Lee ebe Nri na-eme ka a nụchaa ya si


[[Usòrò:Manure_01.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Ebe a na-echekwa simenti nke nwere nsị ehi a gwakọtara ya na mmiri. Nke a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ime ime obodo Hainan Province, [[China]]. Rịba ama bọket dị n'elu osisi nke onye ọrụ ugbo na-eji etinye ngwakọta ahụ.]]
[[Usòrò:Spreading_lime_on_a_Devon_field.jpg|thumb|Ala a na-egbuke egbuke]]
[[Usòrò:Bone_meal_and_meat_meal.jpg|thumb|Enwere ike itinye nri ọkpụkpụ na nri anụ n'ime ala iji kpalie uto mgbọrọgwụ na ịhapụ phosphorus.]]
Fatịlaịza organic bụ fatịlaịza nke a na-emepụta na okike.[1] Fatịlaịza bụ ihe enwere ike ịgbakwunye na ala ma ọ bụ osisi, iji nye nri na ịkwado uto. Fatịlaịza organic a na-ahụkarị gụnyere ihe mkpofu anụmanụ niile gụnyere mkpofu nhazi anụ, nri, slurry, na guano; gbakwunyere fatịlaịza ihe ọkụkụ dị ka compost; na biosolids. Inorganic "fatịlaịza organic" gụnyere mineral na ash. Ọgba aghara a na-ezo aka na ụkpụrụ nke Organic Agriculture, nke na-ekpebi ma enwere ike iji fatịlaịza maka ọrụ ugbo organic azụmahịa, ọ bụghị ma fatịlaịza nwere ogige organic.

== Ihe Nlereanya na Ebe e si nweta ya ==
Fatịlaịza organic ndị bụ isi bụ, peat, mkpofu anụmanụ, mkpofu ahịhịa sitere na ọrụ ugbo, na sludg nsị mmiri a na-edozi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium Values of Organic Fertilizers|url=https://extension.oregonstate.edu/node/139446/printable/print|accessdate=2021-05-16|work=extension.oregonstate.edu|archivedate=2021-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102013113/https://extension.oregonstate.edu/node/139446/printable/print}}</ref>

=== Ihe ndị a na-egwupụta n'ala ===
Enwere ike gwupụta mineral site na ngwaahịa anụ arụ nke anụmanụ, dị ka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (nchekwa mmiri anaerobic), ụfọdụ nkume limestones (nkwakọba shei fossil), [5] na ụfọdụ phosphates (fossil guano).[6] Ịgbakwunye nzu ma ọ bụ "liming" ala bụ ụzọ isi bulie pH.[7] Site n'ịkwalite pH nke ala, enwere ike ịkwalite uto microbial, nke n'aka nke ya na-abawanye usoro ndu, na-eme ka ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na-asọba n'ime ala.[8] Mgbe nri na-asọpụta n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla, ha na-enwe ike ịnweta osisi na ya mere nwere ike ịbawanye ahụike na oke osisi. Ọ bụrụ na ala adịlarị pH nguzozi, na-akụda ala, agaghị adị irè.

* Rock phosphate
* Raw Langbeinite
* Nkume
* potassium sulfate a na-edozighị eme ihe

=== Ebe E Si nweta ya ===
Ihe ndị sitere n'anụmanụ gụnyere ma nsị anụmanụ na ihe ndị fọdụrụnụ site na igbu anụmanụ.<ref name="Guertal-2012">{{Cite journal|author=Guertal|first=E. A.|date=2012|title=Evaluation of organic fertilizer sources for south-eastern (USA) turfgrass maintenance|journal=Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B|language=en|volume=62|issue=sup1|pages=130–138|doi=10.1080/09064710.2012.683201|issn=0906-4710}}</ref>

A na-esi n'anụmanụ na-amịpụta mmiri ara ehi na-enweta nri nri, anụ ọkụkọ na-amị akwa, na anụmanụ ndị a na-akpa maka anụ na imepụta ihe nzuzo, ma ọ bụ egwuregwu na ntụrụndụ. Nri bụ ihe bara ụba nke nwere atụmatụ maka nri ehi na US naanị na-eru ijeri tọn abụọ kwa afọ, [9] na otu nne okuko nwere ikike imepụta otu cubic ụkwụ nri kwa ọnwa isii.[10] Site n'itinye nri n'ihe ọkụkụ, ọ na-agbakwunye nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sọlfọ, magnesium na calcium.[11]. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-abawanye nkwụsi ike nke ala site n'ịbawanye ihe ndị dị ndụ, ịba ụba mmiri n'ime mmiri, ọ nwere ike ịgbakwunye iche iche nje bacteria na ka oge na-aga belata mmetụta nke mbuze ala.<ref name="BCRC-2021">{{Cite web|title=Manure and Nutrient Management - Beef Cattle Research Council|url=http://www.beefresearch.ca/research-topic.cfm|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=Manure and Nutrient Management - Beef Cattle Research Council|archivedate=2020-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523072621/http://www.beefresearch.ca/research-topic.cfm}}</ref>

Otú ọ dị, e nwere nsị anụ ahụ na nsị na-abụghị nke anụ ahụ.Iji were nsị dị ka ihe dị ndụ, ọ ga-esite n'ụmụ anụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ ndị na-akụ ihe dị ndụ.<ref name="COG-2021">{{Cite web|title=How do the Regenerative Organic Standards compare to the Canadian Organic Standards?|url=http://magazine.cog.ca/article/how-do-the-regenerative-organic-standards-compare-to-the-canadian-organic-standards/|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=The Canadian Organic Grower|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117023522/http://magazine.cog.ca/article/how-do-the-regenerative-organic-standards-compare-to-the-canadian-organic-standards/}}</ref> Ọ bụrụ na enweghị nsị anụ ahụ, a na-ekwe ka ha jiri nsị na-abụghị nke anụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụhaala na ụmụ anụmanụ nwere ohere ịgagharị, anaghị edebe ha n'ọchịchịrị, ndị na-akụ ya anaghị eji nri gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.<ref name="COG-2021" />

Nri dị ọhụrụ, site na ụlọ, nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịdị elu na ammonia, ma ọ bụ nwee nje bacteria sitere na eriri afọ anụmanụ.Nke a nwere ike inwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na osisi dịka ammonia nwere ike ịgba mgbọrọgwụ ọkụ na ụmụ ahụhụ sitere na eriri afọ anụmanụ nwere ike imerụ microorganisms n'ime ala, gbuo ha, ma ọ bụ metọọ ihe, dị ka E. coli na salmonella.<ref name="thepoultrysite2021">{{Cite web|title=Best practice guidelines for using poultry litter on pastures|url=https://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/best-practice-guidelines-for-using-poultry-litter-on-pastures-1|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=www.thepoultrysite.com|language=en}}</ref> Enwekwara ihe ize ndụ nke iwebata ahịhịa, ebe ọ bụ na mkpụrụ nwere ike ịgafe eriri afọ nke anụmanụ na-emerụghị ahụ, ma ọ bụ enwere ike inwe mkpụrụ n'ihe ndina nke anụ ụlọ, nke a na-agwakọta ya na nsị. Ya mere, a chọrọ ka a mee nsị nke ga-egbu mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ pathogens ọ bụla ma belata ammonia.<ref name="Seeds-2021">{{Cite web|title=The Poop on Manure|url=https://www.westcoastseeds.com/blogs/garden-wisdom/poop-manure|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=West Coast Seeds|date=24 January 2021|language=en}}</ref>
[[Usòrò:Krechty_kompostarna.jpg|thumb|Nnukwu ọrụ compost azụmahịa]]
Akpụkpọ anụ, nke nwere nsị ọkụkọ na ihe ndina, bụ fatịlaịza nke a tụpụtara ka ọ dị elu maka idozi ala maka owuwe ihe ubi na fatịlaịtị aka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2010|title=Researchers Study Value of Chicken Litter in Cotton Production|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2010/100623.htm}}</ref> O nwere mineral ndị yiri nke ahụ na nsị ndị ọzọ, ebe o nwekwara obere ọla kọpa, zinc, magnesium, boron, na chloride.<ref name="thepoultrysite2021"/> Dabere na ụdị anụ ọkụkọ a nwetara, ọ nwere ike ịnwe ihe fọdụrụnụ. A gaghị agbasa ụdị nsị ọkụkọ a n'ihe ọkụkụ, ọ pụkwara itinye anụ ụlọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'ihi botulism, ọrịa nke nje bacteria kpatara n'ime nnụnụ na-ere ure.<ref name="thepoultrysite2021" />

Nri ịnyịnya nwere nguzozi zuru oke nke Carbon na Nitrogen maka composting (30:1) ma bụrụ mmezi ala ubi ọdịnala. Otú ọ dị, iji nlezianya nweta ihe ndị dị ndụ dị oke mkpa n'ihi na nri (na ihe ndina) sitere na ubi ndị a na-agwọ na ezinụlọ picolinic acid nke herbicides gụnyere aminopyralid, clopyralid), na picloram (nke a na-ere na US dị ka Milestone na Grazon-) nwere ike ịgafe n'ụzọ mgbari nri nke ịnyịnya, na-anọgide na-agbanwebeghị na nsị na compost maka ogologo oge. Chemicals ndị a na-emetụtakarị poteto, tomato, na agwa, na-akpata osisi ndị gbagọrọ agbagọ na mkpụrụ osisi na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ na-adịghị. Ọzọkwa, a pụrụ ịchọpụta ndị na-egbu egbu ịnyịnya dị ka Ivermectin n'ime nsị n'ogo na-emerụ ụmụ ahụhụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ bara uru ruo ụbọchị 45. Compost metụrụ emebi nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị igbu osisi na ihe ndị bara uru, kamakwa ọ nwere ike ịmepụta nsogbu maka ndị nwe ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Worm Farmer's Handbook: Mid- to Large-Scale Vermicomposting for Farms, Businesses, Municipalities, Schools, and Institutions|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329488189|accessdate=2021-07-25}}</ref>

A na-eji guano bat eme ihe dị ka fatịlaịza ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ, ọkachasị site n'aka Ndị Incan, bụ ndị ji ụkpara na guano ha kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu, ntaramahụhụ maka igbu ụkpara bụ ọnwụ. Bat guano dị elu na ihe ndị dị ka carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, na phosphorus. Guano na-enwekarị ihe dị ka 10% nitrogen, nke na-enyere osisi aka ịnọgide na-enwe ụcha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị mma ma na-akwalite uto ngwa ngwa. Guano ma e jiri ya tụnyere fatịlaịza arụpụtara dị mma iji mee ihe n'ime na n'èzí ụlọ, nnukwu ogige ma ọ bụ obere osisi, ọ naghị esi n'ala pụọ kama ọ na-anọgide ma na-aga n'ihu na-enye osisi nri ma na-eme ka ala dịkwuo mma. Guano bara ọgaranya na nje ndị na-agwọ ọrịa nke na-enyere aka ịsacha nsí na-abụghị nke okike site n'ala nke nwere ike igbochi uto osisi ma kpatara ire ure ngwa ngwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GUANO: BATS' GIFT to GARDENERS|url=https://www.batcon.org/article/guano-bats-gift-to-gardeners/|accessdate=2021-12-02|work=Bat Conservation International|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120111505/https://www.batcon.org/article/guano-bats-gift-to-gardeners/}}</ref>

Mmanụ aṅụ, nke sitere n'aka ụmụ mmadụ nakwa ụmụ anụmanụ, bụ fatịlaịza: urea dị na mamịrị bụ nitrogen compound, mamịrị nwekwara phosphorus na potassium.<ref name="ScienceDaily-2021">{{Cite web|title=Urine fertilizer: 'Aging' effectively protects against transfer of antibiotic resistance|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200122080500.htm|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=ScienceDaily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-22|title=Yes wee can: study gives green light to use urine as crop fertiliser|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/jan/22/study-gives-green-light-to-use-of-urine-as-crop-fertiliser|accessdate=2021-01-01|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-13|title=Can Human Urine Replace Chemical Fertilizers?|url=https://modernfarmer.com/2014/01/human-pee-proven-fertilizer-future/|accessdate=2021-05-16|work=Modern Farmer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Sally|date=2017-01-16|title=Pee for Plants|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pee-for-plants_b_14204270|accessdate=2021-05-16|work=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> Mkpụrụ obi mmadụ na-enwekarị nitrogen okpukpu atọ karịa potassium, na ihe karịrị okpukpu iri abụọ karịa nitrogen karịa phosphorus.<ref name="UCSF-Health-2021">{{Cite web|title=Potassium - Urine|url=https://www.ucsfhealth.org/Medical%20Tests/003600|accessdate=2021-05-16|work=ucsfhealth.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Phosphate in Urine|url=https://myhealth.alberta.ca:443/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw202342|accessdate=2021-05-16|work=myhealth.alberta.ca|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ potassium dị na mamịrị na-agbanwe agbanwe, ma dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ potassius dị na nri mmadụ.<ref name="UCSF-Health-2021" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mente|first=Andrew|date=April 2009|title=Urinary potassium is a clinically useful test to detect a poor quality diet|journal=The Journal of Nutrition|volume=139|issue=4|pages=743–749|doi=10.3945/jn.108.098319|issn=1541-6100|pmid=19211830}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji mamịrị anụmanụ, dị ka nke ehi na ezì, eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ọhịa ndị ọrụ ugbo, mamịrị mmadụ na-abụghị dịka akụkụ nke nsị nsị anaghị ekwe ka ejiri ya mee ihe na ọrụ ugbo ọ bụla.  Otú ọ dị, e nwere nnyocha na-aga n'ihu nke gosipụtara na ịka nká mamịrị n'ime akpa mechiri emechi maka ọnwa 12-16 na-ewepụ 99% nke nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ, n'ihi mmụba nke urea na ya mere pH.<ref name="ScienceDaily-2021" />

Ihe ndị e si n'anụmanụ nweta. Mgbe a na-egbu anụ ọ bụla, naanị ihe dị ka 40% ruo 60% nke anụmanụ dị ndụ ka a na-agbanwe [[Ibu ejiji|ngwaahịa ahịa]], ebe 40% ruo 60% fọdụrụnụ bụ ihe ndị a na-emepụta. Ihe ndị a sitere na igbu anụmanụ, nke a na-adịghị eri eri - ọbara, ọkpụkpụ, ábụ́bà, akpụkpọ anụ, ụkwụ, mpi, - nwere ike ime ka ha bụrụ fatịlaịza ọrụ ugbo gụnyere [[nri ọbara]], [[nri ọkpụkpụ]] nri azụ, na nri ábụ́tụ̀bà.
[[Usòrò:HomeComposting_Roubaix_Fr59.JPG|thumb|Compost bin maka obere mmepụta nke fatịlaịza]]
 
Nri ndị a na-emepụta na-agụnye compost, nsị mmiri, humic acid, nri ọka, amino acid, na ihe ndị a na'ime mmiri. Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ bụ protein enzyme na-agbari. Ịrebi [[ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụnụ]] (nri na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ) site n'afọ ndị gara aga bụ isi iyi ọzọ nke ọmụmụ.

Compost na-enye obere ihe na-edozi ahụ na osisi, mana ọ na-enye ala nkwụsi ike site na ịbawanye ihe ndị dị ndụ. Compost na-enyere microorganisms aka ịmụba nke na-emebi ihe ọkụkụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-edozi ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ iji mee ka ọ dị mfe.<ref name="Dummies-2021">{{Cite web|title=Plant-Based Fertilizers for Organic Gardens|url=https://www.dummies.com/home-garden/gardening/organic-gardening/plant-based-fertilizers-for-organic-gardens/|accessdate=2021-04-10|work=dummies|language=en}}</ref> Compost adịghị mkpa ka ọ bụrụ nke sitere na osisi zuru oke: a na-ejikarị ngwakọta nke ihe mkpofu osisi jupụtara na carbon na ihe mkpofu anụmanụ jupụtara na nitrogen gụnyere nsị mmadụ dị ka ụzọ isi wepụ pathogens na ísì site na nke ikpeazụ.<ref name="Graves">{{Cite web|author=Robert|first=Graves|date=February 2000|title=Composting|url=https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ftpref/wntsc/AWM/neh637c2.pdf|work=Environmental Engineering National Engineering Handbook|pages=2–22|accessdate=19 October 2020|archivedate=15 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115060905/https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ftpref/wntsc/AWM/neh637c2.pdf}}</ref>

Enwere ike iji ọka gluten, alfalfa, cottonseed, ma ọ bụ soybean mee nri ọka.Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-enye nitrogen na potassium, mana nri soybean na-enye nitrogenium na phosphorus.<ref name="Dummies-2021"/>Mgbe ha gbasara na mbụ, ha nwere ike ịkpata mmụba nke ammonia n'ime ala ma kpọọ mkpụrụ ọkụ, a na-atụ aro iji ha mee ihe mgbe osisi ndị a mepụtara, iji hụ na ihe ọkụkụ na-aga nke ọma.

Nnyocha ARS ndị ọzọ achọpụtala na algae eji ejide nitrogen na phosphorus runoff site na ubi ugbo nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị igbochi mmetọ mmiri nke ihe ndị a na-edozi ahụ, kamakwa enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka fatịlaịza. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ARS mepụtara "algal turf scrubber" iji belata nsị nri na-edozi ahụ ma mee ka mmiri na-asọba n'iyi, osimiri, na ọdọ mmiri dị mma. Ha chọpụtara na algae a jupụtara na nri, ozugbo a kpọrọ nkụ, nwere ike itinye ya na cucumber na mkpụrụ ọka ma mee ka uto yiri nke a hụrụ site na iji fatịlaịza eme ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/may10/algae0510.htm|title=Algae: A Mean, Green Cleaning Machine|publisher=USDA Agricultural Research Service|date=7 May 2010}}</ref>

Ash nke a na-emepụta site na ọkụ osisi bụkwa fatịlaịza K dị mkpa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ucanr.org/sites/nm/files/76654.pdf|title=Managing Potassium for Organic Crop Production|publisher=CO State Extension}}</ref>

==== Peat ====
Peat, ma ọ bụ turf, bụ ihe ọkụkụ nke na-ere ure. Ọ bụ isi iyi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ.Ala nwere ọkwa dị elu nke ihe ndị dị ndụ anaghị adịkarị mkpakọ, nke na-eme ka ikuku ala na mmiri na-agbapụta, yana inye aka n'ịkwado ahụike microbial.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Saito|first=B.|date=2014|title=Alkaline extraction of humic substances from peat applied to organic-mineral fertilizer production|journal=Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering|volume=31|issue=3|pages=675–682|doi=10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00002512|issn=0104-6632}}</ref><ref name="BCRC-2021"/> A na-ekwu mgbe ụfọdụ na ọ bụ fatịlaịza a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ mmezigharị kachasị elu.

=== Ihe mkpofu mmadụ ===
 
[[Mmiri mkpofu|Mmiri nsị]], nke a makwaara dị ka Biosolids, bụ mmiri nsị nke a gwọrọ, gwakọta, gwakọọ, na mgbe ụfọdụ ka a kpọọ ya ruo mgbe a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe dị mma. Dị ka fatịlaịza, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-abụghị nke ọrụ ugbo dịka na silviculture ma ọ bụ na mmezi ala. Ojiji nke bio-solids na mmepụta ugbo abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị, na National Organic Program nke USDA (NOP) ekpebiela na a naghị ekwe ka biosolids na-emepụta nri na US; ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ (ma e jiri ya tụnyere mineral), sludge bụ ihe a na'ihi mkpokọta ọla na-egbu egbu, ọgwụ, homonụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/torg.html|title=Organic Farming &#124; Agriculture &#124; US EPA|publisher=Epa.gov|accessdate=2012-01-09}}</ref>

N'inwe nchegbu banyere pathogens a na-ebute n'ahụ mmadụ tinyere mmasị na-arịwanye elu maka ụlọ mposi na ọgwụgwọ nsị dị n'etiti, biosolids anọwo na-anọchi ala abalị (site na nsị mmadụ), fatịlaịza ọdịnala nke a na-edozi nke ọma.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup>
[[Usòrò:Hestemøj.jpg|thumb|Nri anụmanụ na-emebi emebi bụ isi iyi fatịlaịza]]

== Ntinye aka n'ọrụ ugbo ==
In non-[[Ọrụ ugbo na-emepụta ihe|organic farming]], a compromise between the use of artificial and organic fertilizers is common{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}}, often using inorganic fertilizers supplemented with the application of organics that are readily available such as the return of crop residues or the application of manure.

A na-akụkwa ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpuchi iji mee ka ala dị ka nsị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ site na nitrogen fixation site na ikuku;  yana phosphorus (site na mmegharị nke ihe oriri)  ọdịnaya nke ala.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pagerender.fcgi?artid=373994&pageindex=6#page|title=Isolation and Study of Cultures of Chinese Vetch Nodule Bacteria|date=2011-10-03|accessdate=2012-01-09|pmid=16560855|volume=48|journal=J Bacteriol|pages=483–9|author=Gaw|first=HZ|issue=4|doi=10.1128/JB.48.4.483-489.1944}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XO3pio5Opy8C&q=phosphorus+addition+fava+bean&pg=PA564|title=Biological approaches to sustainable soil systems|isbn=9781420017113|accessdate=2012-01-09|author=Uphoff|first=Norman|date=3 March 2006|publisher=CRC Press}}</ref>

Osisi fatịlaịza na-enyere aka n'ọrụ ugbo site n'iweta ihe oriri site na omimi nke ala, yana site n'inyere aka n'ịchịkwa ojiji nke mmiri.<ref name="agroforestry">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldagroforestry.org/newsroom/highlights/surviving-drought-through-agroforestry|title=Surviving drought through agroforestry|publisher=World Agroforestry Centre|date=August 31, 2011|accessdate=August 29, 2012|author=Langford, Kate|archivedate=October 16, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016041535/http://worldagroforestry.org/newsroom/highlights/surviving-drought-through-agroforestry}}</ref>

A na-akụkwa ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ Osisi fatịlaịza iji mee ka ala dị ka nsị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ site na Njikọ nitrogen site na ikuku;  yana phosphorus (site na mmegharị nri)  nke ala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pagerender.fcgi?artid=373994&pageindex=6#page|title=Isolation and Study of Cultures of Chinese Vetch Nodule Bacteria|publisher=Pubmedcentral.nih.gov|date=6 July 2010|accessdate=25 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XO3pio5Opy8C&q=phosphorus+addition+fava+bean&pg=PA564|title=Biological approaches to sustainable ...|accessdate=25 August 2010|isbn=978-1-57444-583-1|year=2006|author=Uphoff|first=Norman Thomas|publisher=CRC Press}}</ref>

== Ntụnyere ==

=== Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu ===
N'ozuzu, ihe na-edozi ahụ n'ime fatịlaịza maka ubi na-agbanyewanye ma na-adịchaghị mfe maka osisi. Otú ọ dị, enwere ike ịchọ nke a dị ka ụdị fatịlaịza na-ewepụta ngwa ngwa nke nwere nitrogen na-adịghị agwakọta. Site na ọdịdị ha, fatịlaịza ndị dị n'ime ala na-abawanye usoro nchekwa nri anụ ahụ na nke anụ ahụ n'ala, na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke imebiga nri ókè. Ihe na-edozi ahụ nke organic fatịlaịza, solubility, na ọnụego ntọhapụ nke nutritient na-adịkarị ala karịa mineral (inorganic) fatịlaịtị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=644_20|title=Acta Horticulturae|publisher=Actahort.org|accessdate=2012-01-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/soils/organic.html|title=AZ Master Gardener Manual: Organic Fetilizers|publisher=Ag.arizona.edu|accessdate=2012-01-09}}</ref>Nnyocha nke Mahadum nke North Carolina chọpụtara na nitrogen nwere ike mineralizable (PMN) n'ime ala dị 182-285% karịa na usoro mulched karịa na njikwa synthetics.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TC7-4GDBRNX-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=1e3f29ab6806e11cc63cd648dcb5a13d|title=Soil microbial biomass and activity in organic tomato farming systems: Effects of organic inputs and straw mulching|doi=10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.05.002|accessdate=2012-01-09|volume=38|journal=Soil Biology and Biochemistry|year=2006|pages=247–255|author=Tu|first=Cong|issue=2}}</ref>

E nwere fatịlaịza 'na-ewepụta ngwa ngwa' nke nwere ihe ize ndụ nke Ọkụ fatịlaịza. Ihe ndị a gụnyere nsị anụmanụ na-enweghị ntụpọ, emulsion azụ, nri ọbara, na mamịrị. Composting na-agbanwe nitrogen na isi mmalite ndị a n'ụdị ndị ọzọ kwụsiri ike (na ụfọdụ mfu). <ref name="Fitzgerald2009">{{Cite web|author=Fitzgerald|first=T.|title=Organic fertilizers|url=http://spokane-county.wsu.edu/spokane/eastside/Fact%20Sheets/C180%20Organic%20Fertilizers%2009.pdf|work=spokane-county.wsu.edu|publisher=Washington State University|accessdate=16 July 2014|year=2009|archivedate=16 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916215629/http://www.spokane-county.wsu.edu/spokane/eastside/Fact%20Sheets/C180%20Organic%20Fertilizers%2009.pdf}}</ref>

=== Ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ala ===
A maara fatịlaịza ndị sitere n'okike ka ha melite ụdị dị iche iche (ndụ ala) na mmepụta ala ogologo oge,   ma nwee ike igosi nnukwu ebe nchekwa maka carbon dioxide karịrị akarị.   <ref name="Activity and Composition of the Denitrifying Bacterial Community Respond Differently to Long-Term Fertilization">{{Cite journal|author=Enwall|first=Karin|date=December 2005|title=Activity and Composition of the Denitrifying Bacterial Community Respond Differently to Long-Term Fertilization|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=71|issue=2|pages=8335–8343|url=http://aem.highwire.org/cgi/content/abstract/71/12/8335|accessdate=1 February 2010|pmid=16332820|doi=10.1128/AEM.71.12.8335-8343.2005}}</ref><ref name="Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: Implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity">{{Cite journal|author=Birkhofera|first=Klaus|date=September 2008|title=Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: Implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity|journal=Soil Biology and Biochemistry|volume=40|issue=9|pages=2297–2308|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TC7-4SR67X8-1&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2008&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1189586172&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=835b56d01da86058b98352b95f68d2d8|accessdate=1 February 2010|doi=10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007}}</ref><ref name="Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security">{{Cite journal|author=Lal|first=R.|title=Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sci;304/5677/1623|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|pmid=15192216|doi=10.1126/science.1097396|year=2004|volume=304|issue=5677|pages=1623–7}}</ref><ref name="Organic farming switch quadruples soil CO2 storage capacity">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/280491/change_farming_to_cut_co2_emissions_by_25_per_cent.html|title=Change farming to cut CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 25 per cent|author=Rees|first=Eifion|date=3 July 2009|publisher=The Ecologist|accessdate=2 February 2010}}</ref>

Ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na-eme ka ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị n'ala site n'inye ihe na micronutrients maka mmekọrịta dị ka mycorrhiza fungal,  (nke na-enyere osisi aka ịmị ihe oriri), ma nwee ike belata ihe ndị na-edochi ahụ n'èzí, ike na fatịlaịza, na ọnụahịa nke obere mkpụrụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Environmental, Energetic, and Economic Comparisons of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems|author=PIMENTEL|first=David|date=July 2005|volume=55|journal=BioScience|issue=7|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0573:EEAECO]2.0.CO;2|issn=0006-3568}}</ref><ref name="Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming">{{Cite journal|author=Mäder|first=Paul|date=31 May 2002|title=Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming|journal=Science|volume=296|issue=5573|pages=1694–1697|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/296/5573/1694|accessdate=1 February 2010|pmid=12040197|doi=10.1126/science.1071148}}</ref>

=== Ịdị n'otu ===
fatịlaịza sitere na ihe ndị mejupụtara na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịdịgasị iche site n'otu batrị gaa na nke ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.msuorganicfarm.com/Compost.pdf|title=Crazy about Compost|accessdate=25 August 2010}}</ref> Enweghị nnwale nke ụyọkọ, enweghị ike ịmata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe na-edozi ahụ. Ka o sina dị, otu ma ọ bụ karịa nnyocha egosiwo na ha dịkarịa ala dị ka fatịlaịza kemịkal n'oge ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=TRD&recid=0002290EN&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csa.com%2Fpartners%2Fviewrecord.php%3Frequester%3Dgs%26collection%3DTRD%26recid%3D0002290EN&uid=789131166&setcookie=yes|title=CSA|publisher=Md1.csa.com|accessdate=25 August 2010}}</ref>

== Hụkwa ==
 

== Hụkwa ==

* Nri ahịhịa mmiri
* [[Mkpụrụ osisi na-eme ka ihe ndị dị ndụ]]
* Ihe ngwọta mmiri
* Iji ihe nsị eme ihe ọzọ

== Ebem si dee ==

[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]