Oké ọhịa ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na ndị na-adịghị n'ebe okpomọkụ

Oké ọhịa na-ekpo ọkụ na nke na-ekwo ekwo ọkụ (TSMF), nke a makwaara dị ka oké ọhịa na-akwo ọkụ, bụ ụdị ebe obibi nke oké ọhịa na nke na'ebe okpomọkụ nke World Wide Fund for Nature kọwara.

Nkọwa

A na-ahụkarị TSMF na nnukwu, patches na-adịghị aga n'ihu nke dị n'etiti belt equatorial na n'etiti Tropic of Cancer na Tropic of Capricorn, a -akọwa TSMF site na obere mgbanwe na okpomọkụ kwa afọ na oke mmiri ozuzo nke ihe karịrị 200 cm (79 n'ime) kwa afọ. Ihe mejupụtara ọhịa bụ ụdị osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke na-acha ọkara. Osisi ndị a dị ọtụtụ puku ma na-enye aka na ọkwa kachasị elu nke ụdị dị iche iche na ụdị ebe obibi ọ bụla dị n'ala. N'ozuzu, ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche kachasị elu n'ọhịa. Enwere ike kewaa okpokoro ahụ n'ime okpukpu ise: okpokoro okpokoro nwere okpueze na-apụta, okpokoro dị n'etiti, okpokọta ala, ọkwa osisi, na n'ikpeazụ understory.^[1]

Oké ọhịa ndị a bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ ụdị karịa usoro okike ọ bụla ọzọ: Ọkara nke ụdị ụwa nwere ike ibi n'oké ọhịa ndị a, ebe square kilomita nwere ike ịbụ ebe obibi nke ihe karịrị 1,000 ụdị osisi. A na-ahụ oké ọhịa ndị a gburugburu ụwa, ọkachasị na Indo-Malayan Archipelago, Amazon Basin, na mba African Congo Basin.

Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, nke na-ekpuchi mmiri na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi ndị a na-amịpụta ihe karịa gburugburu ebe obibi ọ bụla ọzọ dị n'ụwa ma na-akwalite uto osisi na-agbawa agbawa.^[2] Osisi ebe a nwere ike itolite karịa 23 m (75 ) n'ịdị elu n'ime naanị afọ ise (5). Site n'elu, oké ọhịa ahụ na-apụta dị ka oké osimiri na-enweghị njedebe nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nke osisi "na-apụta" na-agbaji naanị mgbe ụfọdụ. Ihe ndị a dị elu bụ ala nke hornbills, toucans, na harpy eagle.

Okpokoro ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ anụmanụ ọhịa ahụ, gụnyere apụl na enwe. N'okpuru okpokoro, ala dị ala na-elekọta agwọ na nnukwu nwamba. Ala ọhịa, nke na-enweghị ihe ọkụkụ n'okpuru n'ihi nnukwu okpokoro dị n'elu, bụ nke anụmanụ ndị ọzọ dị ka gorillas na mgbada na-agbagharị.

Ọnọdụ niile nke oké ọhịa ndị a nwere ụdị dị iche iche na-enweghị atụ nke ụdị anụmanụ na-enweghị azụ, gụnyere ụmụ ahụhụ New Guinea na urukurubụba nke nwere ike ito ihe karịrị 30 cm (1 ) n'ogologo.

A na-egbutu ọtụtụ oké ọhịa maka ala ugbo, ebe ndị ọzọ na-anọ n'okpuru nnukwu osisi azụmahịa. A na-ebibi mpaghara dị ka mba Ireland n'afọ ole na ole ọ bụla.

Ụdị

Biome gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị ọhịa:

Oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nke a maara dị ka oké ọhịa mmiri ozu nke okpomọkụ, bụ oké ọhịa na-enweta nnukwu mmiri ozuzo (oge okpomọkụ nke okpompe nwere ihe karịrị 2000 mm, ma ọ bụ 80 sentimita, kwa afọ) n'afọ niile. Oké ọhịa ndị a na-apụta na gburugburu equator, na mpaghara kachasị ukwuu na mpaghara Amazon nke mba South America, mpaghara Congo nke etiti Africa, Wet Tropics nke Queensland na Australia na akụkụ nke Malay Archipelago. Ihe dị ka ọkara nke oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke ụwa dị na mba ndị dị na South America nke mba Brazil na Peru. Oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo ugbu a kpuchiri ihe na-erughị pasentị isii (6%) nke ala ụwa. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eme atụmatụ na ihe karịrị ọkara nke ụdị osisi na anụmanụ niile dị n'ụwa bi n'oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo.
Oké ọhịa oge okpomọkụ, nke a makwaara dị ka mmiri na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, monsoon ma ọ bụ ọkara-akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (mgwakọta) oké ọhịa oge, nwere ihu igwe mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ mmiri ozuzo savannah (dị ka ọ dị na nhazi ihu igwe Köppen): na-enweta nnukwu mmiri ozuzo n'ozuzu ya na oge okpomike na (mgbe) oge oyi na-ekpo ọkụ. Ụfọdụ osisi ndị dị n'oké ọhịa ndị a na-atụfu ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ha niile n'oge ọkọchị. A na-ahụ oké ọhịa ndị a na mba South Florida, akụkụ nke mba South America, na Central America na gburugburu Caribbean, n'ụsọ oké osimiri West Africa, akụkụ nke mpaghara India, Northern Australia na gafee ọtụtụ Indochina.^[3]
A na-ahụ oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke Montane n'ebe ugwu ndị dị jụụ. Ndị nwere elu dị elu iji zute ihu igwe ojii dị ala mgbe niile ka a maara dị ka oké ọhịa igwe ojii.
Oké ọhịa jupụtara na mmiri, gụnyere oké ọhịa mmiri na-atọ ụtọ na oké ọhịa peat.
Manigua bụ oké ọhịa dị ala, nke a na-apụghị ịgafe agafe nke osisi na obere osisi. A na-ahụkarị ya n'ebe marshy kamakwa n'ala kpọrọ nkụ n'ebe ụfọdụ. A na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe na mba Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico nakwa na mbaColombia.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Mpaghara ndị a ma ama

Ọtụtụ mpaghara TSMF bụ ndị a ma ama maka ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na endemism:

Hụkwa

Oké ọhịa kpọrọ nkụ nke okpomọkụ
Oké ọhịa ndị nwere osisi coniferous
Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS)
International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO)
Ndepụta nke okpomọkụ na subtropical mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpuchi okpomọkụ
Otu ihe
Osisi nke ụwa
Ahịhịa ndị dị n'ebe okpomọkụ
Oké ọhịa ígwé ojii

Ebensidee

↑ Webb (1 Oct 1959). "A Physiognomic Classification of Australian Rain Forests". Journal of Ecology 47 (3): 551–570. DOI:10.2307/2257290.
↑ Basic Biology (2016). Forest.
↑ Stanton, J.P. (2005). The rainforests of Cape York Peninsula. Rainforest CRC.
↑ Pichardo, Esteban. Diccionario provincial casi-razonado de vozes cubanas 3d ed. Havana 1861 p. 172
↑ Cámara Artigas, Rafael; Martínez Batlle, José Ramón; Díaz del Olmo, Fernando. Desarrollo sostenible y medio ambiente en República Dominicana: Medios naturales, manejo histórico, conservación y protección. Sevilla 2012. ISBN 84-00-08392-X, p. 169.
↑ Hernández Aquino, Luis (1993). Diccionario de voces indígenas de Puerto Rico. p. 330.

Eziokwu banyere oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke ụwa site na The Nature Conservancy
Foto NASA nke osisi nke ụwa n'afọ 2002
Vidio BBC na nkọwa nke ụdị ndị a hụrụ ebe a

[Webb-1] Webb (1 Oct 1959). "A Physiognomic Classification of Australian Rain Forests". Journal of Ecology 47 (3): 551–570. DOI:10.2307/2257290.

[2] Basic Biology (2016). Forest.

[3] Stanton, J.P. (2005). The rainforests of Cape York Peninsula. Rainforest CRC.

[4] Pichardo, Esteban. Diccionario provincial casi-razonado de vozes cubanas 3d ed. Havana 1861 p. 172

[5] Cámara Artigas, Rafael; Martínez Batlle, José Ramón; Díaz del Olmo, Fernando. Desarrollo sostenible y medio ambiente en República Dominicana: Medios naturales, manejo histórico, conservación y protección. Sevilla 2012. ISBN 84-00-08392-X, p. 169.

[6] Hernández Aquino, Luis (1993). Diccionario de voces indígenas de Puerto Rico. p. 330.

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