Jump to content

Óbá

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Osisi e ji osisi ndị kwụ ọtọ mee bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mmalite New England. Agba ọdịnala bụ nsonaazụ nke iron oxide stain etinye iji chebe osisi ahụ pụọ na mmebi UV.
E ji Texas Technological College Dairy Barn dị na Lubbock, Texas, U.S., mee ihe dị ka ụlọ nkuzi ruo 1967.
Ụmụ nwanyị Russia na-eji ígwè ọrụ na-eji aka eme ihe n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe. Rịba ama na bọọdụ gafere ọnụ ụzọ iji gbochie ọka ịpụ n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, nke a bụ mmalite nke okwu ọnụ ụzọ.[1] Ihe osise sitere na 1894 site na Klavdy Lebedev kpọrọ ala ma ọ bụ ala ịcha (Гумно).
Grange Barn, Coggeshall, England, bụbu akụkụ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk Cistercian nke Coggeshall. Dendrochronologically dated from 1237 to 1269, e weghachiri ya na 1980s site na Coggeshall Grange Barn Trust, Braintree District Council na Essex County Council.
Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na Switzerland. Àkwà mmiri ahụ (karịa ramp) n'ọnọdụ a na-enwekwa ebe obibi ụmụ anụmanụ.
Starke Round Barn na Red Cloud, Nebraska, nnukwu ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na mba ahụ.

Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe bụ ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na-abụkarị n'ugbo ma jiri ya mee ihe maka ebumnuche dị iche iche. Na North America, ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-ezo aka n'ihe owuwu ndị nwere anụ ụlọ, gụnyere ehi na ịnyịnya, yana ngwá ọrụ na nri, na ọka mgbe niile.[2] N'ihi ya, a na-ekwukarị okwu ahụ bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dịka ụlọ nkwakọrịta ụtaba, ụlọ nkwakọta mmiri ara ehi, ụlọ ehi, ụlọ nkwekọrịta atụrụ, ụlọ nkuku poteto. Na British Isles, a na-ejikarị okwu ahụ bụ barn eme ihe maka ihe nchekwa maka ọka na nri anụ, a na'etinye okwu ahụ bụ Byre ma ọ bụ shippon n'ebe obibi ehi, ebe a na-edebe ịnyịnya n'ụlọ ndị a maara dị ka ụlọ anụ ụlọ.[2][3] Otú ọ dị, n'ala Europe, ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-abụkarị akụkụ nke ihe owuwu ndị a maara dị ka byre-dwellings (ma ọ bụ ụlọ na akwụkwọ US). Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ụlọ nkwakọba ihe maka nchekwa ngwá ọrụ, dị ka ebe ọrụ kpuchiri, na maka ihe omume dịka ịkwachasị.

Okwu mmalite

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Okwu ahụ bụ barn sitere na Old English bere, maka ọka bali (ma ọ bụ ọka n'ozuzu), na aern, maka ebe nchekwa - ya mere, ụlọ nkwakọba ọka bali. Okwu bere-ern-ern, nke a na-akpọkwa Bern na bearn, bụ ihe akaebe ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro iri isii na homilies na okwu ndị ọzọ nke Old English.[4] Okwu ndị yiri ya bere-tun na bere-flor pụtara ala ịcha. Bere-tun pụtakwara ụlọ nri; ntụgharị nkịtị nke bere-tun bụ "ogige ọka". Ọ bụ ezie na naanị ihe akaebe nke bere-hus (nke bụkwa granary) sitere na Dialogi nke Gregory Onye Ukwu, e nwere aha anọ a maara nke bere-tun na abụọ nke bere-flor. A Thesaurus nke Old English depụtara bere-ærn na melu-hudern ("ụlọ nkwakọba nri") dị ka otu okwu maka ụlọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa.[4][5][6]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọba ọgbara ọhụrụ bụ nke mepere emepe site n'ọba nke etiti etiti atọ aised, nke a na-akpọkarị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri ma ọ bụ ọba ndị mọnk. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, malitere n'ọdịnala ụlọ nke narị afọ nke 12, a na-etinyekwa ya n'ụlọ nzukọ na ụlọ ụka. Na narị afọ nke 15, a chọtara ọtụtụ puku nnukwu ọba ndị a n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe. Ka oge na-aga, a nakweere usoro ihe owuwu ya site na ugbo nkịtị ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gbasaa na ụlọ ndị dị mfe na ime obodo ndị ọzọ. Dị ka a na-achị, ụlọ a na-adọba ụgbọala nwere nnukwu ọnụ ụzọ mbata na ụzọ ụzọ maka ụgbọ ala ebujuru. A maara ala nchekwa dị n'etiti etiti etiti ma ọ bụ na aisles dị ka bays ma ọ bụ mows (nke sitere na Middle French moye). [7]

Ụdị ndị bụ isi bụ nnukwu ọba ndị nwere akụkụ akụkụ, ụlọ kọmpat nwere ọnụ ụzọ etiti yana obere ọba nwere ụzọ ntụgharị. Nke ikpeazụ gbasakwara n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe. Mgbe ọ bụla a na-etinye mgbidi nkume, osisi ndị a na-adọba ụgbọala na-enyekarị ohere maka ụlọ ndị nwere otu oghere. Ụdị pụrụ iche bụ ebe obibi, nke gụnyere ebe obibi, ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na ụlọ, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ugbo Frisia ma ọ bụ ụlọ Gulf na ụlọ Black Forest. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe nile sitere n'ọba etiti oge ochie. Ụdị ndị ọzọ sitere na ụlọ ogologo oge ochie ma ọ bụ omenala ụlọ ndị ọzọ. Otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ bụ ụlọ German dị ala, nke a na-echekwa ihe ubi n'ime ụlọ elu. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ọba ụlọ nke New World colonial sitere na ụlọ German dị ala, nke ndị ọgbọ mbụ si Netherlands na Germany gbanwere ghọọ ezigbo ụlọ..[8]

Ihe owuwu

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọkpụkpụ nke ogidi na ogidi ịnyịnya ozugbo e welitere ya
Thomas Ranck Round Barn na Fayette County, Indiana, U.S.

Na Yorkshire Dales, England, a na-ewu ọba ụlọ, nke a maara na mpaghara dị ka ụlọ ehi site na mgbidi nkume abụọ nwere truffs ma ọ bụ nkume ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mgbidi.  Na United States, a na-eji osisi ndị a kpụrụ n'osisi ndị dị n'ugbo wuo ụlọ ochie ma wuo ya dị ka ebe a na-adọba osisi ma ọ bụ osisi osisi, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewu ụlọ nkume mgbe ụfọdụ na ebe nkume bụ ihe eji ewu ụlọ dị ọnụ ala. N'etiti ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na usoro nhazi ụlọ nke United States malitere ịgbanwe site na ịkpụ osisi ọdịnala gaa na ụlọ "truss framed" ma ọ bụ "plank framed". Ọba ma ọ bụ plank gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ osisi kama iji osisi akụkụ maka rafters, joists, na mgbe ụfọdụ trusses. Njikọ ahụ malitere ịgbachi ma ọ bụ kpọtu nku kama ịracha ya na tee ya. Onye na-emepụta ihe na patentee nke Jennings Barn kwuru na atụmatụ ya na-eji obere osisi, obere ọrụ, obere oge, na ọnụ ahịa dị ntakịrị iji wuo ma dịgidere ma nyekwuo ohere maka nchekwa ahịhịa. Ịrụ ọrụ n'ugbo, akụrụngwa njem ka mma, na teknụzụ ọhụrụ dị ka ndụdụ hay a na-agbanye n'okporo ụzọ so kpata mkpa maka nnukwu ụlọ ndị mepere emepe, igwe osisi na-eji ike uzuoku eme ihe nwere ike imepụta obere osisi n'ụzọ dị ọnụ ala, na igwe ịkpụ mbọ dị obere. dị ọnụ karịa ntu ejiri aka mee (arụ ọrụ). A malitere iji ngọngọ ihe n'ọba na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 na U.S.[9]

Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke oge a bụ ụlọ ígwè. Site n'ihe dị ka 1900 ruo 1940, e wuru ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ nkwakọba mmiri ara ehi n'ebe ugwu USA. Ndị a na-enwekarị gambrel ma ọ bụ okpokoro iji bulie ogo nke hay loft n'elu okpokoro mmiri ara ehi, ma jikọta ya na onyinyo a ma ama nke ugbo mmiri ara ehi. Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị na belt ọka wit nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ịnyịnya na-adọkpụ dịka Clydesdales ma ọ bụ Percherons. Nnukwu ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndị a, ọkachasị mgbe ha jupụtara na ahịhịa,e nwere ike ime ka ọkụ dị egwu nke na-abụkarị ihe efu maka ndị ọrụ ugbo. Site na ọbịbịa nke balers ọ bịara nwee ike ichekwa ahịhịa na ahịhịhịa n'èzí n'ime ụyọkọ ndị a na-egbochi ọkụ gbara gburugburu. A na-ete ọtụtụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe n'ebe ugwu United States ágbá na-acha ọbara ọbara na-acha ọcha. Otu ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara nke a bụ na ferric oxide, nke a na-eji emepụta ágbá na-acha ọbara ọbara, bụ kemịkal dị ọnụ ala na nke kachasị mfe maka ndị ọrụ ugbo na New England na mpaghara ndị dị nso. Ihe ọzọ nwere ike ịbụ na ferric oxide na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-echekwa [10] ya mere iji ya na-ese ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ga-enyere aka ichebe ihe owuwu ahụ. Omenala nke ise ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-acha ọbara ọbara na-acha ọcha na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ebe na Scandinavia. Karịsịa na Sweden, Falu red na-acha ọcha bụ agba ọdịnala nke ọtụtụ ụlọ osisi.

Site na ewu ewu nke traktọ na-esote Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, e wepụrụ ọtụtụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ma ọ bụ jiri Ụlọ Quonset nke oge a mee ihe na plywood ma ọ bụ galvanized steel dochie ya. Ebe a na-azụ anụ ehi na ebe a na-ere mmiri ara ehi malitere iwu obere ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-enweghị ụlọ nke Quonset ma ọ bụ mgbidi ígwè na ogwe osisi a na-edozi edozi (ekwentị ochie ma ọ bụ ogwe ọkụ). Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1960, a chọpụtara na ehi na-enweta ebe mgbaba zuru oke site na osisi ma ọ bụ mgbidi ifufe (na-abụkarị osisi 20% na-emeghe).

Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nwere ihe owuwu dị iche iche

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  • Half-timbered barn with brick infill. Uetersen, Germany. This barn's proportions resemble a Low German house.
    Ọkara ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na brik jupụtara. Uetersen, Germany Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe a yiri ụlọ Low German.
  • Half-timbered with wattle-work walls for ventilation. Stryd Lydan Barn, originally at Llannerch Banna, Flintshire, North Wales. Re-erected at the St Fagans National History Museum, Cardiff, Wales in 1951.
    Ọkara osisi nwere mgbidi na-arụ ọrụ maka ikuku. Stryd Lydan Barn, nke malitere na Llannerch Banna, Flintshire, North Wales. E guzobeghachiri na St Fagans National History Museum,Cardiff, Wales na 1951.
  • Wattle work walls in a sheep barn in Ruurlo, Netherlands.
    Mgbidi ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ atụrụ naRuurlo, Netherlands.
  • Half-timbered barn walls with stone infill. Rödinghausen, Germany.
    Mgbidi ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke ọkara osisi na nkume jupụtara. Rödinghausen, Germany
  • A barn in Orajärvi village of Sodankylä, Lapland, Finland.
    Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị n'obodoOrajärvinkeSodankylä,Lapland, Finland.
  • Old hay barn at the end of Suitsu hiking trail at the Matsalu National Park in Pärnu County, Estonia.
    Ogige ahịhịa ochie na njedebe nke ụzọ njem Suitsu naOgige Ntụrụndụ Matsaluna Pärnu County, Estonia.
  • A barn (ovin) in the museum-estate of Surikov. Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
    Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe (nwa ehi) na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Surikov. Krasnoyarsk, Russia
  • A barn (ovin) from Vakhonkino village, Kaduysky raion, Vologda oblast, Russia. Vitoslavlitsy museum, Veliky Novgorod.
    Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe (nwa ehi) sitere na obodo Vakhonkino, Kaduysky raion, Vologda oblast, Russia. Ebe ngosi nka Vitoslavlitsy,Veliky Novgorod.
  • Half-timbered wall with wattle and daub infill. Some of the plaster coating survives. Rödinghausen, Germany.
    Mgbidi ọkara osisi nawattle na daubjupụtara na ya Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-eme ihe ndị e ji plaster mee ka dị. Rödinghausen, Germany
  • A rare half-timbered barn with board infill in Syke, Lower Saxony, Germany.
    Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke nwere ọkara osisi na-ejupụta na Syke,Lower Saxony, Germany.
  • Grange barn, Coggeshall, England. This is a studded barn so the wall sheathing must be applied horizontally and covered with a siding material, in this case clapboards (weatherboards).
    ụlọ nkwakọba ihe,Coggeshall, England. Nke a bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe e ji ihe mee ka a na-etinye fim ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche ma nke ya na ihe dị n'ụdị, na nke a clapboards (weatherboards).
  • A type of barn in Metylovice, Czech Republic with stone piers and an infill of horizontal timbers.
    Ụdị ụlọ nkwakọba ihe naMetylovice, Czech Republic nwere ogidi nkume na osisi ndị dị ike.
  • Board-on-board siding and half timber-framed barn in Olsztynek, north Poland
    osisi na ọkara osisi naOlsztynek, n'ebe ugwuPoland
  • Timber framed with the sheathing covered in clapboards. New Hampshire, U.S.A.
    Osisi e ji nkwado na clapboards.New Hampshire, USA
  • Rare walls of boards and thatch. Drenthe, Netherlands
    Mgbidi ndị a na-ahụ ahụkebe nke bọọdụ na-agụ.Drenthe, Netherlands
  • Gable end of a brick barn with ventilation holes built into the brickwork.
    Gable njedebe nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe brik oghere ikuku nke e wuru n'ime brik.
  • 19th-century fieldstone barn near Rockwood, Ontario, Canada.
    Ndị nkwakọba ihe nke mbụ awụ nke iri na adịghị nso na Rockwood, Ontario, Canada.
  • Limestone walls in the Oak Hall Historic District, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
    Mgbidi limestone na Oak Hall Historic District, Pennsylvania, USA
  • Stone barns are common in parts of the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, France, and some Mediterranean countries. The projecting stones (which are a type of wall tie) are a style in the Yorkshire Dales, England.
    Ndị ọkachamara nkwakọba ihe ahụ bụ ihe a na-ahụ n'ụdị United Kingdom, United States, Canada, France, na ụfọdụ mba Mediterenian. Nkume ndị na-ese ụkwụ (nke bụ ụdị eriri ike) bụ ụdị dị na Yorkshire Dales, England.
  • Abidiah Taylor Barn Chester County, Pennsylvania. Part of the Taylor-Cope Historic District. Built in either 1724 (date stone) or 1744 (wooden beam investigation), it is one of the oldest extant barns in the United States. Field stone walls.
    Abidiah Taylor Barn Chester County, Pennsylvania. akụkụ nke Taylor-Cope Historic District. E wuru ya na 1724 (nkume ụbọchị) ma ọ bụ 1744 (nyocha osisi), ọ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndekọ ochie dị na United States. Mgbidi nkume ubi.
  • The combination of brick quoins with flint walls is common in (mostly older) buildings in this area of the Chilterns, Oxfordshire, England.
    ngwaọrụ nke brik quins na ika flint bụ ihe a na-ama na ( izasịa ndị okenye) ụlọ na mpaghara nke Chilterns, Oxfordshire, England.
  • A rare wall material is Cob which is similar to adobe. Devon, England.
    Ihe a na-ahụ ahụkebe bụCobnke yiri adobe.Devon, England
  • Round log barn in the skansen (open-air museum) in Sanok, Poland
    Ogige nkwakọba ihe dị gburugburu na skansen (ebe enyo ihe mgbe ochie na-oge) naSanok, Poland
  • Hewn log barn painted red in Hedemora, Sweden.
    Ogige osisi a ágbá na-acha osisi naHedemora, Sweden.
  • No walls are a characteristic of what in the United Kingdom is called a Dutch barn.
    Enweghị ike bụ ihe e ji mara ihe a na-akpọ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe Dutch na United Kingdom.

Ojiji

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Okporo ụzọ hay mepụtara na mmalite narị afọ nke 19, ebe a na-egosi otu okpu hay (ogologo elu ụlọ) si kpuchie ụzọ ahụ. Mgbidi gable nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe a efuola.

N'ime ụlọ ochie nke North America, a na-eji ebe dị elu na-echekwa ahịhịa na mgbe ụfọdụ ọka. A na-akpọ nke a gbutu (ụda na ehi) ma ọ bụ ụlọ ahịhịa. Enwere ike imeghe ọnụ ụzọ buru ibu nke dị n'elu ọnụ ọnụ ụlọ ahụ ka e wee tinye ahihia n'ime ụlọ elu ahụ. A na-ebunye ahihia ahụ n'ọba ahụ site n'usoro nwere ihe ndọba ụgbọala na trolley bụ́ ndị na-aga n'okporo ụzọ dị n'akụkụ elu ụlọ ahụ. Ọnụ ụzọ ọnyà dị n'ala kwere ka a tụba nri anụmanụ n'ime ebe a na-achịkọta anụ ụlọ.

Na New England, ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ịchọta ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ejikọtara na isi ụlọ ọrụ ugbo (Ihe owuwu ugbo jikọtara), na-enye ohere ka a rụọ ọrụ n'ụlọ mgbe ị na-echebe onye ọrụ pụọ na ihu igwe.

N'etiti narị afọ nke iri abụọ, a na-eji okwu na-ese nnukwu elu ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na United States. Ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ime ndị a bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe 900 e ji mgbasa ozi mee maka Rock City.

Ihe ndị e ji mara ya

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị n'ebe ndịda Ontario, Canada
Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke Uster Castle n'obodo Uster, Switzerland
Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe a dị na Thuringia, Germany nwere mpụga abụọ na-eme ka oghere dị n'etiti ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe.

Otu ugbo nwere ike inwe ụlọ ndị nwere ụdị na nha dịgasị iche iche nke a na-eji echekwa nnukwu na obere anụmanụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. A na-akpọ pensụl ndị a kpuchiri ekpuchi nke a na-eji echekwa nnukwu anụmanụ na ụlọ ahịa nwere ike ịdị na okpuru ulo ma ọ bụ n'ogo dị elu dabere n'ụdị ọba. Ebe ndị ọzọ a na-ahụkarị, ma ọ bụ atụmatụ, nke ụlọ ọba America gụnyere

  • ụlọ nkedo (ebe a na-edebe bridles, saddles, wdg), nke a na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ nkwụsịtụoghere
  • ụlọ nri, ebe a na-echekwa Nri anụmanụ - ọ bụghị akụkụ nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke oge a ebe a na'ụlọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri
  • ebe a na-akwọ ụgbọala, ụzọ sara mbara maka ụmụ anụmanụ ma ọ bụ ígwè ọrụ
  • silo ebe a na-echekwa ọka ma ọ bụ hay (nke a na-akpọ ensilage ma ọ bụ Haylage).
  • ụlọ mmiri ara ehi maka ụlọ nkwakọba mmiri ara ehi; ihe dị n'akụkụ ebe a na-anakọta mmiri ara ehi ma chekwaa ya tupu ebubata ya
  • a grain (soy, ọka, wdg) akpa maka ụlọ nkwakọba mmiri ara ehi, nke a na-ahụ n'ime oghere ma na-emekarị ya na osisi na-agbanye n'ala na-enye ohere ịnweta ọka, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe inye ehi nri.
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke oge a na-enwekarị ogige dị n'ime ụlọ nke nwere oghere maka inye ọgwụgwọ anụmanụ maka anụmanụ na-arịa ọrịa.
  • Na North Yorkshire, ụlọ ehi ga-enwe oghere muck (muck'ole na olumba obodo) iji kwe ka etinye nsị n'èzí ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-enweghị ehi ahụ ịhapụ ụlọ ahụ.[11]
  • Na North Yorkshire, ụlọ ehi ga-enwe obere ọnụ ụzọ ma ọ bụ oghere forking (forking'ole na olumba mpaghara) n'elu mgbidi iji mee ka a 'forked' nri n'ime baux ma ọ bụ baulks (hayloft). [11]
  • Ụfọdụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndị England ga-enwe gin gang, mgbatị dị gburugburu gbakwunyere iji mee ka injin ịnyịnya.

Ihe ndị e si na ya nweta

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Okwu physics "2" href="./Barn_(unit)" id="mwAac" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Barn (unit)">Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe", nke bụ mpaghara subatomic, 10−28 m2, sitere na nnwale na uranium nuclei n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ebe a kọwara ha n'ụzọ mkparịta ụka dị ka "nnukwu dị ka ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe", na nha a nabatara iji mee ka nchekwa dị gburugburu nyocha ngwá agha nuklia.

Okwu ụmụntakịrị

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  • "Ọ pụghị ịkụ aka n'akụkụ sara mbara nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe" bụ okwu a ma ama maka onye nwere ebumnuche ọjọọ mgbe ọ na-atụfu ihe ma ọ bụ mgbe ọ na'agba ihe.
  • "Kpochi ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe mgbe ịnyịnya ahụ gbanyere" na-egosi na mmadụ edoziwo nsogbu n'azụ oge iji gbochie ya.
  • "A mụrụ gị / zụlite gị n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe?" bụ ebubo a na-eji n'ụzọ dị iche n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa na-asụ Bekee, mana ọ na-abụkarị ịdọ aka ná ntị mgbe mmadụ gosipụtara omume ọjọọ site na iji asụsụ na-adịghị mma (karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ọ metụtara nsị), ma ọ bụ ịhapụ ọnụ ụzọ ghere oghe.
  • "Ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe gị ghere oghe" a na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka okwu eupụtara iji chetara mmadụ ka ọ na-agbagharị uwe elu ha.
  • "Barnstorm" bụ ịgagharị ngwa ngwa gburugburu nnukwu ebe na-apụta n'ihu ọha ugboro ugboro.

Ụdị

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-ekewapụta barns site na ọrụ ha, nhazi, ebe, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, otu ụlọ ahụ na-adaba n'ọtụtụ ụdị.

  • Ụlọ nkwakọba mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ ụlọ nkwakọwa mkpụrụ osisi - maka nchekwa mkpụrụ osisi
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe - Ụlọ nwere ọtụtụ okpukpu nke e wuru n'ime ụlọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa ka e wee nwee ike ịnweta ụgbọ ala n'elu ya, mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-esi n'àkwà mmiri ma ọ bụ ramp abanye ya.
  • Bastle house - ihe nchebe iji chebe onwe ya megide ndị na-eme njem n'ókè nwere ebe obibi na ala ala maka anụ ụlọ.
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke àkwà mmiri ma ọ bụ ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe nke a na-ekpuchi ekpuchi - okwu n'ozuzu maka ụlọ nkwakọrọ ihe nke a ga-esi n'àkwà mmiri banye kama ịga n'ihu.
  • Boô - Ụlọ atụrụ na ebe obibi na Netherlands, n'oge oge ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ n'afọ niile.
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke Pennsylvania (U.S.) nke nwere obere ụdị dị ka ọkọlọtọ na ụdị sweitzer. A makwaara ya dị ka Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ma ọ bụ ụlọ nkwakọrịta veranda.
  • Cantilever barn - ụdị ụlọ nkwakọba ihe osisi nwere okpukpu elu nke mepụtara na Appalachia (U.S.A.)
  • Ngwakọta ụlọ nkwakọba ihe - a na-ahụ n'England dum, ọkachasị n'ógbè ọrụ ugbo na ụdị ụlọ nkwakọrọ ihe dị na America. Okwu a n'ozuzu pụtara na a na-eji ụlọ nkwakọba ihe eme ihe maka nchekwa ihe ọkụkụ na dị ka ebe obibi anụmanụ.[12]
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe - Ihe owuwu osisi ndị dị larịị nwere ihe ruru ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe anọ (nchịkọta osisi ndị na-agafe agafe) nke a na-ahụkarị na ndịda US
  • A na-akpọ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe maka ịcha ihe ọkụkụ na Finland na Sweden riihi na ria, n'otu n'otu.
  • New World Dutch Barn - Ụdị ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na US. Hụkwara ụlọ nkwakọrọ Dutch (UK) na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ ugbo ndị ọzọ n'okpuru.
  • Ogige nkwakọba ihe - Ihe owuwu dị n'ọhịa dịpụrụ adịpụ karịa nnukwu ụlọ ndị mejupụtara ugbo
  • -" data-linkid="256" href="./New_England_barn" id="mwAdo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="New England barn">Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke New England - ụdị ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ime ime obodo New England na US
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke Bekee (U.S.), nke a na-akpọkwa ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe nke Yankee ma ọ bụ Connecticut - Ụdị ụlọ nkwakọrọ a ma ama na US
  • Granary - iji chekwaa ọka mgbe a gbasịrị ya, ụfọdụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nwere ọnụ ụlọ a na-akpọ granary, ụfọdụ ụlọ akụ dị ka ụlọ nkwakọrọ osikapa na-eme ka akara dị n'etiti ụlọ nkwakọta na ụlọ nkwakọrịta.
  • Ogwe ogidi Gothic, nwere profaịlụ dị ka ogidi Gothique, nke ghọrọ ihe ga-ekwe omume ka ndị otu laminated mepụta ya
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe n'ala, ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe nwere ohere maka anụ ụlọ n'ala
  • Housebarn, nke a na-akpọkwa ebe obibi - Ebe obibi na Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe jikọtara ọnụ, nke a maara nke ọma na Europe ochie mana ọ dị ụkọ na North America. Ọzọkwa, ogologo ụlọ bụ ụlọ obibi.
  • Ogwe osisi - ihe owuwu dị mfe nke nwere ogwe osisi ndị a na-etinye n'ala iji kwado elu ụlọ, nwere ma ọ bụ na-enweghị mgbidi mpụga. Ogwe osisi ahụ enweghị ntọala nkịtị, si otú a belata ọnụahịa iwu ihe. A na-eji ya eme ihe maka anụ ụlọ, ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ.
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba poteto ma ọ bụ Ụlọ poteto- Ụlọ dị n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ okpukpu abụọ maka nchekwa poteto maọbụ poteto.
  • Prairie barn - Okwu n'ozuzu maka Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na Western U.S.
  • ụlọ nkwakọba ihe osise na ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe osise
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị gburugburu, nke e wuru n'ụdị gburugburu, a na-ejikarị okwu ahụ eme ihe na-agụnye ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe dị n'akụkụ asatọOgige ntụrụndụ nwere akụkụ asatọ
  • Swing beam barn - Ụdị Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'akụkụ nke US nke e mere maka ịpịa ọka na ụmụ anụmanụ na-agagharị gburugburu ogwe osisi nke a na-ejide n'ime ụlọ nkwakọrọ.
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ụtaba - maka ịcha akwụkwọ ụtaba
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke iri - ụdị ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe eji eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ebe ugwu Europe n'oge ụwa na-emepechabeghị anya maka ichekwa otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ihe ubi ahụ ga-enye chọọchị
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe - nke e ji ala nkwakọwa ihe wuo maka nhazi na nchekwa ọka, iji mee ka ha nọrọ n'ọnọdụ kpọrọ nkụ. A na-akọwa ya site na nnukwu ọnụ ụzọ abụọ n'etiti otu akụkụ, obere n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, na nchekwa maka owuwe ihe ubi ma ọ bụ unprocessed n'akụkụ ọ bụla. N'England, a na-akụ ọka ahụ site na ihe ọkụkụ site na flails wee kewaa ya na mkpo site na winnowing n'etiti ọnụ ụzọ ndị a. Nhazi nke ndị a anaghị agbanwe agbanwe n'etiti narị afọ nke 12 na nke 19. Ọnụ ụzọ ndị buru ibu na-enye ohere ka a na-ebugharị ụgbọ ịnyịnya; ndị pere mpe na-enye ike ịhazi atụrụ na anụ ndị ọzọ n'oge opupu ihe ubi na oge okpomọkụ.

Ụlọ ọrụ ugbo ndị ọzọ a na-ejikọkarị na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  • Ụlọ ụgbọ ala: ụlọ nkwakọba ihe
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe Dutch (UK): ihe owuwu nwere akụkụ mepere emepe maka nchekwa hay. A na-akpọ ụdị nke nwere elu ụlọ a na-ebugharị ebugharị a na-akpọ hay barrack na US ma ọ bụ hooiberg (kapberg) na Netherlands.
  • A corn crib a horizontal slatered ihe owuwu e wuru iji kwe ka ikuku na-aga na ọkaọka nkụ (mkpụrụ)
  • A granary ma ọ bụ hórreo: ebe nchekwa maka ọka threshed, mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ma ọ bụ dị ka ụlọ dị iche.
  • Linhay (linny, linney, linnies): Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, nke na-enwekarị elu ụlọ mana ọ nwere ike ịbụ linhay dị gburugburu iji chekwaa hay na okpukpu nke mbụ na ehi na ala ala (linhay ehi), ma ọ bụ ígwè ọrụ ugbo (linhay ụgbọala). A na-akọwa ya site n'ihu na-emeghe na post ma ọ bụ ogidi na-adị iche iche.
  • Ụlọ mmiri ara ehi ma ọ bụ ụlọ mmiri ara ehi: iji chekwaa mmiri ara ehi.
  • Oast houses: ụlọ a na-eji eme ihe maka ịcha hops dị ka akụkụ nke usoro ịṅụ mmanya.
  • Ebe obibi: ihe owuwu ndị na-emeghe n'ihu maka ngwaahịa
  • Shippon: ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke nwere ehi na ehi. O nwere ebe nchekwa nri anụ'elu, ọnụ ụzọ na-adịkarị iche n'akụkụ ogige, ọnụ ụzọ ma ọ bụ windo na okpukpu mbụ.
  • Stable: Ọ na-abụkarị maka ụlọ ịnyịnya.

Ihe owuwu ugbo ochie nwere ike igosi ihe ịrịba ama ndị na-esonụ nke mmebi: ire ure na ihe owuwu osisi n'ihi mmiri, oghere dị na masonry site na mmegharị nke mgbidi, dịka mmegharị ala, nsogbu ụlọ (dịka mpụga ya, mmebi nke purlins na nsọtụ gable), nsogbu ntọala, ịbanye na mgbọrọgwụ osisi; a na-asa lime mortar n'ihi nchebe ihu igwe ezughi oke. Mgbidi ndị e ji cob, ụrọ ala ma ọ bụ mgbidi ndị nwere ihe mkpofu mee niile nwere ike ịbanye na mmiri, na dochie ma ọ bụ kpuchie ihe ndị na-eku ume na simenti ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na'egbochi mmiri nwere ike ijide mmiri n'ime mgbidi.[13][14]

Ụfọdụ atụmatụ enyemaka dị iji weghachite ụlọ ndị dị n'ugbo akụkọ ihe mere eme, dịka ọmụmaatụ Natural England's Environmental Stewardship, Countryside Stewardship na Environmentally Sensitive Areas Schemes.

  • A short silo in the centre of the photograph is slanted slightly to the right, topped by a conical red roof. Three barns form a V shape behind the silo. To its right is a large barn, with slanted red roof and open doors. Perpendicular to it are two similar but smaller barns in series, visible to the left of the silo.
    Barns na silo na Newmarket,Ontario, Canada. A kwaturu ihe owuwu ndị a na Machị 2009.
  • Traditional Sasak rice barn in village of Sade, Lombok, Indonesia.
    Ogige osikapa ọdịnalaSasakobodo nta Sade,Lombok, Indonesia.
  • In Germany, due to the risk of fire, some hay barns were located in areas apart from houses in the inner town or village. These areas were called a Scheunenviertel, which translates as "barn quarter", from "Scheune", the German word for barn. This barn quarter is in Steinhude, Germany
    Na Germany, n'ihi ihe ize ndụ nke ọkụ, ụfọdụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị n'ebe ndi ozo na-abụghị ụlọ dị n'ime obodo ma ọ bụ obodo. A na-akpọ mpaghara ndị a Scheunenviertel, nke a na-asụgharị dị ka "ụlọ nkwakọba ihe", site na "Scheune", okwu German maka ụlọ nkwakọwa ihe.[15]Ogige dị kaSteinhude, Germany
  • The barn at Bjärka-Säby Castle, Sweden, around 1909.
    Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị na Bjärka-Säby Castle,Sweden, n'ihe dị ka 1909.

Hụkwa

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  • Ịzụlite ụmụ
  • Ebe a na-azụ anụ
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ụgbọala
  • Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe
  • Elu ụlọ Gambrel
  • Gin gang ma ọ bụ ụlọ gburugburu - mgbatị na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe.
  • Ụlọ elu ewu
  • Hayrack
  • Scaffold (ụlọ nkwakọba ihe)
  • Ebe a na-edebe ihe

Ebem si dee

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  1. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009. Threshold.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Allen G. Noble, Traditional Buildings: A Global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural Functions (New York: Tauris, 2007), 30.
  3. ↑ Byre | Define Byre at Dictionary.com. Dictionary.reference.com. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved on 2012-12-08.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Frantzen (2014). Food, Eating and Identity in Early Medieval England. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84383-908-8. 
  5. ↑ A Thesaurus of Old English :: barn. Retrieved on 2018-08-29.
  6. ↑ Bosworth, J.. A Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language.... London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1838. 50. Print.
  7. ↑ Malcolm Kirk, The Barn. Silent Spaces, London 1994; Graham Hughes, Barns of Rural Britain, London 1985; Walter Horn, 'On the Origins of the Medieval Bay System', in: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 17 (1958), nr. 2, p. 2-23.
  8. ↑ John Fitchen, The New World Dutch Barn. A Study of its Characteristics, its Structural System, and its Probable Erectional Procedures, Syracuse N.Y. 1968.
  9. ↑ Fink, Daniel. Barns of the Genesee country, 1790–1915: including an account of settlement and changes in agricultural practices. Geneseo, N.Y.: J. Brunner, 1987. Print.
  10. ↑ Definition of ferric oxide. cbstructuresinc.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved on 5 May 2018.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 bawp (2017-08-16). Naming the parts of the cowhouse (en-US). Every Barn Tells a Story: Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved on 2021-02-09.
  12. ↑ Marshall, Jeffrey L., and Willis M. Rivinus. Barns of bucks county. S.l.: Heritage Conservancy & The Bucks County Audubin Society, 2007. Print.
  13. ↑ First Aid Repair to Traditional Farm Buildings produced by the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings gives useful guidance
  14. ↑ How to deal with damp produced by the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings gives useful guidance
  15. ↑ Cattelan, Maurizio. Von Mäusen und Menschen: 4. Berlin Biennale für zeitgenössische Kunst = Of mice and men : 4th Berlin Biennial for Contemporary Art. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2006. 89. Print.
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Óbá&oldid=178357