Paul Painlevé

Paul Painlevé ( [pɔl pɛ̃ləve]; ụbọchị ịse n'onwa Disemba afọ 1863 ruo ubochi iri abụo na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1933) bụ ónyé France na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ na ónyé ọchịchị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ugboro abụọ dị ka Praịm Minista nke mba nke atọ: ụbọchị iri na abuo n'ọnwa Septemba ruo ụbọchị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba 1917 na 17 Eprel - 22 Nọvember 1925. Ọ banyere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'afọ 1906 mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Sorbonne nke malitere n'afọ 1892.

Ógè mbụ ya dị ka praịm minista wéré naanị izu itoolu mànà o lekwasịrị anya na nsogbu ndị dị arọ, dị ka Russian Revolution, ịbanye America n'agha, ọdịda nke Nivelle Offensive, na-eme ka ndị agha French Mutinies na mmekọrịta ya na ndị Britain. N'afọ 1920 dị ka Minista nke Agha ọ bụ ónyé dị mkpa n'iwu Maginot Line. ^[1] ^[2]'oge nke abụọ ya dị ka praịm minista, o lekwasịrị anya na ntiwapụ nke nnupụisi na Jabal Druze nke Siria n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1925 nke kpaliri nchegbu ọha na eze na ndị omeiwu banyere nsogbu nke alaeze ukwu France. [1]

Akụkọ ndụ

Oge ọ malitere

A mụrụ Painlevé na Paris. A zụlitere ya n'ime ezinụlọ ndị omenkà nwèrè nkà (nna ya bụ onye na-ese ihe) Painlevé gosipụtara nkwa n'oge na-adịghị anya n'ofe ọmụmụ elementrị ma bụrụ ónyé injinia ma ọ bụ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dọtara mmasị ya na mbụ. Otú ọ dị, o mechara banye na École Normale Supérieure n'afọ 1883 iji mụọ mgbakọ na mwepụ, nweta nzèrè doctorate ya n'afọ 1887 mgbè ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Göttingen, Germany na Felix Klein na Hermann Amandus Schwarz. N'ịchọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na Mahadum nke Lille, laghachi Paris n'afọ 1892 iji kụzie na Sorbonne, École Polytechnique na mgbè e mesịrị na Collège de France na École Normale Supérieure. ^[3] họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ónyé otu Académie des Sciences na 1900.

Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mbụ

N'agbata afọ 1915 na afọ 1917, Painlevé jere ozi dị ka Minista France màkà ntụziaka ọha na eze na ihe ndị e mepụtara. Disemba afọ 1915, ọ rịọrọ nkwekọrịta mgbanwe sayensị n'etiti France na Britain, nke méré ka njikọ aka Anglo-French nke mechara duga na mmepe nke Paul Langevin na France na Robert Boyle na Britain nke sonar mbụ na-arụ ọrụ.

Oge mbụ dị ka praịm minista nke France

Painlevé were mmasị ụgbọ elu ya, tinyere ndị na-ahụ maka ụgbọ mmiri na ndị agha, ya na ya mgbè ọ ghọrọ, n'afọ 1906, ónyé nnọchi anya nke 5th arrondissement nke Paris, nke a na-akpọ Latin Quarter. ọ na-erule 1910, ọ hapụrụ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na Agha Ụwa Mbụ dugara n'ịrụsi ọrụ ike na kọmitii ndị agha, sonye na kọmiti Aristide Briand n'afọ 1915 dị ka Minista màkà ntụziaka ọha na eze na ihe ndị e mepụtara.

Painlevé bụ ónyé isi olu na Nzukọ Rapallo nke dugara n'ịmepụta Kansụl Kasị Elu nke Allied, otu ndụmọdụ nke ike ndị Allied nke na-atụ anya na iwu ndị Allied jikọtara ọnụ mechara guzobe n'afọ na-esote. Ọ họpụtara Ferdinand Foch dị ka onye nnọchi anya France ébé ọ maara na ọ bụ ónyé isi ndị agha jikọrọ aka. Mgbè Painlevé laghachiri Paris, e meriri ya ma gbaa arụkwaghịm n'ubochi iri na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1917 ka Georges Clemenceau nọchie ya. ^[4] mechara kpọọ Foch Allied Generalissimo na Machị 1918, o mechara bụrụ onye isi ndị agha niile jikọrọ aka n'ihu ọdịda anyanwụ na nke Ịtali. ^[5]

Nsọpụrụ

A họpụtara Painlevé ka ọ bụrụ onye otu mba ụwa nke American Philosophical Society na 1918. ^[6]
^[7] gụrụ ụgbọelu Painlevé aha iji sọpụrụ ya.
^[8] gụrụ asteroid 953 Painleva aha iji sọpụrụ ya.
A na-akpọ Laboratoire Paul Painlevé (fr), ụlọ nyocha mgbakọ na mwepụ nke France, iji sọpụrụ ya.
Maurice Ravel raara nke abụọ n'ime Abụ Atọ ya nye ya na 1915.

Ọrụ

Na ahịrị pụrụ iche nke ọrụ nyocha - 1887/Na ahịrị pụrụ ọnụ nke ọrụ nyocha.
Ihe ncheta banyere usoro ọdịiche nke mbụ - 1892/Memory on first order differential equations.
Ihe nkuzi banyere echiche nyocha nke nhazi ọdịiche, A. Hermann (Paris), 1897/A course on analytic theory of differential equations.
Ihe nkuzi banyere ọrụ nke ezigbo mgbanwe na mmepe n'usoro polynomies - 1905/A ọsọ na ezigbo mgbanwe ọrụ na usoro mmepe polynomial.
Cours de mécanique et machines (Paris), 1907/A course on mechanics and machines.
Cours de mécanique et machines 2 (Paris), 1908/A course on mechanics and machines 2.
Ihe nkuzi banyere ọrụ akọwapụtara site na nhazi ọdịiche nke usoro mbụ, Gauthier-Villars (Paris), 1908/A course on functions defined by first order differential equations.
'Ụgbọelu', Lille, 1909/ Ụgbọelu.
Cours de mécanique et machines (Paris), 1909/A course on mechanics and machines.
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
Les axiomes de la mécanique, nyocha nkenke; Rịba ama gbasara mgbasa nke ìhè - 1922/Axioms nke Mechanics, ọmụmụ nkenke: Rịba anya gbasara ìhè.
Ihe nkuzi banyere echiche nyocha nke nhazi ọdịiche, Hermann, Paris, 1897/A course on analytical theory of differential equations.
Ihe ncheta atọ nke Painlevé na relativity (1921-1922) / Ihe ncheta ise nke Painleve na relativity.

Hụkwa

Ndepụta nke ndị mmadụ n'ihu Time Magazine: 1920s

Edensibia

↑ Smart, Nick (1996). "The Maginot Line: An Indestructible Inheritance". International Journal of Heritage Studies 2 (4): 222–233. DOI:10.1080/13527259608722177.
↑ Thomas, Martin (2005). "Albert Sarraut, French Colonial Development, and the Communist Threat, 1919–1930". Journal of Modern History 77 (4): 917–955. DOI:10.1086/499830.
↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named mactutor
↑ Keegan (2003). The First World War. UK: Random House. ISBN 0-7126-8040-3.
↑ "Paul Painlevé" in Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ APS Member History. search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved on 2023-10-04.
↑ Polmar, Norman (2006). Aircraft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation and Its Influence on World Events. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, Inc.. ISBN 978-1-57488-664-1.
↑ Schmadel (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

[1] Smart, Nick (1996). "The Maginot Line: An Indestructible Inheritance". International Journal of Heritage Studies 2 (4): 222–233. DOI:10.1080/13527259608722177.

[2] Thomas, Martin (2005). "Albert Sarraut, French Colonial Development, and the Communist Threat, 1919–1930". Journal of Modern History 77 (4): 917–955. DOI:10.1086/499830.

[mactutor-3] Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named mactutor

[4] Keegan (2003). The First World War. UK: Random House. ISBN 0-7126-8040-3.

[britannica1-5] "Paul Painlevé" in Encyclopædia Britannica

[6] APS Member History. search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved on 2023-10-04.

[PolmarGenda2006-7] Polmar, Norman (2006). Aircraft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation and Its Influence on World Events. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, Inc.. ISBN 978-1-57488-664-1.

[8] Schmadel (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

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