API oil–water separator

Onye na-ekewa mmiri na mmanụ API bụ ngwaọrụ e mere iji kewaa nnukwu mmanụ na ihe siri ike site na mmiri mkpofu nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe mepụtara na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ, Ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal, ụlọ ọrụ nhazi gas na isi iyi mmiri mmanụ ndị ọzọ. Onye na-ekewa API bụ ngwaọrụ nkewa nke ike ndọda nke e mepụtara site na Iwu Stokes Law kọwaa ọsọ ọsọ nke mmiri mmanụ dabere na njupụta na nha ha. Nhazi ahụ dabere na ọdịiche dị n'etiti mmanụ na mmiri mkpofu n'ihi na ọdịiche ahụ dị obere karịa ọdịiche dị na ike ndọda dị n'agbata ihe siri ike na mmiri. Ihe siri ike ^[1] kwụsịtụrụ na-ada na ala nke onye na-ekewa dị ka ihe dị n'ime ala, mmanụ ahụ na-arịgo n'elu onye na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha bụ ihe dị n"etiti ihe dị nro na ihe siri ike.

^[2] a sitere n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-emepụta ihe ndị dị otú ahụ dịka ụkpụrụ nke American Petroleum Institute (API) bipụtara si dị. ^[1]

Nkọwa nke imewe na ọrụ

Onye na-ekewa API bụ ngwaọrụ nkewa nke ike ndọda nke e mere site na iji ụkpụrụ Iwu Stokes nke na-akọwa ọsọ ọsọ nke mmiri na-arị elu dabere na njupụta ha, nha na ihe onwunwe mmiri. Nhazi nke nkewa ahụ dabere na ọdịiche dị n'etiti mmanụ na mmiri mkpofu n'ihi na ọdịiche ahụ dị obere karịa ọdịiche dị na ike ndọda dị n'agbata ihe siri ike na mmiri. Dabere ^[3] ụkpụrụ nhazi ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị siri ike a kwụsịtụrụ ga-adaba na ala nke onye na-ekewa dị ka ihe dị n'ime ala, mmanụ ahụ ga-arịgo n'elu onye na-eme ka ọ dị n'etiti mmiri dị n'elu na ihe ndị siri elu n'ala. API Design Standards, mgbe etinyere ya n'ụzọ ziri ezi, na-eme mgbanwe na geometry, imewe na nha nke onye na-ekewa karịa ụkpụrụ Stokes Law dị mfe. Nke a na-agụnye ikike maka mmiri na-abanye na mmiri na-apụ apụ yana ihe ndị ọzọ. API Specification ^[4] chọrọ nke kacha nta ogologo na obosara nke 5:1 na nke kacha nta omimi na obosiri nke 0.3:0.5.

Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, a na-ewepụ mmanụ ahụ ma mesịa degharịa ya ma ọ bụ tụfuo ya, a na'enyekwa eriri na ihe na-ehichapụ ụgbọ elu (ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ yiri ya) na mgbapụta ụrọ. A na-eziga mmiri ahụ ka ọ gaa n'ihu na-agwọ ya maka iwepụ mmanụ ọ bụla fọdụrụnụ wee gaa n'ụdị ọgwụgwọ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ maka iwepụ kemịkal ndị a na-achọghị. ^{[citation needed]}

Enwere ike nweta ọtụtụ mmanụ n'elu mmiri mepere emepe site na ngwaọrụ skimming. N'ịtụle ụzọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na ọnụ ala iji wepụ mmanụ, griiz na hydrocarbons ndị ọzọ na mmiri, ndị na-agba mmanụ nwere ike mgbe ụfọdụ nweta ọkwa dị ọcha nke mmiri. N'oge ndị ọzọ, skimming bụkwa ụzọ dị oke ọnụ ahịa iji wepụ ọtụtụ mmanụ tupu eji ihe nzacha akpụkpọ anụ na usoro kemịkal. Skimmers ga-egbochi ihe nzacha ka ọ ghara ikpu ìsì n'oge akaghị aka ma mee ka ọnụ ahịa kemịkal belata n'ihi na mmanụ dị ntakịrị iji hazie. ^{[citation needed]}

N'ihi na mkpocha mmanụ na-agụnye hydrocarbons dị elu, ndị na-ekpocha mmanụ ga-enwerịrị ihe na-ekpuchi ihe dị ike iji mee ka mmiri dị na mmanụ maka ịpụ. ^[5] bụrụ na mmanụ na-ese n'elu mmiri na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụyọkọ siri ike ma ọ bụ mat, enwere ike iji spray bar, aerator ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ igwe mee ihe iji mee ka iwepụ ya dị mfe.

Otú ọ dị, mmanụ hydraulic na ọtụtụ mmanụ ndị mebiri emebi ruo n'ókè ọ bụla ga-enwekwa ihe soluble ma ọ bụ emulsified nke ga-achọ ọgwụgwọ ọzọ iji kpochapụ. Ịgbaze ma ọ bụ emulsifying mmanụ site na iji surfactant ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaze na-emekarị ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ kama idozi ya, na-emepụta mmiri na-adịghị na ya nke siri ike ịgwọ ya.

Ihe mgbochi nke imepụta

Ndị na-ekepụta ihe API, na tankị ike ndọda ndị yiri ya, ebughị n'obi ka ọ dị irè mgbe ọ bụla n'ime ọnọdụ ndị a metụtara ọnọdụ nri:

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmiri na-esi na nri bụ ihe na-erughị 150 micron
Mmanụ dị n'ọnụ karịa 925 kg/m3
Ihe siri ike na-arapara na mmanụ ahụ nke pụtara na mmanụ 'dị irè' karịrị 925 kg / m3
Okpomọkụ mmiri na-erughị 5 °C
E nwere ọkwa dị elu nke hydrocarbon a gbazere agbaze

Dị ka Iwu Stokes si kwuo, mmanụ ndị dị arọ chọrọ oge njigide. ^[4]'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ebe refineries agbanweela na slates crude dị arọ, arụmọrụ nke onye na-ekewa API adaala.

Ọgwụgwọ ọzọ nke mmiri API

N'ihi oke arụmọrụ, mmiri a na-enweta site na ụdị API ndị na-ekesa na-achọkarị ọtụtụ usoro nhazi tupu enwee ike ịwepụ ma ọ bụ jigharịa mmiri a na-agwọ. Emebere ọgwụgwọ mmiri ọzọ iji wepu ụmụ irighiri mmiri dị ntakịrị karịa 150 micron, ihe mgbaze na hydrocarbons, mmanụ dị arọ ma ọ bụ mmetọ ndị ọzọ API ewepụghị. Teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ nke abụọ gụnyere mgbaze ikuku flotation (DAF), Anaerobic na Aerobic biological treatment, Parallel Plate Separators, Hydrocyclone, Walnut Shell Filters and Media filters. ^{[citation needed]}

Nkà na ụzụ ndị ọzọ

Plate separators, ma ọ bụ Coalescing Plate Separators yiri API separators, n'ihi na ha dabere na ụkpụrụ Stokes Law, mana ha gụnyere mkpokọta plate (nke a makwaara dị ka ngwugwu kwụ otu ebe). ^[3] N'okpuru efere ọ bụla dị n'otu akụkụ na-enye ohere maka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ iji gbakọta n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara buru ibu. Coalescing plate separators nwere ike ọ gaghị adị irè n'ọnọdụ ebe kemịkalụ mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike kwụsịtụrụ na-egbochi ma ọ bụ gbochie ntapu mmanụ. N'ịrụ ọrụ, e bu n'obi na sedimenti ga-agbada n'elu elu nke efere ọ bụla, mana n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ dị mma, sedimenti nwere ike ịrapagidesi ike na efere ndị na-achọ iwepụ na nhicha oge. Ụdị nkewa ahụ ka na-adabere na ike ndọda dị n'etiti mmanụ a kwụsịrị na mmiri. Agbanyeghị, efere ndị ahụ yiri ya nwere ike ịkwalite ogo nkewa mmiri na mmanụ maka ụmụ irighiri mmiri dị elu karịa 50 micron n'ogo. A na-agbakwunye ndị na-eke efere efere ọzọ yiri ya na nhazi nke API Separators na-achọkwa ohere dị nta karịa ihe nkesa API a na-emekarị iji nweta ogo nkewa ahụ.

Ndị na-ekesa efere yiri nke API mana ha na-agụnye mgbakọ efere myirịta (nke a makwaara dị ka mkpọ mkpọ). Efere ndị ahụ yiri ya na-enyekwu elu maka ụmụ irighiri mmiri a kwụsịtụrụ ka ọ na-agbakọta n'ime globules buru ibu. Ụdị nkewa ahụ ka na-adabere na ike ndọda dị n'etiti mmanụ a kwụsịrị na mmiri. Otú ọ dị, efere ndị yiri ya na-eme ka ogo nkewapụ mmanụ na mmiri dịkwuo elu. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ na ihe nkesa efere yiri ya chọrọ obere ohere karịa ihe nkesa API nke a na-ahụkarị iji nweta otu ogo nkewa. ^[6]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ọ bụ API na Rex Chain Belt Company (nke bụ Evoqua ugbu a) mepụtara onye na-ekewa API. ^[4] rụnyere onye na-ekewa API mbụ na 1933 na ụlọ ọrụ Atlantic Refining Company (ARCO) refinery na Philadelphia. Kemgbe ahụ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ nrụpụta niile n'ụwa niile etinyela ndị na-ekewa API dị ka ọkwa mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ha na-agwọ mmiri. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ nrụpụta ndị ahụ wụnyere ndị na-ekewa API site na iji atụmatụ mbụ dabere na ọdịiche dị n'etiti mmanụ na mmiri. ^[3] ^[7] dị, ọtụtụ ụlọ nrụpụta ugbu a na-eji ngwugwu plastik dị n'otu akụkụ iji bulie nkewa nke ike ndọda. Taa iwu na-achọkarị ndị na-ekewa API nwere mkpuchi na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ na-ese n'elu mmiri maka njikwa volatile organic compound (VOC). ^[4] ^[4], ọtụtụ ndị na-ekewa API ga-anọ n'elu ala maka nchọpụta nsị.

Ihe ndị ọzọ a na-eji eme ihe maka nkewa mmanụ na mmiri

E nwere ngwa ndị ọzọ chọrọ nkewa mmanụ na mmiri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ:

^[8] -ekewa mmiri mmanụ (OWS) maka ikewa mmanụ site na mmiri a na-agbakọta n'ụgbọ mmiri dị ka nkwekọrịta MARPOL nke mba ụwa chọrọ.
A na-ejikarị mmanụ na mmiri eme ihe na substations eletrik. ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe a na-ahụ na substations na-eji mmanụ buru ibu maka ebumnuche ịjụ oyi. A na-ewu ọwara gburugburu ebe ndị a na-emechaghị emechi iji jide mmanụ ọ bụla na-agbapụta, mana ndị a ga-ejikwa mmiri ozuzo. ^[9] mere, ndị na-ekewa mmanụ na mmiri na-enye nhicha ngwa ngwa na nke dị mfe nke mmanụ na-agbapụta.

Edensibia

Pollution
Wastewater
Industrial wastewater treatment
Industrial water treatment
Centrifugal water–oil separator
Induced gas flotation
Wescorp Energy

Edensibia

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants, 1st, John Wiley & Sons.
↑ American Petroleum Institute (API) (February 1990). Management of Water Discharges: Design and Operations of Oil-Water Separators, 1st, American Petroleum Institute.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants, 1st, John Wiley & Sons. Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants (1st ed.). John Wiley & Sons. LCCN 67019834.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ”Schultz, Thomas. “Get the Most out of API Separators.” Chemical Engineering. July 2005.
↑ Hobson (May 2004). "The Scoop on Oil Skimmers". Environmental Protection.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Beychok, Milton R. (December 1971). "Wastewater treatment". Hydrocarbon Processing: 109–112. ISSN 0887-0284. Beychok, Milton R. (December 1971). "Wastewater treatment". Hydrocarbon Processing: 109–112. ISSN 0887-0284. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "HP" defined multiple times with different content
↑ American Petroleum Institute (API) (February 1990). Management of Water Discharges: Design and Operations of Oil-Water Separators, 1st, American Petroleum Institute.
↑ Oily water separator. Archived from the original on 2020-02-17. Retrieved on 2023-12-20.
↑ Leonard L.Grigsby (2001). The Electrical Power Engineering Handbook. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-8578-4.

Foto, eserese na mkparịta ụka nke gravimetric API Separators
Mmanụ / Mmiri nkewa Diagrams na nkọwa nke ndị na-ekewa site na iji plastik n'otu akụkụ.
Mmanụ n'ime mmiri Nkewa Ezigbo mkparịta ụka na nkọwa nke usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri.
Onye na-emepụta ihe, eserese, foto, eserese.
Ihe ndị na-ekewa mmiri mmanụ, ihe ọmụmụ, teknụzụ, foto
Onye na-emepụta Ụlọ ọrụ AFL. Nkọwa OWS na eserese

[Aqueous2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants, 1st, John Wiley & Sons.

[API4212-2] American Petroleum Institute (API) (February 1990). Management of Water Discharges: Design and Operations of Oil-Water Separators, 1st, American Petroleum Institute.

[Aqueous-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants, 1st, John Wiley & Sons. Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants (1st ed.). John Wiley & Sons. LCCN 67019834.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ”Schultz, Thomas. “Get the Most out of API Separators.” Chemical Engineering. July 2005.

[5] Hobson (May 2004). "The Scoop on Oil Skimmers". Environmental Protection.

[HP-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Beychok, Milton R. (December 1971). "Wastewater treatment". Hydrocarbon Processing: 109–112. ISSN 0887-0284. Beychok, Milton R. (December 1971). "Wastewater treatment". Hydrocarbon Processing: 109–112. ISSN 0887-0284. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "HP" defined multiple times with different content

[API421-7] American Petroleum Institute (API) (February 1990). Management of Water Discharges: Design and Operations of Oil-Water Separators, 1st, American Petroleum Institute.

[8] Oily water separator. Archived from the original on 2020-02-17. Retrieved on 2023-12-20.

[9] Leonard L.Grigsby (2001). The Electrical Power Engineering Handbook. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-8578-4.

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