Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ego Gọọmentị
Gọọmenti National Mortgage Association ( GNMA), ma ọ bụ Ginnie Mae, ụlọ ọrụ nwe nwe nke United States Federal Government n'ime Ngalaba Housing and Urban Development (HUD). [1] E hiwere ya na 1968 ma na-arụ ọrụ ịgbasa ụlọ dị ọnụ ala site n'ịkwado mbinye ego ụlọ ( mortgages ) si otú a na-ahụta ego dị ka ụdị ọmụrụ nwa maka ụgwọ ego ndị ahụ. Ọ na-eme nke ahụ site n'ikwenye ndị na-ego n'ịkwụ ụgwọ n'oge nke nchekwa na-akwado (MBS) ụlọ ma ọ bụrụ na ndị nwe ụlọ na-adaba na mortgages dị n'okpuru ebe a na-amachibido ụlọ ndị ahụ
Ginnie Mae na-ekwe nkwa naanị ihe nchekwa nke otu na nọmba ego ọtụtụ na- ere site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ, kpọọ Federal Housing Authority, Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of Public and Indian Ụlọ, na Ngalaba Agriculture's Rural Development. . Ginnie Mae ọnọdụ sisite ma ọ bụ ndị mbinye ego ndị ma ọ bụ ndị, ere ma ọ bụ na-enye nchekwa. Ihe ize kredit dị n'ịgbanwe nbinye ego n'ebe nchekwa ya na-akwado bụ n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ibe
Ginnie Mae yiri Fannie Mae (Federal National Mortgage Association) na Freddie Mac (Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation) na ihe dị iche bụ na Ginnie Mae bụ ụlọ ọrụ nwewere kpamkpam ebe Fannie Mae na Freddie Mac bụ " ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado " ( GSEs), nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ elekere elekere na-eso nke ndị nwe oke nwere. Taa, Ginnie Mae securities bụ naanị ihe nkwụnye ego na-akwado nkwado nke " zuru oke na kredit " nke Gọọmenti Federal Federal United States, ọ bụ na ụfọdụ na-arụ ụka na Fannie Mae na Freddie Mac Securities bụ de facto ma. ọ bụ "dị irụ" ga-erite uru. Nkwenye nke a mgbe Gọọmenti Etiti napụtara ha n'aka ndị na-okpuru ego ma tinye ha n' nchekwa nchekwa nchekwa na September 2008 n'oge nnukwu nlaazu ego [1]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'afọ 1934, n'oge omimi nke esemokwu mba n'obi, United States Congress zara nsogbu ahụ site n'ịgafe Iwu Ndị obibi nke 1934, bụ nke akara Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Otu n'ime ebumnobi bụ isi nke FHA bụ ego isi obodo na aha ụlọ site n'ịkwado ndị na-agbazinye ego nke onwe ihe ize ndụ nke ndabara. E aka FHA ọrụ ịcheta na aha otu ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ego nke mba nke ga-azụta ma na-ere mortgages nwere ikike FHA. N'afọ 1938, Congress meziri omume ahụ iji Federal National Mortgage Association, nke a na-akpọkarị " Fannie Mae ", iji nyere ndị na-agbazinye ego aka ike ego ọzọ iji nweta isi ego maka ego ego
Ndokwa nke iwu nke nta nke nta ka ọtụtụ awụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ruo n'afọ 1968, n'ịzaghachi n'ihi mkpa e chere na ọ ga-eme ka isi obodo dị maka nkeji ego gbasawanye, ka usoro ego ụlọ ụlọ obibi iyi ya ụdị ugbu a. ezinụlọ nke Iwu Housing and Urban Development Act nke 1968, Congress kewara Fannie Mae n'ime ụlọ ọrụ abụọ:
- Fannie Mae, bụ nke amachibidoro ịzụrụ ụlọ ọrụ Federal Housing Administration na Veterans Administration (VA) mgbazinye ego (Enyere Fannie Mae ikike ka ọ na-azụta ego mgbazinye na 1970), yana
- Ginnie Mae, onye bụbu gọọmentị National Mortgage Association, nke na mbụ nyere mkpuchi maka agbụ nke FHA na VA mortgages nyere na mmemme ụlọ pụrụ iche dị ọnụ ala. [2]
N'afọ 1970, Ginnie Mae ghọrọ nzukọ mbụ mepụtara na nkwa ngwaahịa MBS ma nọgide na-enye ego nnyefe maka ndị na-azụ ụlọ kemgbe ahụ. [3]
Taa, Ginnie Mae securities bụ naanị ihe nkwụnye ego na-akwado nkwado nke " oge zuru oke na kredit " nke United States na-akwado, ọ bụ ebe na ụfọdụ na-arụ ụka na Fannie Mae na Freddie Mac Securities bụ de facto ma. ọ bụ "dị idị" na-erite uru. Nkwenye a mgbe egwu US na pụtara ha na nri ego na 2008[1]
Azụmahịa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ginnie Mae na-ekwe nkwa egwu nke isi na ọmụrụ nwa n'oge na ngwa nchekwa na-akwado obibi (MBS) nye ndị na-etinye ego n'ama ọrụ n'ụwa niile. A na-eji ihe nchekwa ndị a, ma ọ bụ "ọdụ mmiri" nke ọkpọ ego, dị ka ihe mere maka nchekwa na Wall Street . A na-akpọ ngwá ọrụ ọrụ MBS dị ka mfe "pass-through" n'ihi na a na-enyefe ndị investors isi na ozi nke mbinye ego n'okpuru; n'ihi Nkwado ego Ginnie Mae, ngwa MBS ndị a na-aha ọtọ ndị na-etinye ego na, dị ka ngwá ọrụ Agency MBS ndị ọzọ, tozuru oke ka erere ya n'ahịa "a ga-akpọsa," ma ọ bụ "TBA [4]
Ginnie Mae na-ekwe nkwa naanị nchekwa nke otu na akara ngosi ihe dị nke ụlọ ọrụ nwere ikike, iche FHA, Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of Public and Indian Housing, na Ngalaba Agriculture's Rural Mmepe. Otu n'ime ụdị ịgbazinye ego ọhụrụ ha na- echere bụ ɔdɔ mmiri RG, ụdị ɔdɔ mmirika Ginnie Mae na-ebuga iji ọkụ ọkụ na-emeghachi omume nke mmachi iche iche na iche ego muweghachi mgbasa COVID-19 ụzọ ebipụtara na APM 20-07
Ginnie Mae anaghị esite ma ọ bụ zụta mbinye ego mgbazinye. Ọ naghị azụta, ere, ma ọ bụ nye nchekwa. N'ihi nke a, Ginnie Mae anaghị eji usoro mmepụta ihe iji gbochie ma ọ naghị ebu ụgwọ ogologo oge (ma ọ bụ ụgwọ nchekwa ndị metụtara ya) na akwụkwọ nguzozi ya. Kama nke ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ ịgbazinye ego nkeonwe nke Ginnie Mae kwadoro na-esite na mbinye ego tozuru oke, tinye ha na nchekwa, wee nye Ginnie Mae MBS ngwa. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ ịgbazinye ego dị iche iche na mpaghara, ụlọ akụ azụmahịa, na thrifts nke nha niile, yana ụlọ ọrụ ego ụlọ nke steeti.
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Isi 24 nke Usoro Iwu Federal
- Ụlọ akụ mgbazinye ego nke Federal
- Ụlọ ọrụ Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Onye ọrụ ugbo Mac)
- Ego Enyemaka United States (Ego USA)
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kopecki. Fannie, Freddie Have 'Effective' Guarantee, FHFA Says (Update1). October 23, 2008. bloomberg. Retrieved on 15 May 2013. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "effective" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Ginnie Mae vs. Fannie Mae: Key Differences (en-US). Yahoo Finance (2022-03-23). Retrieved on 2023-11-30.
- ↑ Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae): History and Programs (en). Investopedia. Retrieved on 2023-11-30.
- ↑ Lemke, Lins and Picard, Mortgage-Backed Securities, Chapters 2 and 4 (Thomson West, 2013 ed.).