịchị steeti gbochiri ya igosi ọrụ ya na nzukọ sayensị, ọ dịkwa ọtụtụ afọ tupu a kweta na Mukhopadhyay nyere aka na ọrụ ndị metụtara isiokwu ahụ. [7]   [<span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (September 2021)">better<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>source<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>needed</span>]

Adriana Iliescu nwere ihe ndekọ dị ka nwanyị kachasị okenye ịmụ nwa site na IVF na àkwá na-enye onyinye, mgbe ọ mụrụ n'afọ 2004 mgbe ọ dị afọ 66, ihe ndekọ gafere n'afọ 2006. Mgbe ọgwụgwọ IVF gasịrị, ụfọdụ di na nwunye nwere ike ime ime n'enweghị ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla.[4] N'afọ 2018, e mere atụmatụ na a mụrụ nde ụmụaka asatọ n'ụwa niile site na iji IVF na usoro ọmụmụ ndị ọzọ enyere aka. [8]

Ojiji ọgwụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe Ndị Na-egosi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  Enwere ike iji IVF merie enweghị ike ịmụ nwa nwanyị mgbe ọ bụ n'ihi nsogbu na tubes fallopian, na-eme ka imeju sie ike. Ọ pụkwara inye aka na Enweghị ike ịmụ nwa nwoke, n'ọnọdụ ndị ahụ ebe enwere ntụpọ na ogo sperm; n'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ enwere ike iji injection intracytoplasmic sperm (ICSI), ebe a na-etinye mkpụrụ ndụ sperm kpọmkwem n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ àkwá. A na-eji nke a eme ihe mgbe ọ na-esiri ọbara ọcha ike ịbanye n'ime àkwá. A na-ejikwa ICSI mee ihe mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ sperm dị ala. Mgbe egosiri, a chọpụtala na ojiji nke ICSI na-eme ka ọnụego ihe ịga nke ọma nke IVF dịkwuo elu.

Dabere na ntuziaka UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), ọgwụgwọ IVF kwesịrị ekwesị n'ọnọdụ enweghị ike ịmụ nwa a na-akọwaghị akọwa maka ndị na-atụghị ime mgbe afọ 2 nke mmekọahụ na-enweghị nchebe gasịrị.[9]

N'ime ndị nwere anovulation, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ọzọ mgbe 7-12 nwara ime ka ovulation induction, ebe ọ bụ na nke ikpeazụ dị oke ọnụ ma dị mfe ịchịkwa.[10]

  1. ↑ "Louise Brown: World's first IVF baby's family archive unveiled", BBC News, 24 July 2018. Retrieved on 29 July 2021. (in en-GB)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "World's first test-tube baby Louise Brown has a child of her own", Independent, 14 January 2007. Retrieved on 21 May 2010. “The 28-year-old, whose pioneering conception by in-vitro fertilisation made her famous around the world. The fertility specialists Patrick Steptoe and Bob Edwards became the first to successfully carry out IVF by extracting an egg, impregnating it with sperm and planting the resulting embryo back into the mother” Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Moreton" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 (June 2018) "Jean Marian Purdy remembered – the hidden life of an IVF pioneer". Human Fertility 21 (2): 86–89. DOI:10.1080/14647273.2017.1351042. PMID 28881151.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ReferenceA" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "After IVF, some couples get pregnant without help", Reuters, 3 May 2012. Retrieved on 5 November 2015. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "reuters.com" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ eClinicalMedicine (November 2023). "The current status of IVF: are we putting the needs of the individual first?" (in en). eClinicalMedicine 65: 102343. DOI:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102343. PMID 38106562. 
  6. ↑ (December 2019) "Clinical adjuncts in in vitro fertilization: a growing list". Fertility and Sterility 112 (6): 978–986. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.09.019. PMID 31703943. 
  7. ↑ Test tube triumph & tragedy – Nobel for UK scientist stirs memory of a Bengal doctor. The Telegraph (5 October 2010). Retrieved on 22 May 2012.
  8. ↑ European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (3 July 2018). More than 8 million babies born from IVF since the world's first in 1978. ScienceDaily. Retrieved on 8 December 2018.
  9. ↑ Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems. NICE clinical guideline (February 2013).
  10. ↑ (November 2014) "How long should we continue clomiphene citrate in anovulatory women?". Human Reproduction 29 (11): 2482–2486. DOI:10.1093/humrep/deu215. PMID 25164024. 
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