Mgbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo kemgbe afọ 1970 na Rift Valley, Kenya
usoro mmiri ozuzo n'oge kachasị elu na-oge ihe na eto eto nke ọnwa Machị, Eprel na Mee anọwo na-agbanwe n'ime iri afọ ole na ole gara aga na mpaghara Rift Valley, Kenya. Kemgbe afọ 1970, n'oge mmiri ozuzo mba-wanyi n'ọtụtụ mana ọ belatara n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo. Nke a emeela ka Mmiri ozuzo n'arịwanye elu.
ụdị mmiri ozuzo a na-agbanwe agbanwe n'akụkụ mpaghara Kenya bụ akụkụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe Nke sitere na okpomọkụ na-arịwanye elu kwa afọ na okpommọkụ okpomọkụ dị n'elu oké osimiri na ndida ọdịda anyanwụ nke Oké Osimiri India. Mmụba nke ókè mmiri ozuzo emeela ka ala na ala na-adịghị amị mkpụrụ. Ibelata nke ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo mere ka oge uto dị mkpirikpi. Ihe ndị a na-emetụta ndụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba nke ndị mmadụ nọ na Rift Valley dị ka ego ha na nri ha na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ọrụ ugbo. Ndị ọrụ ugbo bi na Rift Valley na-anabata mgbanwe ọrụ ugbo iji lụso ibelata nke ihe ọkụkụ ọgụ n'ihi mgbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo.
Mgbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo n'oge kachasị elu na Rift Valley[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Usoro mmiri ozuzo na Rift Valley, Kenya, agbanweela na-ime iri afọ ole na ole gara aga nke ukwuu ọnụ ọgụgụ ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo, na ike. Usoro mmiri ozuzo na Rift Valley bụ bimodal na oge mbụ ha na-eme na ọnwa Machị, Eprel na Mee na nke abụọ na-eme n'ọnwa 'Oktoba Novemba na Disemba E nwe-kwara obere oge mmiri ozuzo nke na-eme na Jun, Julaị na Ọgọọst .
E mere nnyocha iji tụọ mgbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo n'oge isi uto kachasị nke ọnwa Machị, Eprel na Mee na Rift Valley n'etiti afọ 1976 na 2005. Nnyocha ahụ kpughere na mmiri ozuzo n'oge mgbe ihe a kọrọ na ugbi ji eto, ejirila nke akpọrọ mm iri na asatọ mụbaa. A nọgidere na-aga n'ihu n'ime Ọtụtụ iri afọ atọ dị ka egosiri na Tebụl mbụ: Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụbọchị mmiri zoro belatara n'oge a. Ihe ọmụma ahụ na-egosi nke a site na iji nkezi ụbọchị mmiri zoro na ọnwa Machị, Eprel na Mee. N'etiti afọ 1976 na afọ 1985, nkezi ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo bụ mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri abụọ na itoolu na-ebelata ruo ụbọchị iri anọ na isii n'etiti afọ 1996 na afọ 2005. Mmiri ozuzo na-abawanye na ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo ole na ole na-egosi mmụba nke ókè mmiri ozuzo. Nke a bụ eziokwu maka ọnwa Eprel na Mee mana Machị gosipụtara mbelata nke oke mmiri ozuzo. N'ime afọ ndị dị n'etiti afọ 1976 na afọ 1985, mmiri ozuzo siri ike bụ 7.7mm / h ma mụbaa ruo 10.2mm / h n'etiti afọ 1996 na 2005. N'ọnwa Mee, oke mmiri ozuzo bụ 5.9mm / h n'afọ ndị dị n'etiti afọ 1976 na afọ 1985 wee mụbaa ruo 8.4mm / h na afọ ndị dị n"etiti afọ 1986 na afọ 1995. Machị, Otú ọ dị, esoghị usoro nke mmụba nke mmiri ozuzo na-egosi obere ọdịiche. E nwere mbelata na mmiri ozuzo siri ike na ọnwa Machi site na 6.5mm / h n'afọ 1976 na 1985 ruo 7.4mm / h na afọ 1986 ruo na afọ 1995. [citation needed] Nnukwu mmiri ozuzo n'oge mmiri ozuzo nke ọnwa Machi, Eprel na Mee emeela ka mmiri ozuzo dị ala na oge mmiri ozuzo na oge mmiri nke abụọ na nke atọ na ibelata na arụmọrụ mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ.
| Afọ Iri | Mmiri ozuzo n'ọnwa Machị, Eprel na Mee a tụrụ na milimita |
|---|---|
| 1976-1985 | 214.1mm |
| 1986-1995 | 224.4mm |
| 1996-2005 | 232.1mm |
Ihe kpatara mgbanwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mgbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo na Rift Valley, Kenya, bụ akụkụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. N'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe, mmiri ozuzo na Rift Valley aghọwo nke na-adịghị mma na nke a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta na mmiri ozuzo dị ike ma dị oke egwu. N'ime narị afọ nke iri abụọ gụnyere afọ 1970, 1980 na afọ 1990, Ndịda Afrịka , ebe Rift Valley dị, enweela okpomọkụ 0.05 ◦C kwa afọ iri. Mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị ịrịba ama na mgbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo n'ihi na okpomọkụ elu na-akpata ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke evaporation nke na-eduga na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo dị ka a hụrụ na Rift Valley.
A chọpụtakwala oké ifufe dị ka ihe kpatara mmiri ozuzo na-egbu oge na Kenya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe dị mma maka cyclones na-eme n'etiti ọnwa Febụwarị ruo Machị, oke ha na-adabere na okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri, nke na-ekpo ọkụ ugbu a n'ihi mmụba nke gas na-ekpuchi ikuku na ikuku, na-eduga na okpompe ụwa. Nke a pụtara na ike na ugboro ole cyclones nwere ike ịbawanye.[1]
Amụma n'ọdịnihu na-ekwu na mgbanwe ihu igwe ga-akpata mmụba 5-20% na mmiri ozuzo n'ọnwa mmiri ozuzo na mbelata 5-10% na mmiri ozuzo mu ọnwa mmiri ozuzo nke Ndịda Afrịka . Mgbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo na Kenya bụ mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ihe metụtara okpomọkụ dị n'elu oké osimiri na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Indian Ocean. A na-ekwu na ọ bụ ha kpatara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo a hụrụ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka n'oge 1980s ruo 2000s ma nye aka na mgbanwe na mmiri ozuzo. [citation needed] Mgbanwe ihu igwe, na-eduga na mgbanwe na usoro mmiri ozuzo, bụ mmadụ mere.
Ọrụ ụmụ mmadụ gụnyere: iji ala eme ihe na-adịghị mma dị ka inwe ọtụtụ anụmanụ karịrị ikike iburu ala ahụ; omume ọrụ ugbo na-adịghị adịgide adịgide dị ka ịkọ ala na mgbukpọ osisi; bụ nnukwu ihe na-enye aka na mgbanwe ihu igwe na ịgbanwe usoro mmiri ozuzo na ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya, ebe Rift Valley dị.
Mmetụta na ọrụ ugbo na ihe ubi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndị Rift Valley na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ọrụ ugbo na ihe ugbo iji nye nri na isonye na akụ na ụba mba ahụ. Ọrụ ugbo na Rift Valley na-adabere kpamkpam na arụmọrụ oge mmiri ozuzo. Pasent iri isii nke ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba nke Kenya dabere na arụmọrụ mmiri ozuzo. Ọrụ ugbo na-akwado 75% nke ndị bi na ya ma na-aza ajụjụ maka nri mba niile chọrọ. Ọ bụrụ na usoro mmiri ozuzo dịgasị iche iche, ọ nwere ike imebe ọrụ ugbo dị mkpa na ọrụ ugbo, na-emebi akụ na ụba, na akụ na ụba nke Rift Valley. Mgbanwe dị mkpirikpi na nke ogologo oge na usoro mmiri ozuzo nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na ihe ọkụkụ na
. N'etiti afọ 1976 na afọ 2005, ọnọdụ mmiri ozuzo na Rift Valley dị mma maka ọrụ ugbo; Otú ọ dị, ihe ọkụkụ na-adịghị mma n'ihi mgbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo yana mmụba nke oke mmiri ozuzo ma belata ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo. Mmiri ozuzo na-arịwanye elu n'oge uto dugara n'oké ifufe na idei mmiri nke: bibiri akwụkwọ ihe ọkụkụ, kpochapụ ala dị n'elu, ma kpatara mbuze ala, na-ahapụ ala ahụ na-adịghị amị mkpụrụ. Mbelata nke ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo n'oge uto kachasị elu nke Machị, Eprel na Mee, na-egosi oge uto dị mkpirikpi na ibelata nke izu atọ na afọ 2005 ma e jiri ya tụnyere na afọ 1976. Oge uto dị mkpirikpi mere ka ndị ọrụ ugbo kụọ ụdị ọka dị iche iche iji kwekọọ n'ọnọdụ uto ọhụrụ. Ụdị ọka ọhụrụ ahụ nwere obere ihe na-amị mkpụrụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụdị ndị e ji mee ihe n'oge gara aga, na-emetụta ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma. [ntụgharị dị mkpa] Mgbanwe mmiri ozuzo na-arịwanye elu na-eme ka o sie ndị ọrụ ugbo ike ịhazi omume ugbo dị ka iho ahịhịa na owuwe ihe ubi.[2] Mgbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo wetara mmetụta na-adịghị mma na ihe ọkụkụ na mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na-eme ka oge dị mkpirikpi. Ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo ole na ole na oke mmiri ozuzo na-arịwanye elu mere ka ndị ọrụ ugbo kụọ ihe mgbe oge ahụ gasịrị, na-agbanwe kalenda ọrụ ugbo, ma na-eduga na mbelata nke ọkụkụ. N'ozuzu, usoro mmiri ozuzo gbanwere na Rift Valley enweela mmetụta na-adịghị mma na ọrụ ugbo na ihe ugbe.
Mgbanwe ọrụ ugbo na-agbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mgbanwe ọrụ ugbo banyere mgbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo na Rift Valley na-elekwasị anya na nsogbu abụọ: mmiri ozuzo ala iji lụso ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ebelata nke ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo ọgụ, na mbelata mbuze ala nke nnukwu mmiri ozuzo kpatara.
A n'eme ka mmiri dị na-ala site na mgbanwe nchịkwa mmiri. Nke a na-eme ka mmiri ozuzo dị mma site na iji ma ọ bụ ịnye mmiri ozuzo site na ntinye aka dị ka terracing ma ọ bụ infiltration trens. A n' anakọta mmiri ozuzo iji belata mbuze àlà. A na-eme mgbanwe a n' ahụkarị maka Nke a site na-ijide mmiri ozuzo n'elu ụlọ ma na-anakọta mmiri na tankị. A na-akpọ nke a Owuwe ihe ubi n'elu ụlọ ma belata mmiri ozuzo na-asọba n'ala ya mere na-ebelata mbụze(Recha et al., 2016). Mgbanwe ndị ọzọ maka ibelata mbuze ala na ịbawanye uto ala gụnyere agroforestry. Mgbe ha kụrụ osisi na- ụgbọ ha, pasent iri anọ na atọ nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya chọpụtara na mmepụta ugbo ka mma.
Ndemsibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Ongoma. Why Kenya's seasonal rains keep failing and what needs to be done (en). The Conversation. Retrieved on 2022-02-22.
- ↑ huho (January 2012). Trend in number of rain days during the MAM rainfall season.. Archived from the original on 2022-02-22.
- Akwụkwọ
- Githui (2009). "Climate change impact on SWAT simulated streamflow in western Kenya". International Journal of Climatology 29 (12): 1823–1834. DOI:10.1002/joc.1828.
- Mango (2011). "Land use and climate change impacts on the hydrology of the upper Mara River Basin, Kenya: Results of a modeling study to support better resource management". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15 (7): 2245–2258. DOI:10.5194/hess-15-2245-2011.
- Recha (2016). "Changing rainfall patterns and farmers' adaptation through soil water management practices in semi-arid eastern Kenya". Arid Land Research and Management 30 (3): 229–238. DOI:10.1080/15324982.2015.1091398.
- Thorlakson (2012). "Reducing subsistence farmers' vulnerability to climate change: Evaluating the potential contributions of agroforestry in western Kenya". Agriculture & Food Security 1. DOI:10.1186/2048-7010-1-15.
- Wakachala (2015). "Statistical patterns of rainfall variability in the Great Rift Valley of Kenya". Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences 5: 17–26.