Right to a healthy environment

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Right to a healthy environment
Ikike mmadụ
obere ụdị nkeIkike mmadụ Dezie
ihu nkeenvironmental rights, umwelt Dezie
connects withIkike mmadụ nwere mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha Dezie

 

Ikike nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma ma ọ bụ ikike nke gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide ma dị mma bụ ikike mmadụ nke òtù ndị ruuru mmadụ na òtù gburugburu ebe obibi na-akwado iji chebe usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-enye ahụike mmadụ.[1][2][3] Ndị United Nations Human Rights Council nabatara ikike ahụ n'oge nnọkọ nke iri anọ na asatọ ya n'ọnwa Ọktọba nke afọ 2021 na HRC / RES / 48 / 13.[4] Ikike ahụ na-abụkarị ntọala maka nchebe ikike mmadụ site n'aka ndị na-agbachitere gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka ndị na-agbachitere ala, ndị na-echebe mmiri na ndị na-akwado ikike ụmụ amaala.

Ikike ahụ jikọtara ya na ikike ndị ọzọ na-elekwasị anya na ahụike, dị ka ikike mmiri na ịdị ọcha, ikike nri na ikike ahụike.[5] Ikike inwe gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma na-eji usoro ikike mmadụ iji chebe àgwà gburugburu ebe obibi; usoro a na-ekwu maka mmetụta nke mmerụ gburugburu ebe obibi n'ahụ mmadụ n'otu n'otu, na-emegide usoro ọdịnala nke iwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-elekwasị anya na mmetụta na steeti ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi n'onwe ya.[6] Ụzọ ọzọ maka nchedo gburugburu nke ebe obibi bụ ikike nke okike nke na-anwa ịgbatị ikike ụmụ mmadụ na ụlọ ọrụ nwere na okike.[7]

Igbuchapụ ma gbaa oke ọhịa ọkụ n'akụkụ Rio Xingu, Brazil na-etinye ikike ụmụ amaala n'ihe ize ndụ yana ikike ka ukwuu maka gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma. Iwu ikpe dị ka ikpe ihu igwe nke Columbian na-echebe ọhịa Amazon site na igbuchapụ ọhịa adaberewo na ikike nke okike na ụmụaka, ikike nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma ga-enye nchebe ọzọ.[8]

Ọrụ nke steeti[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ikike ahụ na-emepụta ọrụ nke steeti iji chịkwaa ma mee ka iwu gburugburu ebe obibi, ịchịkwa mmetọ, ma nye ikpe ziri ezi na nchedo maka obodo ndị nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi merụrụ ahụ.[6] Ikike nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma abụwo ikike dị mkpa maka ịmepụta ụkpụrụ iwu gburugburu ebe obibi maka ikpe mgbanwe ihu igwe na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ.[9]

Mgbaso Ụzọ nke Mba Niile[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, nnukwu ngwá ọrụ ruuru mmadụ nke United Nations, dị ka Nkwupụta Ụwa Nile Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ, Ọgbụgba Ndụ Mba Niile Maka Ikike Obodo na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ Ọgbụgba Ndụ Mba Nile Maka Ikike akụ na ụba, Ọha na Ọdịbendị anaghị anabata ikike nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma.[3] Nkwupụta Stockholm nke afọ 1972 nabatara ikike ahụ, mana ọ bụghị akwụkwọ iwu kwadoro. Nkwupụta Rio nke afọ 1992 anaghị eji asụsụ nke ikike mmadụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ekwu na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ga-enweta ozi gbasara ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, isonye na ime mkpebi, na ịnweta ikpe ziri ezi.[10] Mkpebi UN a na-atụ aro ugbu a, Global Pact for the Environment, n'asụsụ bekee, ma ọ bụrụ na a nakweere ya, ọ ga-abụ ngwá ọrụ ikike mmadụ mbụ nke UN gụnyere ikike nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma.[11]

Ihe karịrị steeti 150 (otu narị na iri ise) na UN anabatala ikike ahụ n'ụdị ụfọdụ site na iwu, ikpe, iwu iwu, iwu nkwekọrịta ma ọ bụ ikike iwu ndị ọzọ.[5] Akwụkwọ iwu Afrịka maka ikike mmadụ na ndị mmadụ, nkwekọrịta Amerịka gbasara ikike mmadụ, nkwekọrịta Escazu, Arab Charter on Human Rights, na nkwupụta nke ikike mmadụ nke otú ASEAN nke a kpọrọ ASEAN Declaration on Human Rights n'asụsụ Bekee, nke ọ bụla gụnyere ikike maka gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma.[3][12][13] Usoro ikike mmadụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka Convention on the Rights of the Child na-ezo aka na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi dịka ha metụtara ebumnuche usoro ahụ, na nke a ikike ụmụaka.[12]

Ndị UN Special Rapporteurs on Human Rights and the Environment John H. Knox (2012–2018) na David R. Boyd (2018–) enyewo ndụmọdụ banyere otu esi ahazi ikike ndị a na iwu mba ụwa.[14] Ọtụtụ kọmitii kwadoro nke a na ọkwa UN, yana obodo iwu obodo dịka New York City Bar, n'afọ 2020.[15]

Ikike inwe gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma bụ isi nke usoro mba ụwa maka ikike mmadụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe.[16][17] Mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na ikike mmadụ bụ nke OHCHR gosipụtara na akwụkwọ eziokwu nke nwere ajụjụ ndị a na-ajụkarị banyere isiokwu ahụ.[18]

Mkpebi UN Human Rights Council Resolution[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2021 n'oge nnọkọ nke iri anọ na asatọ ya, United Nations Human Rights Council nakweere mkpebi (nke ndị isi otu gụnyere Costa Rica, Morocco, Slovenia, Switzerland na Maldives, na Costa Rica bụ penholder), na-aghọta " Ikike mmadụ nwere maka gburugburu ebe obibi dị ọcha, nke dị mma ma na-adịgide adịgide", na-egosi oge mbụ ahụ kwupụtara ikike mmadụ.[4][19][20] Mkpebi ahụ abụghị iwu kwadoro, mana ọ ga-aga na UN General Assembly maka nyocha ọzọ.[19]

Mmetụta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

O siri ike ịchọpụta mmetụta nke nchedo iwu ma ọ bụ nke mba ụwa nke ikike inwe gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma. Onye na-ahụ maka akụkọ pụrụ iche nke UN bụ John Knox na-atụ aro na nhazi nke ikike nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma na iwu mba ma ọ bụ site n'aka UN nwere ike imetụta mgbalị nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi site n'ịgbakwunye asụsụ nke ikike mmadụ; imejupụta oghere na iwu mba ụwa; na-ewusi ntọala maka mmanye mba ụwa; na imeziwanye arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ọkwa mba. Ọzọkwa, Knox na-atụ aro na ịmepụta ikike maka gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma nwere ike imetụta nghọta anyị banyere iwu ikike mmadụ n'onwe ya, n'ihi na ikike ahụ abụghị ntinye elu nke echiche ndị ọchịchị ọdịda anyanwụ (nke bụ nkatọ maka ozizi ikike mmadụ dị ugbu a), kama ọ bụ onyinye dị ala na iwu ikike mmadụ sitere na Global South.[3]

Ebenside[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ The Case for a Right to a Healthy Environment (en). Human Rights Watch (2018-03-01). Retrieved on 2021-02-10.
  2. ↑ The Time is Now for the UN to Formally Recognize the Right to a Healthy and Sustainable Environment (en-US). Center for International Environmental Law (2018-10-25). Retrieved on 2021-02-10.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Knox (2020-10-13). "Constructing the Human Right to a Healthy Environment" (in en). Annual Review of Law and Social Science 16 (1): 79–95. DOI:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-031720-074856. ISSN 1550-3585. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 OHCHR | Bachelet hails landmark recognition that having a healthy environment is a human right. www.ohchr.org. Retrieved on 2021-10-09.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 OHCHR | Good practices on the right to a healthy environment. www.ohchr.org. Retrieved on 2021-02-10.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Boyle (2012-08-01). "Human Rights and the Environment: Where Next?" (in en). European Journal of International Law 23 (3): 613–642. DOI:10.1093/ejil/chs054. ISSN 0938-5428. 
  7. ↑ Halpern. Rights to Nature vs Rights of Nature (en-US). Archived from the original on 2021-01-17. Retrieved on 2021-02-10.
  8. ↑ In historic ruling, Colombian Court protects youth suing the national government for failing to curb deforestation (en-US). Dejusticia (2018-04-05). Retrieved on 2021-11-30.
  9. ↑ Varvastian (2019-04-10). "The Human Right to a Clean and Healthy Environment in Climate Change Litigation" (in en). 
  10. ↑ UNEP - Principle 10 and the Bali Guideline.
  11. ↑ Knox (April 2019). "The Global Pact for the Environment: At the crossroads of human rights and the environment". RECIEL (28) 1: 40-47. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Shelton (2002). Human Rights, Health & Environmental Protection: Linkages in Law & Practice, Health and Human Rights Working Paper Series No 1. World Health Organization. 
  13. ↑ Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean. CEPAL (4 March 2018). Retrieved on 20 April 2021.
  14. ↑ OHCHR | Right to a healthy and sustainable environment. www.ohchr.org. Retrieved on 2021-02-10.
  15. ↑ Human Right to a Healthy Environment: UN Formal Recognition (en). nycbar.org. Retrieved on 2021-02-10.
  16. ↑ Cooper. How the new human right to a healthy environment could accelerate New Zealand's action on climate change (en). The Conversation. Retrieved on 2021-11-30.
  17. ↑ Why having a clean and healthy environment is a human right (en). World Economic Forum. Retrieved on 2021-11-30.
  18. ↑ Frequently Asked Questions on Human Rights and Climate Change (en). ohchr.org. Retrieved on 2021-05-07.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Access to a healthy environment, declared a human right by UN rights council (en). UN News (2021-10-08). Archived from the original on 2021-10-09. Retrieved on 2021-10-09.
  20. ↑ Farge. "UN declares access to a clean environment a human right", Reuters, 2021-10-08. Retrieved on 2021-10-09. (in en)
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Right_to_a_healthy_environment&oldid=125470