Ebe Nchekwa Ọhịa Ise
Ise Forest Reserve dị na Steeti Ekiti, ndị ikom egwuregwu Nigeria, na-ekpuchi 142 km 2, 5° 20.804'E ruo 5° 25.331'E longitude na 7°21.069'N ruo 7° 25.579'N latitude na ebe akwụkwọ. mgbaàmà echedoro dị ihe dị ka 9 km ruo n'ụdị ndị Reserve n'ụdị okporo ụzọ Akure-Benin site na obodo Uso na Ondo State. [1] Ọ ka bụ otu n'ime mpekere ndị ike ndị na ndị na-ama egwuregwu Nigeria, nke ejiri nnukwu ọrụ na-eme ihe dị ka ọrụ ugbo, igbu osisi, na ibe nta. Otú ọ dị, a na-ewere ha dị ka ihe dị mkpa na ihe ndị a na-achọsi ike nke gburugburu ebe obibi. [2] [3] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ebe nchekwa kacha mkpa maka Nigeria-Cameroun chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes Elliott) na Nigeria nwere oke ike na-emebi emebi. [4] Ebe e mere n'elu elu oke osimiri bụ mita 366. [5] Nke a bụ ebe obibi mbụ na nke a na-edekọkarị na ndị egwuregwu egwuregwu Nigeria. [6] Ọ bụkwa ebe obibi maka ụdị 661 nke urukurubụba na nnukwu obodo nke anụmanụ na osisi ndị ọzọ. [7] [6] Ọ nwowo na nchapụta ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 20. Otu n'ime saịtị echedoro na mpaghara ebe ebe bụ Ise Forest Reserve. Ọtụtụ n'ime oke ndị dị na Nigeria, ebe echedoro, na-ekewa nke ukwuu. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ na ụmụ irighiri ihe ụmụ anụmanụ ole na ole otu iberi ndị buru ibu.
A na-arụ ahụ arụ ọrụ ugbo, osisi, na nna nta. [1] N'ihe gbasara oke ohia na-emebi emebi, ọ bụ otu n'ime ebe kacha mkpa na nchekwa nchekwa Naijiria maka Nigeria-Cameroun chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti). [2] [3] Anụmanụ a dị n'ọtụtụ ebe dị na mpaghara Nigeria, mana ọ pụwo n'iyi na mpaghara n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ime iri afọ ole na ole gara aga. [4] [5] Ekwuputala na ụfọdụ igbutu osisi n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ dị ukwuu n'ihi ya na ụdị nta, vidiyo ọ na-enwe n'ahụ́ anụ ahụ nwere ike ịnwụ.. [1]
Ihu igwe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ise Forest Reserve na-etu ọnụ maka ihu igwe nke usoro Köppen-Geiger kewara dị ka Aw. Ihe e ji mara ihu igwe a bụ oge udu mmiri na oge ọkọchị dị iche iche, nke na-enwekwa akụ nke afọ 25.3 Celsius C (77.5 °F). Okpomọkụ mmalite elu na-eme na February na 27.4 Celsius C (81.3 Celsius F), ebe ikiri nke kacha ala n'August na 23.3 Celsius C (73.9 °F). Mgbanwe n'etiti ụnwanyị na-adị na-agafe agafe, na-eme ka ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na nke dabara adaba maka n'ime afọ.. [2]
Ụdị mmiri dị n'ime ụfọdụ na-enye aka na oge mmiri na ọkọchị dị iche iche. Oge mmiri ozuzo na-esi na ụgbọ ruo Ọktoba, Sept bụ nwanyị kacha mmiri mmiri, na-enweta nkezi nke 221. mm (8.7 inch) nke mmiri mmiri. N'ụzọ dị iche, Disemba na-ahụ mmiri mmiri ozuzo, yana naanị 9 mm (0.4 mgbochi ). Mgbanwe nke mmiri mmiri bụ ihe ihe oyiyi, yana ọdị dị 212 mm n'etiti ụnwapụta nkụ na mmiri mmiri. Mgbanwe a dị mkpa mgbe ị na-eme mmemme ma ọ bụ njem na mpaghara.
Iru mmiri dị n'ime oke ọhịa na-agbaso usoro yiri nke ahụ, na-erute ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na September na 88% ma na-agbada na nke kasị ala na January na 49%. Mgbanwe a na iru mmiri na-enye aka na nhụta nkasi obi zuru oke ma na-ekere òkè n'ime ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi.
Oge anwụ anwụ, dị nke mkpa ihu igwe, na- Megadị dị iche iche nke oge. January na-amata nkọwa elu nke awa anwụ kwa ụbọchị, na-ewe awa 8.86, na-atụnye ihe nke awa 274.55 ìhè maka ahụ ahụ. N'ụzọ dị iche, Julaị na-enwetakwa awa anwụ anwụ kacha nta kwa ụbọchị na 3.45, na-agbakọ na ihe nke awa 106.88. N'ime afọ niile, nchekwa ndị na-enweta ihe dịka awa 2131.53 nke anwụ, yana nkezi oge kwa ụnwa dị ihe dị ka awa 70.21.
| Climate data for Ise Forest Reserve (Ise) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °F | 92.5 | 93.5 | 92.1 | 89.1 | 86.1 | 83 | 81.4 | 81 | 82.5 | 84.4 | 87.5 | 90.7 | 87.0 |
| Daily mean °F | 80.2 | 81.3 | 80.6 | 79.1 | 77.5 | 75.4 | 74.2 | 73.9 | 74.5 | 75.7 | 77.9 | 79.1 | 77.5 |
| Average low °F | 70.8 | 73.2 | 74.4 | 74.1 | 73.2 | 71.7 | 70.5 | 70.1 | 70.7 | 71.4 | 72.3 | 70.7 | 71.9 |
| Average precipitation inches | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 53 |
| Average high °C | 33.6 | 34.2 | 33.4 | 31.7 | 30.1 | 28 | 27.4 | 27 | 28.1 | 29.1 | 30.8 | 32.6 | 30.5 |
| Daily mean °C | 26.8 | 27.4 | 27.0 | 26.2 | 25.3 | 24.1 | 23.4 | 23.3 | 23.6 | 24.3 | 25.5 | 26.2 | 25.3 |
| Average low °C | 21.6 | 22.9 | 23.6 | 23.4 | 22.9 | 22.1 | 21.4 | 21.2 | 21.5 | 21.9 | 22.4 | 21.5 | 22.2 |
| Average precipitation cm | 0 | 2.5 | 5.1 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 2.5 | 0 | 133.1 |
| Average rainy days | 2 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 18 | 7 | 2 | 152 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 49 | 58 | 71 | 80 | 84 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 88 | 87 | 78 | 58 | 76 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.9 | 8.1 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 5.8 |
| Source: climate-data.org[2] | |||||||||||||
AKWỤKWỌ OKWU IGBO
Enyere oke ohia nke Ise nwere ụdị anụmanụ na osisi dị iche iche. Ma anụmanụ na osisi ndị dị n'imeji Ise dị ukwuu. [1] [2] Gmelina arborea, Mansonia altissima, Tectona grandis, Alstonia boonei, Ceiba pentandra, Entandrophragma cylindricum, Terminalia ivorensis, Khaya ivorensis, na Milicia excelsa bụ ole na ole n'ime ụdị osisi ndị a na-echetara n'ebe ahụ. [2] ụdị anụ ndị ahụ primates dị ka Monkey Monkey (Cercopithecus mona), Nigerian white-throated guenon (Cercopithecuserythogaster pococki), enwe putty-nosed Naijiria ( Cercopithecus nictitans nilotus ), mangabey na-acha uhie (Cercocebus torquatus) , Nkata oliv (Papio baboon). anubis) na Nigeria-CameroonChimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti). [2] Ụmụ anụmanụ dị ka Forest Buffalo (Synerus caffernanus), Red River Hog (Potamochoerus porcus), na African Forest Elephant (Loxodonta Africana cyclotis). Ụdị ụdị, dị ka oke okpete, Bush Pigs, ụmụ akwụkwọ, ilo, ahịhịa, ahịhịa, Cricket, Squirrel, African Black Kite, Ground Squirrel, Wart Hog, Bush Baby, Forest Hog, Water Buck, Cattle Egret, Duicker, Quail, Banana Bat, Quele Bird, Rodent, and Cerato gymnaelata's yellow-casqued hornbill [3] Ka o sina dị, oke igbutu osisi na ikpochapụ ala maka ibi wii na-enyeghị ikike na-etinye ihe iyi egwu na mpaghara ahụ. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ka o sina dị, ọ dị oke mkpa makakwa anụ Ma, maka ozi gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara a.
Ogige Ise Forest na-enweta kpọmkwem mmiri ozuzo 1380mm kwa afọ. [1] N'ime oge udu mmiri (Eprel ruo October), mmiri ozuzo na- agbanwe agbanwe ma na-ekesa nke ọma. Otu obere osimiri na-adị obere obere na-eru nso n'idị egwu egwu nke ebe nchekwa ahụ, osimiri Ogbese na-agafe na oke ike nke ebe ahụ dị nso n'osimiri Ogbese. [1] Okpomọkụ kacha ala na nke izi bụ 19 Celsius C na 33 Celsius C, n'otu n'otu, na nkezi ndụ kwa afọ na-agbada n'etiti 25 Celsius C na 28 Celsius C. 1200 mm ma ọ bụ obere obere. mmiri mmiri na-ada kwa afọ.
A ka na-efunahụ oke ọhịa Ekiti, na-agbajisịa, na-eweda ya ala; a na-eji ya arụ ọrụ ugbo, ịkọ osisi, ịta ahịhịa, na ọkụ. Ọtụtụ oke ọhịa dị na Nigeria agbanweela ka ọ bụrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ nkwụ na rọba. Osisi nkwụ mmanụ ewegharala akụkụ dị ukwuu nke oke ọhịa ndị gbara gburugburu ebe dị mkpa echedoro gburugburu. Enwekwara ọtụtụ mmepe nkwụ mmanụ ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu. Ime obodo, mgbasawanye nke ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ, iwu ụlọ, mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ọrụ ugbo na-adịghị mma, na mmepe akụrụngwa na-etinye nsogbu n'ihe ndị dị n'ọhịa Nigeria. </link>Mgbasawanye na nbibi nke oke ohia obodo ] [ mba na-egosi nrụgide ndị a. A na-arụkwa akwụkwọ ikike igbu osisi ọhụrụ n'ime ọhịa, ụlọ ọrụ na-akụ osisi na-enwekwa ike ịrụ ngwa ngwa ma kpochapụ ụzọ oge a ga-eji kwe ka ebupụ osisi n'afọ niile. [3] Ihe iyi egwu kachasị na oke ohia sitere na omume ụmụ mmadụ ogologo oge nke ịchụ nta ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka chimpanzee, maka nri, anụ ọhịa maka ọgwụ ọdịnala, ịchọ mma, ma ọ bụ (ruo n'ókè dị nta) maka egwuregwu. Ebe a na-eji égbè agba ọtụtụ anụmanụ ma ọ bụ jide ha n'ọnyà e mere maka ihe e kere eke dị n'ụwa. [4] [5] [6] Karịsịa na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Nigeria, ịgha osisi na-esochi ya ugboro ugboro site n'ịgbanwe ala ọhịa ka ọ bụrụ ịkọ ihe; Ebe nke a mere, ebe obibi chimpanzee na-efunahụ ya kpamkpam. Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Ekiti fọdụrụ ugbu a dị ntakịrị na ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ihi nchikota nke mmebi obibi na ịchụ nta, ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke ịla n'iyi n'ihi ọrịa na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ a na-atụghị anya ya. Ọ bụ naanị ebe a ka achọpụtala ịdị adị chimpanzees dị na steeti Ekiti. Iji meziwanye nchekwa na Ise, Nigerian Conservation Foundation na-ezube imekọ ihe na steeti Ekiti.
Ihe butere igbutu osisi n'ime oke ọhịa Ise
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ịkụ osisi ma ọ bụ igbutu osisi na-enyeghị ikike
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][7]N'ebe nchekwa nke Ise Forest, a haziri ngalaba osisi na-enweta egbochi na ɔkwa ọkụ niile. N'amara ka afɔ 30 gara aga, azụmahịa ndị ezi na-agba ọsọ nhazi nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a nke nta ka ọ ghara izi ozi na saịtị ahụ. [1] Ikpochapụ ala maka ịtụgharị wii wii na-enyeghị ikike na osisi gabigara ókè na-etinye ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ịmepụta ebe nchekwa ga-eme ka mmata maka oke ike ahụ ma onye ọrụ iji chebe iwu na iwu. Ebe echedoro ga-enyere aka n'iweghachite ụdị dị n'ime ike site na njedebe nke ikpochapu. Ọ ga-enye aka n'ichekwa ọnụ ọgụgụ chimpanzee n'ime kwụsị. Gọọmenti steeti Ekiti nke Naijiria akwagala imebe ebe nchekwa n'ime oke guzo Ise, bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ichekwa ebe obibi nke Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ellioti)
Ihe egwu bụ isi chere ogige Ise Forest Reserve ihu bụ igbutu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, ebe ndị mmadụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na-egbutu osisi iji nweta osisi, wee na-ere ya site na ọwa iwu na-akwadoghị. Ihe omume a na-akpaghasị gburugburu ebe obibi ma nwee mmetụta ọjọọ na mbọ nchekwa na nkwado nchekwa nchekwa.
Mgbasawanye nke Agriculture
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ekpochapụ ndị mgbochi iji guzobe ubi ugbo, na-ụzọ igbutu na ọkụ . Usoro a iku igbutu osisi na ịgbanye ndụ ọkụ, na-ebute ikpochapụ oke ike ahụ. Ihe ndị a na-akọ, na-eduga na igbutu osisi na mmetụta dị ukwuu na ike okike, nwere ike àmàta gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide. Ọrụ ugbo na-etinye nnukwu nsogbu n'ime oke ike Ise na ụdị ndụ dị iche iche ya. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ụzọ ụzọ igbutu na ọkụ na-ekpochapụ ebe mgbochi maka ọrụ ugbo, na-akpata ngwa ngwa na nnukwu ike. Nke a na-ebute ọrịa ebe obibi maka anụ anụ na nkewa nke oke ike, na-ahụ anụmanụ. Ọzọkwa, ọrụ na-ewebata ọgwụ pesticides na fatịlaịza n'ime oke mma ugbo, na-emetụta anụ ndị n'ụzọ dị njọ. Ọgwụ nje nwere ike ikpochapụ ụmụ na invertebrates dị oke mkpa dị ka isi nri maka akụkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ e kere eke, ebe fatịlaịza nwere ike imerụ ahụ mmiri, mebie azụ na ndụ mmiri ndị ọzọ. Ịkọ ugbo na oke mkpa Ise nwere ike ike nchoputa n'etiti ndị ọrụ ugbo na anụ anụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, enyí nwere ike na-eri ihe n’ubi, na-eduga n’ịkwụsị ndị ọrụ ugbo gbuo ha. Ọgụ a na-ebelata mbelata nke ọnụ enyí na anụ anụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ime nhọrọ. N'agbanyeghị mmachibido iwu mgbochi Naijiria machibido ọrụ ugbo na oke ike Ise, mmanye ka na-esiri ike n'ihi oke mmetụta na ndị ọrụ. N'ihi ya, ọrụ ugbo na-aga n'ihu na-ebute oke egwu n'oké nchegbu na anụ iru dị iche iche.</link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]
Mmechi mmadụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mbanye nke ebe obibi na ihe omume ụmụ mmadụ bụ ihe dị mkpa na-enye aka na igbutu osisi na Ise Forest Reserve. Ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ibu na-arị elu, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-akwaga na mpaghara mpaghara kpuchiriburu. Mgbanwe igwe mmadụ a na-ebute mbelata nke ebe obibi , n'ikpeazụ na-ebute igbutu [8]
Socio-na gburugburu ebe obibi vitality nke Ise Forest
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ike mmekọrịta ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi nke Ise Forest Reserve gụnyere mkparịta ụka dị mgbagwoju anya n'etiti oke ọhịa na obodo ndị mmadụ dabere na ya. Ọhịa ahụ na-enye ọtụtụ uru gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ịhazi usoro mmiri, ime ka ikuku na mmiri dị ọcha, na ịkwalite ụdị ndụ dị iche iche. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-ejide nnukwu uru omenala na akụ na ụba maka ndị obodo. [9]
Ọgaranya n'ụdị osisi na anụmanụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, Ogige ọhịa Ise na-ejide ndị Yoruba mkpa ime mmụọ, ndị kwenyere na ọ bụ mmụọ na chi dị iche iche bi, na-eji ya eme ihe omume okpukpe dị iche iche. Ndị obodo na-adabere n'oké ọhịa maka ihe ndị dị mkpa dị ka nri, ọgwụ na ihe owuwu ihe. Ọzọkwa, ọhịa ahụ na-enye ohere akụ na ụba site na njem nlegharị anya, igbu osisi, na ọrụ ugbo. </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]
ụgbọ, ndị agha ike nke ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi na-eche ọtụtụ ihe egwu ihu, dị ka igbutu osisi, ጠጡ ihu igwe, na ebe aka site na mmemme mmadụ. Ikpochapụ oke ụfọdụ na-ụdị ebe obibi anụ ma na-akpaghasị usoro mmirika, ebe ebute ihu igwe na-eme ka okwu ndị iro njọ site n'ịkwalite njọ naakpa nkụ. Mmegide mmadụ na-ebute mfu nke ebe obibi na mgbaàmà, na-agbasawanye mgbasa ahụ </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]
N'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka ndị a, ụgwọ dị mma n'ime Ise Forest Reserve. Gọọmenti Ekiti steeti ehiwela mpaghara nchekwa, na-egosi nkwa ichekwa oke ike ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, otu dị iche iche na-ahụ nke otu na-agbasi mbọ ike n'ichekwa oke mkpa na anụ dị iche iche iche. [9]
Otu esi aga na Ise Forest Reserve
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ise Forest Reserve dị nso na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Benin, mana ọ bụghị ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ụwa. Yabụ, ndị ọbịa mba ofesi na-ebu ụzọ efega n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu International Lagos. [10]
Iji ruo Ise Forest Reserve site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Benin City, buru okporo ụzọ ọdụ ụgbọ elu, okporo ụzọ Akenzua na W Circular Road ruo mgbe ị rutere Benin-Sagamu Expressway/Urubi Street/A121. Gaa n'ihu n'ụzọ a ihe dịka nkeji iri na atọ, na-ekpuchi ihe dịka kilomita 5.8.
Ọzọ, were A122 gawa ihe dị ka kilomita 160 ruo mgbe ị ruru Akure. Njem a kwesịrị iwe ihe dịka awa 3 na nkeji 1. Otu oge na Akure, were ụzọ Akure-Ado Ekiti maka ihe dịka kilomita iri abụọ na otu na atọ. Nke a ga-eduga gị na Ise Forest Reserve. Ụkwụ njem a kwesịrị iwe ihe dịka elekere 1.
N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ị nwere ike fega n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Benin City wee banye na Ise Forest Reserve. Ụgbọala ahụ na-ewe ihe dịka awa 4 na nkeji 1.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Kormos, R., Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I., & Butynski, T.M. (2003). Status survey and conservation action plan: West African Chimpanzees. International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ise climate: Weather Ise & temperature by month. en.climate-data.org. Retrieved on 22 October 2023.
- ↑ Odeyinde, M.A. (1980): Wood decay organisms. Proceedings of the seminar on the Protection and Pretreatment of Nigerian timbers jointly organized by Forestry Research Institute Nigeria and Berger Paints (Nigeria) Limited held at FRIN, Ibadan. Pp. 17-24.
- ↑ Imong, I and Warren, Y. 2008. Survey of gorillas and other large mammals in the Okwa-Obonyi transboundary area of Cross River National Park (Nigeria) and the proposed Takamanda National Park (Cameroon). Unpublished report to MINFOF, the NNPS, USFWS, WWF, and WCS. Wildlife Conservation Society, Nigeria and Cameroon.
- ↑ Mboh, H. and Warren, Y. 2007. Large Mammal Survey of the Proposed Takamanda National Park. Report to the Wildlife Conservation Society and KfW. Report 2 in the July 2007 series. Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) – Takamanda-Mone Landscape Project, Limbe, Cameroon.
- ↑ Wilkie, D., Shaw, E., Rotberg, F., Morelli, G. and Auzel, P. 2000. Roads, development, and conservation in the Congo Basin. Conservation Biology 14: 1614–1622
- ↑ Popoola, P.Mfon, P.I. Oni. (Eds). Sustainable Forest Management in Nigeria Lessons and Prospect. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria held in Kaduna, Kaduna-State, Nigeria. 07-11 November 2005. Pp 313-324
- ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2020). "Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report.".
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Oladele, O. I., & Ogunbameru, B. O. (2013). "Socio-economic importance of Ise Forest Reserve, Ekiti State, Nigeria.". Journal of Forestry Research 24 (3): 481–488. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Benin City Airport to Odo Ise I (en). Benin City Airport to Odo Ise I. Retrieved on 22 October 2023.