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Àgwàetiti Bintan

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Àgwàetiti Bintan

Agwaetiti Bintan ma ọ bụ Negeri Segantang Lada bụ agwaetiti dị na Riau Archipelago nke Indonesia.  Ọ bụ akụkụ nke mpaghara Riau Islands, isi obodo ya, Tanjung Pinang, dị na ndịda agwaetiti ahụ ma bụrụ isi obodo nke agwaetiti ahụ.[1][2][3][4]

Ala Bintan bụ 1,173 square kilometres (453 mi) (ngụkọta ebe bụ 60,057 square kilometres (23,188 sq mi) gụnyere 96% oké osimiri).[5] A na-akpọ mpaghara nchịkwa ya Bintan Regency, otu n'ime mpaghara nchịkwa isii nke mpaghara Riau Islands. Obodo Tanjung Pinang bụ mpaghara nwere onwe ya n'ime Bintan Island mana etinyeghị ya na Regency.[5]

[6][7] Akụkọ Bintan gbagoro na mmalite narị afọ nke atọ.  Àgwàetiti ahụ toro dị ka ebe a na-ere ahịa n'ụzọ dị n'etiti China na India, n'ime narị afọ ndị gafeworonụ, ọ bịara n'okpuru nchịkwa nke ndị China, ndị Britain, na ndị Dutch mgbe e kpọpụtara ya akụkụ nke Dutch East Indies site na Anglo-Dutch.  Nkwekọrịta nke 1824 .narị afọ nke iri na abụọ, a maara a[8]gwaetiti Bintan dị na Strait of Malacca dị ka "Pirate Island" ebe ọ bụ na ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri Malay na-apụnara ụgbọ mmiri na-agagharị na mmiri ndị a.[9]

Singapore, nnukwu obodo kacha nso, bụ njem nkeji 45-50 site na catamaran na-agbagharị na Singapore Strait site na mpaghara Bintan Resort n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke agwaetiti ahụ. Àgwàetiti ahụ nwere osimiri nwere ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ebe ezumike dị n'akụkụ osimiri; nke a ma ama n'ime osimiri ndị a bụ Bintan Resorts nke dị n'ebe dị hekta 300 (740 acres) nke ebe okpomọkụ. Archipelago nke agwaetiti Riau dị n'ihu ebe ezumike a gafee Oké Osimiri South China.[10][11] Indonesia na-akwalite Bintan dị ka ebe ndị njem nleta kachasị mma na-esote Bali.[12]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Tanjung Pinang na Bintan

N'ihi ọnọdụ dị mma na ogo nke Bintan Island na ụzọ azụmaahịa India-China, ọ nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme bara ụba. Tinyere ndị Malay na ndị Bugis, ọchịchị ndị Portugal, ndị Dutch, ndị Arab, na ndị Britain n'oge dị iche iche abụwo akụkụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme bara ọgaranya nke Bintan. Ọtụtụ esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị Malay na Bugis, na agha n'oké osimiri, na n'etiti na n'ime ndị agha na-awakpo mba ọzọ, abụwo akụkụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Bintan na mgbochi ya. Site n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na isii, alaeze Sultan nke Johor-Riau akwagala alaeze ha n'etiti Johor, Riau na Lingga.[1][13]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme mbụ nke Bintan jikọtara ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Nagoya Hills, nke dị na Batam, nso agwaetiti Bintan na agwaetiti ndị ọzọ nke Riau archipelago. Ihe ndekọ ndị China ekwuola na Batam biri na 231 AD mgbe a ka na-akpọ agwaetiti Singapore Pulau Ujung (Ujung Island). Bintan nọ n'okpuru nchịkwa nke alaeze Malacca site na narị afọ nke 13. Mgbe e mesịrị, Sultan nke Johor chịrị site n'ebe a ma ọchịchị ya dịgidere ruo na narị afọ nke 18.[6][7]

Riau Islands bụ etiti nke nnukwu alaeze Malay ma ọ bụ Sultanates, nke a maara dị ka 'Malay World', nke nwere ikike ya site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Sumatra ruo Borneo. Ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, Riau bụ ebe obibi nke ndị Malay na Orang Laut. Ha biri na Bintan. Obodo abụọ a bụ ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ọtụtụ alaeze Malay site n'oge Srivijaya ruo Sultanate nke Johor. Ha nwere ikike zuru oke nke ụzọ azụmaahịa na-agafe n'ọwara ahụ. Ndị si China na Indo-China kwabata, ọ bụ ezie na ha mechara bịa ebe a, biri n'ebe buru ibu nke Eshia.[6][7] Mgbe ọdịda nke Melaka na 1511, agwaetiti Riau ghọrọ etiti ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Sultanate nke Johor ma ọ bụ Johor - Riau, nke dabeere na agwaetiti Bintan. A na-ewere ha dị ka etiti ọdịbendị Malay.[7]

Site na narị afọ nke 12 ruo 13, Alaeze Ukwu Srivijaya nke Sumatra nwere ikike n'agwaetiti Bintan.  Sri Tri Buana, onye si n'ezinụlọ eze Palembang gara na Riau Islands na 1290. Queen nke Bintan zutere ya ma mee njikọ dị mkpa.  Ha ji “flotilla nke arịa 800 kwaga Bintan” ebe Sri Tri Buana ghọrọ eze.  Otú ọ dị, Bintan na ọnọdụ ya nwetara aha ọma dị ka àgwàetiti ndị pirate n'ihi na ndị ohi ndị Malay bụ ndị na-ejide ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri site n'ịmanye ha n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ịzụ ahịa ma ọ bụ kwakọrọ ngwongwo ha.  Ọtụtụ narị ụgbọ mmiri nke Malays manyere ụgbọ mmiri ndị China si n'Oké Osimiri India na-alọta n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ha dị na Bintan.  A wakporo ndị na-eguzogide.  A chọtara nnukwu ceramics ndị China na Bintan, ụfọdụ sitere na usoro ndị eze Song (960–1127).  Onye na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Arab, Ibn Battuta, na-ede n'àgwàetiti Riau na narị afọ nke 13 na-ekwu, sị: "Lee, e nwere obere àgwàetiti ndị a, bụ́ ebe ndị oji ndị omekome ojii ji ngwá agha ji akụ́ kwụ ọtọ pụta, ji ụgbọ mmiri agha; ha na-apụnara ndị mmadụ ihe ma ha adịghị agba ha ohu."  Ihe ndekọ ndekọ nke ụgbọ mmiri ndị China na-agba akaebe na ihe ndị a mere na narị afọ nke 12.  Ọbụlagodi ka ọtụtụ narị afọ gachara, ọtụtụ ndị ka na-akpọ Bintan site na epithet "Pirate Island".[9]

Dị ka ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme si kwuo, Sri Tri Bhuvana weghaara Singapore wee kwupụta onwe ya dị ka Eze Singapore. Tupu nke ahụ, ọ gbanwere aha Temasek, agwaetiti ọ bi, dị ka Singapore. Nkọwa ọzọ a na-ekwu maka aha Singapore bụ na eze ahụ hụrụ anụmanụ, nke o chere na ọ bụ ọdụm, ya mere ọ kpọrọ Temasek dị ka Singapore (Lion City).[7] Ọchịchị Srivijaya dịgidere ruo na narị afọ nke iri na isii.[7][9]

N'afọ 1521, ndị Portuguese na-achụ nta ose, bu n'obi iwu ebe siri ike n'ụdị ebe siri ike mgbe ha na-eme njem n'oké osimiri n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, na Sunda Island na Java mgbe ha natara ntụziaka site n'aka Eze ha ibibi ebe siri ike anọ na India, Sri Lanka na Sumatra. Otú ọ dị, na mbụ, ha emeghị ka ha weghara Bentan, ebe siri ike nke Sultan nke Malaca na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Singapore Strait na Atjeh (isi obodo nke Sultanate ọhụrụ, nke na-apụta na North Sumatra). N'oge a, ha nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịtọlite ebe e wusiri ike na Pasai ọ bụ ezie na ha enweghị ihe ịga nke ahụ n'ịmepụta ebe e wusirinụ ike na Canton na China ma merie n'aka ndị China. N'afọ 1524, ndị Malay nke Bintan wakporo Malacca, nke nọ n'okpuru nchịkwa nke ndị Portugal.[14]

Map nke Bintan
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gössling (2003). Tourism and development in tropical islands: political ecology perspectives. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 1-84376-257-9. Retrieved on 2010-06-16. 
  2. ↑ Government. Bintan net Government of Indonesia. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved on 2010-06-14.
  3. ↑ Welcome to the island of Bintan. bintan.net Government of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved on 2010-06-14.
  4. ↑ Peachey (1998). The Riau Islands and economic cooperation in the Singapore Indonesian border zone. IBRU, 17–20. ISBN 1-897643-27-6. Retrieved on 2010-06-15. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Riau Island Province. Government of Indonesia. Retrieved on 2010-06-17.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Time Line. Time Line. Retrieved on 2010-06-14.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 History of Bintan Island. Indonesia Tourism: Government of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 2010-11-04. Retrieved on 2010-06-14.
  8. ↑ Bintan Indonesia. Asinah.net. Archived from the original on 2017-08-16. Retrieved on 2010-06-15.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Hawk (2005). Dark Waters. iUniverse. ISBN 0-595-36881-6. Retrieved on 2010-06-15. 
  10. ↑ Bintan Lagoon Resort. Bintan Lagoon. Archived from the original on 2012-09-17. Retrieved on 2010-06-14.
  11. ↑ Enjoy in Bintan island. Bintan.net. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved on 2010-06-14.
  12. ↑ Berkmoes (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. Lonely Planet, 455–456. ISBN 978-1-74104-830-8. Retrieved on 2010-06-16. 
  13. ↑ Bintan Island Sri Bintang Kampung Eco tour. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved on 2010-06-16.
  14. ↑ (1990) The New Cambridge modern history. Cambridge University Press, 671–672. ISBN 0-521-34536-7. Retrieved on 2010-06-15. 
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