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Ndị America Ghana

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Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-eweta ndị mbụ si n'ógbè a maara mgbe ahụ dị ka Gold Coast dị ka ndị ohu site na ahịa ohu Atlantic. Ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị ka ndị Akan, ndị Ga [1] ma ọ bụ ndị Ga ka a kpọbatara na United States nke oge a na nke atọ n'ime ndị a yiri ka ha nwere mmetụta n'asụsụ Ndị Gullah. [2] N'ihi na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ghana bụ ụzọ dị mkpa maka ndị ahịa Ohu Chineke aghaghị ime mmụọ akpọrọ Europe. A kpọtara ndị a dọtara n'agha si n'agbụrụ na agbụrụ niile si n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka ka e jide ha ma zigara ha na Ụwa Ọhụrụ. A na-ebubata ọtụtụ n'ime ha na South Carolina, Virginia na Georgia, ọ bụ ezie na ebe ndị ọzọ dị na United States, dị ka Spanish Florida na French Louisiana nwekwara ọtụtụ ndị ohu sitere na nke a.[1][1]

Ndị Ghana malitere ịbịa na United States n'ìgwè mgbe afọ 1960 gasịrị na n'afọ 1970 n'etiti Òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na mwepụ nke Africa. N'afọ 1957, Ghana ghọrọ mba Afrịka mbụ nwetara nnwere onwe site n'ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị. Onye isi ala ma nwéré ogologo nke ọgu abua na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nkiri Miami ọrụ pụrụ ntakịrị ahụ na-erizi bụ nke Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah, gụrụ akwụkwọ na mahadum America ma soro Ndị isi ojii America rụọ ọrụ maka ikike nke ndị isi ojii gburugburu ụwa. Ndị ụbụrụ na-aghọ nkọ n'Afrịka na America dị ka W. E. B. Du Bois na Malcolm X jiri Ghana mee ihe dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke ihe ndị isi ojii rụzuru. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mbịarambịa mbụ si Ghana gaa United States bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ bịara inweta agụmakwụkwọ ka mma ma mee atụmatụ iji agụmakwụkwọ ha nwetara na United States mee ka Ghana dị mma.[3] Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị Ghana kwagara na 1980s na 1990s, bịara inweta ohere azụmahịa. N'oge akụ na ụba siri ike, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Ghana kwagara na United States dị obere. Otú ọ dị, mgbe nsogbu akụ na ụba ndị a kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ, ha wuru ihe onwunwe maka ịkwaga ha na United States.[1][3]

Ụlọ ahịa a dị na Cleveland Avenue na Columbus nwere ọtụtụ azụmaahịa Ghana: ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị, ụlọ ntutu isi, ụlọ ahịa nri, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, na ụlọ ahịa ejiji.

Ọgbọ mbụ na nke abụọ nke ndị Ghana na-akwaga na US mejupụtara obere akụkụ (0.3%) nke ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu nke ndị America a mụrụ na mba ọzọ. Obodo ukwu New York City na Washington, D.C. nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ebute site nzọụkwụ ụtọ agbamakwụkwọ nke ọbọdọ elu nke ndị Ghana si mba ọzọ.[4] Steeti nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke ndị si Ghana bụ New York, Virginia, New Jersey, na Maryland sochiri.[1][4]

Nnyocha American Community nke US Census Bureau maka afọ 2015 ruo 2019 mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ngụkọta nke ndị si Ghana na US ga-abụ 178,400.[5] Obodo ise kachasị élú mmírí na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ bụ The Bronx (19,500), Prince William County, Virginia (6,400), Franklin County, Ohio (6,400) Cook County, Illinois (5,200), Essex County, New Jersey (5,100), Montgomery County, Maryland (5,000), Worcester County, Massachusetts (4,700), Prince George's County, Maryland (4500), Gwinnett County, Georgia (4,100), Fairfax County, Virginia (3,200), Tarrant County, Texas (2,700), Los Angeles, California (2,500), Middlese County, Texas[1][5]

Akụkọ 2015 nke Migration Policy Institute kwuru na agụmakwụkwọ nke ọgbọ mbụ na nke abụọ nke ndị Ghana-Amerịka yiri nke ndị bi na United States.[4] Ihe dị ka 18% nke ndị Ghana bi na US dị afọ 25 ma ọ bụ karịa nwere nzere bachelọ dị ka asambodo kachasị elu, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 20% na ndị US niile dị afọ 25 na karịa. Ihe dị ka 12% nke ndị Ghana bi na diaspora nwere ogo dị elu, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe dị ka 11% nke ndị bi na United States.[1][4]

Ndị Ghana American na-asụ Bekee, ma na-asukwa Akan, Ga, Ewe na Twi.[3] Ndị Ghana nwere oge dị mfe iji mee mgbanwe na ndụ na United States karịa ndị ọzọ si ele ikwa nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara mba ọzọ kwabata n'ihi na ala nna ha nke Ghana nwere Asụsụ Bekee dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị ma ọtụtụ ndị bi na Ghana na-asụ ya.[1][3]

Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2015 chọpụtara na ndị Ghana 63 bi na US; ndị a gụnyere ndị otu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, òtù ọrụ ebere na ndị ọzọ metụtara ọrụ pụrụ ntakịrị ahụ na-erizi mmụta sayensị nnyocha ị ọrụ ebere, na òtù ndị ọkachamara (dị ka Ghana Physicians and Nurses Association), na ndị otu mpaghara (dị ka Kansụl Mba Ghana nke Chicago). [4] Ụfọdụ òtù ndị Ghana American bụ agbụrụ niile, ebe ndị ọzọ na-elekwasị anya na agbụrụ ụfọdụ, dị ka Ewe, Asante, na Gadangme. Ọtụtụ òtù enweghị ndị ọrụ ọkachamara oge niile ma ọ bụ nnukwu mmefu ego; nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ Ghana American n'ihe gbasara ego a na-enweta bụ Ashesi University Foundation, nke dabeere na Seattle.[1][4]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Darlene Clark Hine, Earnestine Jenkins (eds), A Question of Manhood: A Reader in U.S. Black Men's History and Masculinity, Volume 1, pp. 103–104.
  2. ↑ Pilgrim (July 2005). Question of the Month. Cudjo Lewis: Last African Slave in the U.S.? (en). Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia. Archived from the original on 2017-05-25. Retrieved on 2017-03-02.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 EveryCulture — Ghanaian-Americans.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 The Ghanaian Diaspora in the United States, Migration Policy Institute, Rockefeller Foundation-Aspen Institute Diaspora Program (May 2015 rev.).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County, 2015–2019. Migration Policy Institute.
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