Lorna Goodison

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Lorna Gaye Goodison CD (amụrụ 1 Ọgọst 1947) bụ onye na-ede uri Jamaica, onye edemede na onye memoirist, onye isi ode akwụkwọ West India, onye ọrụ ya ruru afọ iri anọ. Ọ bụ ugbu a Prọfesọ Emerita, Asụsụ Bekee na Akwụkwọ / Afroamerican na African Studies na Mahadum Michigan, na-ejebu ozi dị ka Lemuel A. Johnson Prọfesọ nke Bekee na African na Afroamerican Studies. A họpụtara ya Poet Laureate nke Jamaica na 2017 (na-aga nke ọma Mervyn Morris), na-eje ozi na ọrụ ruo 2020.. [1][3][2]

Akwụkwọ uri Goodison's 1986, Ana m aghọ Nne m, meriri ihe nrite Commonwealth Writers', na olu 2013 ya, Oracabessa, meriri OCM Bocas Prize for Poetry. Na mgbakwunye na uri, Goodison ebipụtala mkpokọta nke mkpirisi akụkọ na edemede, yana ihe ncheta Site na Harvey River: A Memoir of My Mother and Her Island, nke n'afọ 2008 bụ onye natara otu n'ime akwụkwọ edemede kachasị ukwuu nke Canada, British Columbia's National Ihe nrite maka akụkọ ifo ndị Canada, yana na Mee 2009 ka ewepụtara na akwụkwọ izu ụka BBC Radio 4..

Na 2019, Goodison nwetara nrite ọla edo nke Queen maka uri.[3][4]

Akụkọ ndụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Afọ ndị mbụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A mụrụ Lorna Gaye Goodison na Kingston, Jamaica, na 1 Ọgọst 1947, ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya dabara na ụbọchị nnwere onwe. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụnne itoolu (ndị gụnyere onye nta akụkọ na-emeri ihe nrite Barbara Gloudon). Goodison gụrụ akwụkwọ na St. Hugh's High School, onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Anglican na Jamaica, wee mụọ na Jamaica School of Art, tupu ya agawa na Art Students League of New York, bụ ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru onye na-ese ihe Afrika-American Jacob Lawrence..[5]

Na mgbakwunye na ise ihe, Goodison edeela uri kemgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, ụfọdụ n'ime uri mbụ ya na-apụta na-amaghị aha na Jamaica Gleaner. Ọ kọwaala uri dị ka "onye na-achị achị, onye na-eme ihe ike. Ọ bụ ihe m ga-eme - ike ọjọọ".[6] Ọ na-ekwu na Derek Walcott nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ihe odide ya.[7] O kwuru banyere otú Dante na Divine Comedy ya si emetụta ọrụ ya, ma kwuo, sị: "ahọrọghị m uri - ọ họọrọ m. "[8][9]

N'afọ 20, mgbe ọ laghachiri na Jamaica, Goodison kụziri nka ma rụọ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi na mmekọrịta ọha na eze tupu ọ chụsoo ọrụ dị ka onye edemede ọkachamara. Ọ malitere ibipụta n'aha nke ya na Jamaica Journal, na ịgụ ihe.[10][11]

Na mbido afọ 1990, Goodison malitere ịkụzi akụkụ nke afọ na mahadum dị iche iche nke North America, gụnyere na Mahadum Toronto na Mahadim Michigan, ebe ọ bụ Lemuel A. Johnson Prọfesọ nke Bekee na African na Afroamerican Studies.[12] ma bụrụzi Prọfesọ Emerita.[13] N'afọ 2019, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye edemede na-ebi na Ngalaba nke Akwụkwọ na Bekee, Mahadum nke West Indies, Mona campus.[14]

Ide ihe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Akwụkwọ mbụ Goodison bipụtara bụ mpịakọta 1980 nke uri Tamarind Season . [15] Tamarind Season sochiri na 1986 site na I Am Becoming My Mother, nke Goodison nwetara Commonwealth Writers' Prize for the Americas. [1] Nchịkọta uri ya ndị sochirinụ gụnyere Heartease (1988), Poems (1989), Selected Poems (1992), To Us, All Flowers Are Roses (1995), Turn Thanks (1999), Guinea Woman (2000), Travelling Mercies (2001), Controlling the Silver (2005), Goldengrove (2006), Oracabessa (2013) na Supplying Salt and Light (2013).[16] Oracabessa, nke akọwapụtara dị ka "akwụkwọ nke njem ndị dị ize ndụ, eserese na eserese ọzọ site na Spain, Portugal, Canada na ala nna ya nke Jamaica ka onye na-ede uri na-agagharị n'ebe, akụkọ ihe mere eme na echiche", meriri ụdị uri nke 2014 OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature, mgbe ndị ọkàikpe kwuru, sị: "N' OracabessaOracabessa iche nke Lorna Goodison - ọmarịcha ngwakọta nke Bekee na Jamaica Creole-egosi akụkụ nke akụkọ ndụ onwe onye dị ka usoro nke njem ime mmụọ".[17]

E bipụtara nchịkọta uri ya kachasị ọhụrụ, Mother Muse, n'afọ 2021. Ben Wilkinson dere na The Guardian: "Ihe odide ya na-abụkarị ememe nke mmụọ na nnọgidesi ike nke ụmụ nwanyị; n'ụzọ dị iche iche, Nne Muse ... na-agbatị akụkụ a nke ọrụ ya. " [18] Nne Muse "na-agba gburugburu mmadụ abụọ dị mkpa 'nne' na egwu Jamaica: Nwanne nwanyị Mary Ignatius, onye nọn nke na-elekọta Kingston' Alpha Boys School, nke a na-eme ememe maka ịzụlite nkà egwu; na Anita 'Margarita' Mahfood, onye a ma ama na onye na-agba egwu na onye na onye na hụrụ n'anya nke a na onye na nwanyị a na-amaghị ama Don Drummond - onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-eme site na onye na nwa ama ama ama, onye na-agụ egwú na-eme.[19]

Goodison ebipụtakwala nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirikpi atọ, Baby Mother and the King of Swords (1990), Fool-Fool Rose Is Leaving Labour-in-Vain Savannah (2005), na By Love Possessed (2012). [20]

N'afọ 2008, akwụkwọ ya na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, From Harvey River: A Memoir of My Mother and Her Island - "akụkọ na-egbuke egbuke nke gafere ọtụtụ ọgbọ" [21] - meriri British Columbia's National Award for Canadian Non-Fiction, ihe nrite kachasị ukwuu nke Canada maka akụkọ na-abụghị nke akụkọ ifo. [22] E gosipụtara akwụkwọ ncheta ahụ na BBC Radio 4's Book of the Week na Mee 2009, nke Doña Croll gụrụ.[23] Nnyocha Lisa Fugard na The New York Times kwubiri, sị: "A pụrụ ịchọta abụ otuto Goodison n'ọtụtụ mpịakọta nke uri ya ma ugbu a n'akwụkwọ ncheta ịhụnanya a. Ọ bụ ihe nketa nke a pụrụ ịchọta azụ na nwa ya, mgbe nne Goodison wụsara mkpịsị aka ya na shuga ma kpochaa ya n'okpuru ire nwa ya nwanyị, na-eme ka o nye onyinye nke okwu dị ụtọ. " Goodison kwuru na n'ime afọ iri na abụọ ọ were ya dee site na Harvey River ọ na-ede akwụkwọ mbụ ọ hụrụ ọgwụ John Keats Roman na agụmakwụkwọ ya. [24][5][25]

Goodison's collection of essays, Redemption Ground: Essays and Adventures, was published in 2018 by Myriad Editions – "a gathering of people, voices, stories, and the fruits of great labor", as characterised by SX Salon,[26] while the Montreal Review of Books stated that "Goodison's collection privileges moments of effervescence, where feelings are strong and some kind of revelation is just below the surface."[27] The book featured in The Observer as one of "20 classic books by writers of colour", being chosen by Margaret Busby.[28] Redemption Ground was published in Canada in 2023 by Véhicule Press.

Ọrụ Goodison apụtala n'ọtụtụ magazin, a sụgharịrị ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ ma n'ime afọ 25 gara aga etinyela ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị dị ka Daughters of Africa (1992), The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry (2003), HarperCollins World Reader, Vintage Book of Contemporary World Poetry, Norton Anthology nke World Masterpieces, na Longman Masters of British Literature (2006).[29][30][31]

Onye na-ede uri na onye ọkà mmụta edemede Edward Baugh na-ekwu "otu n'ime ihe Goodison rụzuru bụ na uri ya na-etinye mmetụta na ọdịbendị Jamaica na ederede nke ụwa".[32] Tinyere okwu nke ụlọ na ịgba ọsọ ndụ, ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka ike nke nka iji nyochaa ma dozie esemokwu na esemokwu na ahụmịhe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Caribbean. Kei Miller na-ekwu, sị: "Nke mbụ bụ onye na-ede uri, Goodison atụghị egwu ịgafe mgbidi ahụ n'ụdị ndị ọzọ: o dere akụkọ dị mkpirikpi na akwụkwọ ncheta a ma ama. ...M na-eche na ọ ka abụghị onye a ma ama dịka o kwesịrị ịbụ n'ezie n'ihi na enweghị asụsụ zuru oke iji kwuo maka ihe ọ na-eme, ihe ize ndụ ọ na-ewere, na ihe mere ha ji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma. "[33]

Ọrụ okike ndị ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ bụkwa onye na-ese ihe, Goodison egosila ihe osise ya na mba ụwa, [34] a na-egosipụtakwa ihe osise nke ya n'ihu akwụkwọ ya. [35]

Kemgbe afọ 2017, Goodison na onye na-ede uri na onye na'enye ọzụzụ martial arts Cherry Natural (onye a mụrụ Marcia Wedderburn) na-arụkọ ọrụ iji kwado usoro ọmụmụ ihe n'oge ọkọchị na-ejikọta uri na nchebe onwe onye maka ụmụ agbọghọ dị afọ itoolu ruo afọ iri na asaa, nke emere na Institute of Jamaica. [36][37]

Ndụ onwe onye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Otu n'ime ụmụnne itoolu - gụnyere onye nta akụkọ, onye edemede, onye na-ede egwuregwu Barbara Gloudon (1935-2022) - Goodison lụrụ onye edemede na prọfesọ akwụkwọ Bekee lara ezumike nká J. Edward (Ted) Chamberlin ma ha bi na Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia, Canada. [11] [15][38]

Nkwado[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2013, e nyere Goodison nsọpụrụ mba Jamaica nke Order of Distinction na ọkwa nke Commander (CD), "maka ihe ndị pụtara ìhè ọ rụzuru na Literature and Poetry". [39] [40]

N'afọ 2015, Mahadum Michigan sọpụrụ Goodison na Shirley Verrett Award; nke e nyere "onye otu ngalaba nke ọrụ ya na-agba ume ka ụmụ nwanyị na-acha uhie uhie nwee ọganihu na nka", e mepụtara onyinye ahụ n'afọ 2011 iji kwanyere onye bụbu prọfesọ Mahadum na onye a ma ama na-agụ egwu opera Shirley Verrett.[41]

N'afọ 2017, a na-etinye Goodison dị ka onye na-ede uri nke abụọ nke Jamaica, mgbe Mervyn Morris gasịrị, na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ nwere aha ahụ. [42] [43] [44][45] O ji uri "In Celebration of Emancipation" mee emume Ụbọchị Nnwere Onwe mbụ ya, nke na-echeta njedebe nke ịgba ohu nke ndị Africa na Jamaica.[46] Goodison kwuru, sị: "Echeghị m na ọ bụ ihe mberede na amụrụ m n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, echeghị m na ya bụ ihe mberedo na e nyere m onyinye nke uri, yabụ ana m ewere nke ahụ na m ga-ede banyere ndị ahụ na ọnọdụ ha, m ga-eburu ibu arọ banyere ihe ha tachiri obi na otu ha si merie ruo ụbọchị m nwụrụ. "[47]

N'afọ 2018, Mahadum Yale kwupụtara Goodison dị ka otu n'ime mmadụ asatọ natara Windham-Campbell Literature Prize, na-asọpụrụ ndị edemede maka ihe ha rụzuru ma ọ bụ nkwa ha ma na-enye ha onye ọ bụla ihe nrite US $ 165,000 iji kwado ederede ha. [48] [49] [50][51]

N'afọ 2019, ọ bụ onye natara Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry, [52] [53] nke e nyere ya na Buckingham Palace na Machị 2020 [54] [55] [56] (otu oge o mechara dee maka ncheta ndụ Queen maka The Guardian).[57]

N'afọ 2020, a họpụtara Goodison ka ọ bụrụ onye American Academy of Arts and Sciences . [58]

N'afọ 2022, ọ natara nzere doctorate (Doctor of Letters) site na Mahadum Durham . [59]

N'afọ 2023, a kwanyeere Goodison ugwu dị ka onye edemede Royal Society of Literature International, ihe nrite a na-enye kwa afọ nke na-akọwa onyinye nke ndị edemede gafee ụwa na akwụkwọ.[60]

Onyinye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • 1986: Ihe nrite ndị edemede Commonwealth maka Amerịka, maka m na-aghọ nne mAna m Abụọ Nne m
  • 1999: Musgrave Gold Medal site na Institute of Jamaica maka onyinye maka akwụkwọ
  • 2004: Henry Russel Award site na Mahadum nke Michigan [61]
  • 2008: British Columbia's National Award for Canadian Non-Fiction, maka From Harvey River: A Memoir of My Mother and Her Island [62]
  • 2013: Jamaican Order of Distinction na ọkwa nke Commander (CD)
  • 2014: OCM Bocas Prize for Poetry, maka Oracabessa [17]
  • 2015: Shirley Verrett Award site na Mahadum nke Michigan [63][64]
  • 2017-2020: Onye na-ede uri nke Jamaica
  • 2018: Ihe nrite Windham-Campbell Literature Prize [65]
  • 2019: Doctorate Honorary site na Mahadum nke Toronto [66][67]
  • 2019: Ihe nrite ọla edo nke Queen maka uri [3]
  • 2020: American Academy of Arts and Sciences [68]
  • 2022: Honorary doctorate site na Mahadum Durham
  • 2023: Royal Society of Literature (RSL) Onye edemede mba ụwa [69]

Akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nchịkọta abụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Baby Mother and the King of Swords (Longman, 1990, Àtụ:ISBN)
  • Fool-Fool Rose Is Leaving Labour-in-Vain Savannah (Ian Randle Publishers, 2005, Àtụ:ISBN)
  • By Love Possessed (Amistad Press, 2012, Àtụ:ISBN)

Ihe ncheta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Site na Harvey River: A Memoir of My Mother and Her Island (McClelland & Stewart, 2007; Amistad, 2008; Atlantic Books, 2009, )  

Nchịkọta edemede[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Redemption Ground: Essays and Adventures (UK: Myriad Editions, 2018,  ; Canada: Véhicule Press, ).  

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. Johnson. "Goodison is poet laureate", Jamaica Observer, 20 March 2017.
  2. Poet Laureate of Jamaica 2017–2020 | Lorna Goodison, CD. National Library of Jamaica. Retrieved on 14 October 2022.
  3. 3.0 3.1 "Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry 2019 awarded to Lorna Goodison". The Royal Household, 18 December 2019.
  4. "Jamaica's Lorna Goodison awarded Queen's gold medal for poetry", Jamaica Observer, 18 December 2019.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Wagner (28 January 2011). Lorna Goodison : Passion for Keats weaves through writer's work. Toronto Star. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  6. Interview with The Guardian, quoted in the introduction to her 1986 collection of poetry, I Am Becoming My Mother.
  7. "Lorna Goodison - Poet Laureate, A Lover Of Country, A Voice To Its People", Jamaica Gleaner, 19 May 2017.
  8. Lecture | Going Through Hell. Institute for Cultural Inquiry (ICI) (12 May 2021). Retrieved on 20 March 2023.
  9. Siklosi (4 September 2020). Lorna Goodison and the Wicked Force of Poetry. The Walrus.
  10. Lorna Goodison. Voices from the Gaps. Regents of the University of Minnesota (2009). Retrieved on 20 March 2023.
  11. 11.0 11.1 Aldred. "WOMEN OF DISTINCTION | Lorna Goodison, distinguished and dignified", Jamaica Gleaner, 14 February 2021.
  12. "Lorna Goodison appointed collegiate professor at University of Michigan", Jamaica Gleaner, 6 September 2009.
  13. "Lorna Goodison", LSA International Institute, University of Michigan.
  14. Lorna Goodison is Writer-in-Residence in the Department of Literatures in English, UWI. The University of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica (11 September 2019). Retrieved on 1 October 2022.
  15. 15.0 15.1 Bailey Nurse. "'I did not see these stories being written': Lorna Goodison, winner of the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry, looks back on a 40-year career as a poet", The Globe and Mail, 22 May 2020. “"I was writing these poems, and some people began to take notice. Like Neville Dawes, who was the head of the Institute of Jamaica. At the time, I was working at an advertising agency where everybody was moonlighting as an artist. After I finished writing copy, I would spend time in my office writing poems."”
  16. Pollard (September 1989). "Review". Journal of West Indian Literature 3: 90––97. 
  17. 17.0 17.1 Top three for OCM Bocas Prize named. T&T Guardian (31 March 2014). Retrieved on 3 April 2014.
  18. Wilkinson. "The best recent poetry – review roundup", The Guardian, 4 June 2021.
  19. The inspiring Mother Muse (3 July 2021).
  20. Tuhus-Dubrow. "Fiction Chronicle (review of By Love Possessed)", The New York Times, 14 December 2012.
  21. Henry. #SummerReads: 'From Harvey River' by Lorna Goodison. National Library of Jamaicca. Retrieved on 28 April 2023.
  22. Lorna Goodison Wins Canada's Largest Non-Fiction Award. British Columbia Achievement Foundation (7 February 2008). Retrieved on 28 April 2023.
  23. "From Harvey River", Book of the Week, BBC Radio 4, 5 May 2009.
  24. Fugard. "Mama Goodie", The New York Times, 30 March 2008.
  25. Colbert (28 March 2011). That's just how she does it — Lorna Goodison, By Love Possessed (Interview). The Varsity. Retrieved on 28 April 2023.
  26. Bogle (October 2020). redemption is the key. Sx salon. Retrieved on 13 July 2021.
  27. Singh (16 March 2023). Imagining and Reimagining. Montreal Review of Books.
  28. Morris. "Akala, Bernardine Evaristo, Ben Okri and more pick 20 classic books by writers of colour", The Observer, 3 October 2021.
  29. "Lorna Goodison", Poetry Foundation.
  30. Lorna Goodison page at Carcanet.
  31. Lorna Goodison at Myriad Editions.
  32. Baugh (February 2006). "Making Life". Caribbean Review of Books. 
  33. Miller (15 November 2013). An Appreciation of Lorna Goodison. Carcanet Press.
  34. "Goodison, Lorna 1947– ". Black Literature Criticism: Classic and Emerging Authors since 1950. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  35. Lorna Goodison on 'Redemption Ground' and how she got into writing. Spotlite by Literandra (15 March 2020).
  36. Sharlene Hendricks, "Using poetry as a self-defence tool", Jamaica Observer, 12 August 2018.
  37. "All Flowers Are Roses – self-defence programme champions girls", Loop Jamaica, 20 August 2018.
  38. Jespersen (24 January 2020). Coast poet awarded royal prize. Coast Reporter. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  39. National Honours and Awards, Office of the Prime Minister, 2013.
  40. "The Arts Play Big Part In This Year's National Honour", The Gleaner, 7 August 2013.
  41. Khan (11 February 2015). Former professor receives University award for literary work. The Michigan Daily. Retrieved on 28 April 2023.
  42. Batson-Savage (21 March 2017). Lorna Goodison First Female Poet Laureate of Jamaica. Susumba. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved on 16 May 2024.
  43. Staff (24 March 2017). Jamaica's Next Poet Laureate: Lorna Goodison. Poetry Foundation.
  44. "Lorna Goodison is Jamaica's first female poet laureate", Jamaica Observer, 19 May 2017.
  45. Reckord. "'Poetry ... My Friend, Comforter' - Poet Laureate Lorna Goodison Excited To Take On New Role", The Gleaner, 21 May 2017.
  46. "In Celebration of Emancipation: A New Poem by Lorna Goodison, Poet Laureate of Jamaica", National Library of Jamaica, 8 August 2017.
  47. "Lorna Goodison: Jamaican Poet Laureate", In the Studio (at 1.40), BBC World Service, 29 August 2017.
  48. "J'can Poet Laureate Lorna Goodison wins prestigious literature award", Jamaica Observer, 7 March 2018.
  49. "Jamaica's Poet Laureate Lorna Goodison wins US$165,000 prize", Jamaica Observer, 8 March 2018.
  50. "Jamaican poet Lorna Goodison wins US$165,000 literary prize", Loop, 11 March 2018.
  51. Hill. "RJRGLEANER Honour Awards | For Arts & Culture (Special Award): Lorna Goodison - Telling Jamaica's Story Through Poetry", The Gleaner, 16 January 2019.
  52. "Lorna Goodison recipient of Her Majesty’s 2019 Gold Medal of Poetry", The Poetry Society, 18 December 2019.
  53. "Lorna Goodison to receive Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry", Jamaica Observer, 18 December 2019.
  54. From Harvey River to Halfmoon Bay. BC BookLook (19 December 2019). Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  55. Goodison Receives Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry. LSA University of Michigan (8 March 2020). Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  56. Gee (29 April 2020). Queen awards B.C. poet top prize just before COVID-19 lockdown. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  57. Goodison. "Lorna Goodison on what the Queen meant to Jamaicans", The Guardian, 9 September 2022.
  58. Wadley (23 April 2020). Three from U-M elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The University Record. University of Michigan.
  59. Ceremonies | Honorary Graduates - Summer 2022. Durham University. Retrieved on 12 July 2022.
  60. Wild (30 November 2023). Twelve Writers Appointed in the Third Year of The Royal Society of Literature's International Writers Programme. Broadway World. Retrieved on 2 December 2023.
  61. Three professors receive prestigious Henry Russel Award at U-M. Michigan News. University of Michigan (19 February 2004). Retrieved on 28 April 2023.
  62. Adams (8 February 2008). Lorna Goodison wins B.C. non-fiction award. Retrieved on 28 April 2023.
  63. Lorna Goodison awarded Shirley Verrett Award. Department of Afroamerican and African Studies (DAAS). College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan (29 January 2015). Retrieved on 28 April 2023.
  64. Goodison Receives WOCAP Verrett Award in a Music and Poetry Filled Event. CEW+ (Center for the Education of Women+). University of Michigan (February 2015). Retrieved on 28 April 2023.
  65. Poet Lorna Goodison wins Windham-Campbell Prize. Radio Jamaica (7 March 2018). Retrieved on 28 April 2023.
  66. Levine (28 February 2019). U of T to confer honorary degrees upon 13 influential scholars, artists and leaders. U of T News.
  67. Jespersen. "Coast writers honoured with doctorates", Coast Reporter, 29 March 2019.
  68. "New Members Elected in 2020", American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
  69. RSL International Writers