Injinia ọrụ ugbo

Injinia Agricultural, nke a makwaara dị ka injinia ugbo na biosystems, bụ ngalaba ọmụmụ na ntinye nke sayensị injinia na ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ maka ebumnuche ọrụ ugbo, na-ejikọta usoro dị iche iche nke igwe, obodo, ọkụ eletrik, sayensị nri, gburugburu ebe obibi, ngwanrọ, na injin kemịkalụ. kwalite arụmọrụ nke ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ agribusiness yana iji hụ na ihe onwunwe sitere n'okike na nke a na-emegharị emegharị.. ^[1]

Onye injinia na-arụ ọrụ ugbo bụ onye injinia nwere nzụlite ọrụ ugbo. Ndị injinia na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na-eme atụmatụ injinia na atụmatụ n'ime ọrụ ugbo, na-ejikọkarị ya na onye ọrụ ugbo nke maara nke ọma na sayensị ọrụ ugbo na ọrụ ugbo.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ojiji izizi nke injinia ugbo bụ iwebata ogbugba mmiri n'ubi n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ugbo na osimiri Naịl na osimiri Yufretis tupu 2000 BC. Nnukwu ihe owuwu ịgba mmiri dịkwa na Baluchistan na India tupu oge Ndị Kraịst. N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Eshia, injinia ọrụ ugbo nọ na China. Na South America, ndị Incas na-agba mmiri na Peru, na ndị Aztek na North America.^[2]

Ndị bi ebe ahụ na-agba mmiri n'akụkụ San Antonio na 1715, Ndị Mormon na-agba ala na Salt Lake Valley na 1847. ^[2]

Site na mmụba nke igwe na ike steam na mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ, oge ọhụrụ na injinia ugbo malitere. N'oge mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ndị na-ewe ihe ubi na ndị na-akụ ihe ga-anọchi aka ubi n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nri na ego. John Lloyd, Magnus Strindberg na Dietrich webatara usoro ịkwachasị na 1761. Ọ bụ Andrew Meikle rụrụ ígwè ịcha ụrọ na 1786. ^[3] Ọ bụ Charles Newbold mere nke mbụ ya n'etiti afọ 1790 na 1796. ^[2]

James Smith wuru ebe a na-egbutu osisi na 1811. George Berry jiri ihe owuwe ihe ubi na 1886. ^[3] John Deere mere ugbo ígwè mbụ ya n'afọ 1833. Onye ọrụ ịnyịnya abụọ ahụ bụ nke mbụ n'ihe dị ka afọ 1861. ^[2]

Iwebata echiche injinia ndị a n'ime ọrụ ugbo mere ka e nwee ọganihu dị ukwuu na mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ, nke a na-akpọ "mgbanwe ọrụ ugbo nke abụọ" nke gụnyere: ^[4]

Mgbanwe site na ọrụ ugbo na-arụ ọrụ maka ahịa
Mgbanwe teknụzụ nke mgbanwe ihe ọkụkụ na mmezi anụ ụlọ
A na-eji ígwè dochie ọrụ

Na narị afọ nke 20, site na ịrị elu nke injin ndị a pụrụ ịdabere na ha n'ụgbọelu, a na-etinye ihe ọkụkụ iji gbasaa ọgwụ ahụhụ. Benjamin Holt rụrụ ihe owuwe ihe ubi na-eji mmanụ ụgbọala eme ihe na 1911. Erwin Peucker rụrụ traktọ bulldog n'afọ 1936. Deutz-Fahr mepụtara rotary hay tedder na 1961. ^[3]

Na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 20, e mepụtara nri gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (GMOs), na-enye nnukwu mmụba ọzọ maka ihe ọkụkụ na iguzogide ụmụ ahụhụ.^[5]

Akụkụ nke nkuzi

Injinia ọrụ ugbo nwere ọtụtụ ngalaba, nke a na-ahụkarị ebe a:

Ngwá Ọrụ Ugbo

Ihe owuwu ugbo Nnyocha Ọrụ Ugbo

Ịkpa Mmanụ n'Ime

Biomechanics & Ergonomics Injinia Ọhịa

Ịgba mmiri Mmepe Ala Ọgwụ ahụhụ

Ọrụ ugbo ziri ezi

Nchịkwa Ala

Ọrụ nke ndị injinia ọrụ ugbo

Ndị injinia ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dịka ịhazi, ilekọta na ijikwa iwu usoro mmiri ara ehi, ịgba mmiri, usoro nchịkwa mmiri ozuzo, ịme Nnyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, nhazi ngwaahịa ọrụ ugbo na ịkọwa nsonaazụ nyocha ma tinye n'ọrụ omume ndị dị mkpa. Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị injinia ọrụ ugbo na-arụ ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ ma ọ bụ maka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Ụfọdụ bụ ndị ndụmọdụ, ndị ụlọ ọrụ injinia onwe ha na-arụ ọrụ, ebe ndị ọzọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ, maka ndị na-emepụta igwe ọrụ ugbo, ngwá ọrụ, teknụzụ nhazi, na ihe owuwu maka ụlọ anụ ụlọ na nchekwa ihe ọkụkụ. Ndị injinia ọrụ ugbo na-arụ ọrụ na mmepụta, ahịa, njikwa, nyocha na mmepe, ma ọ bụ sayensị eji eme ihe.

Armenia

N'afọ 2006, ngalaba ọrụ ugbo nke Armenia mejupụtara ihe dị ka pasent 20 nke GDP. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2010, ọ toro ruo ihe dị ka pasent 25. ^[6] Nke a dị elu ma dị elu karịa na mba ndị gbara Armenia gburugburu nke Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey na Iran, ebe onyinye nke ọrụ ugbo na GDP na 2017 bụ 6.88, 5.63, 6.08 na 9.05 percent, n'otu n'otu.^[7]

Philippines

Na Philippines, aha ọkachamara bụ onye injinia ọrụ ugbo na biosystems. A na-enye ha ikikere ma kwado ha mgbe ha gafere ule ikikere ọrụ ugbo na nke Biosystems. A chọrọ onye na-atụ anya ọrụ ugbo na usoro ihe ndị dị ndụ iji nweta nzere Bachelor nke sayensị afọ anọ na Injinia Ọrụ Ugbo na Biosystems.

Omume nke ọrụ ugbo na injinia biosystems gụnyekwara ihe ndị a:

Nkwurịta okwu, nyocha, nyocha na ọrụ njikwa na injinia ọrụ ugbo na usoro ndụ.
Nchịkwa ma ọ bụ nlekọta na nkwadebe nke atụmatụ injinia, atụmatụ, nkọwapụta, ọmụmụ ọrụ na atụmatụ maka ọrụ ugbo na usoro ndụ, aquaculture na ịkụ azụ, na igwe ngwaahịa ọhịa, ụlọ ọrụ ugbo ne usoro ndụ, usoro eletrik na usoro ike, usoro nhazi ugbo na nke usoro ndụ, sistemụ na usoro nchekwa ala, usoro ọrụ ugbo.
Na-eme nchọpụta na mmepe, ọzụzụ na ọrụ ịgbatị, na ọrụ ndụmọdụ na ọrụ ugbo na usoro ndụ injinia / ọrụ, usoro na teknụzụ.
Nnyocha, nyocha na nyocha nke ọrụ ugbo na usoro ndụ, ịkụ azụ na igwe ngwaahịa ọhịa na ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara ọrụ ugbo da usoro ndụ na ngwá ọrụ.
Nchịkwa, mmepụta na / ma ọ bụ ahịa nke ọrụ ugbo na usoro ndụ na ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara ọrụ ugbo.
Ihe ọmụmụ injinia nkuzi, ọrụ ugbo na usoro ndụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmụta na Philippines;
Ọrụ na gọọmentị nyere ihe ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ chọrọ ihe ọmụma na nka nke onye injinia ọrụ ugbo na nke usoro ndụ.

United Kingdom

Na United Kingdom, a na-ejikarị okwu injinia ọrụ ugbo akọwa onye na-arụzi ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe ngwá ọrụ ugbo.

United States

American Society of Agricultural Engineers, nke a na-akpọ ugbu a dị ka American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), tọrọ ntọala na 1907. Ọ bụ òtù na-eduga na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo. ASABE na-enye ụkpụrụ nchekwa na ụkpụrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ugbo. A na-emepụta ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ ndị a n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka fatịlaịza, ọnọdụ ala, azụ azụ, mmanụ mmanụ, biogas, igwe nri, traktọ, na igwe..^[8]

Hụkwa

Mmụta ọrụ ugbo
Sayensị ọrụ ugbo
Agronomy
Injinia Bioresource
Injinia Biosystems
Ngwakọta ọla kọpa n'ịkpa anụ n'ime mmiri
Ọrụ ugbo
Ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị injinia ọrụ ugbo
Ndepụta nke ígwè ọrụ ugbo
Ọrụ ugbo
Ime ka mmiri dị nro

Ebem si dee

↑ Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering | Professional Regulation Commission. prc.gov.ph. Retrieved on 2021-05-01.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Davidson J.B. 1913. Agricultural engineering, Webb Publishing
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 H. Klaus, Milestones in the history of agricultural engineering, The world of agricultural engineering 2011
↑ F. M. L. Thompson (1968), The Second Agricultural Revolution, 1815-1880, The Economic History Review, Wiley
↑ ASABE 100 years of innovation. ASABE.
↑ "Kocharian Orders Tax Exemption For Armenian Farmers", Armenia Liberty (RFE/RL), August 8, 2006.
↑ GDP share of agriculture by country, around the world.
↑ ASABE (en-us). asabe.org. Retrieved on 2018-04-13.

[1] Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering | Professional Regulation Commission. prc.gov.ph. Retrieved on 2021-05-01.

[Davidson-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Davidson J.B. 1913. Agricultural engineering, Webb Publishing

[Klaus-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 H. Klaus, Milestones in the history of agricultural engineering, The world of agricultural engineering 2011

[4] F. M. L. Thompson (1968), The Second Agricultural Revolution, 1815-1880, The Economic History Review, Wiley

[5] ASABE 100 years of innovation. ASABE.

[ArmeniaLib-Aug-8-2006-6] "Kocharian Orders Tax Exemption For Armenian Farmers", Armenia Liberty (RFE/RL), August 8, 2006.

[7] GDP share of agriculture by country, around the world.

[:0-8] ASABE (en-us). asabe.org. Retrieved on 2018-04-13.

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