Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu
Atụmatụ maka ịmepụta United Nations Environmental Organization (UNEO) abịala dị ka ụfọdụ ajụjụ banyere ịdị irè nke United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ugbu a na-emeso oke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ. E kere ya iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado usoro nke Global Environmental Governance (GEG), ọ naghị emezu ihe ndị ahụ. A na-egbochi UNEP site na aha ya dị ka mmemme na-emegide ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche dị ka United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ma ọ bụ World Health Organization (WHO), na mgbakwunye na enweghị ego afọ ofufo, na ebe e wepụrụ n'etiti ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na Nairobi, Kenya. Ihe ndị a emeela ka a kpọọ oku maka mgbanwe UNEP, na-esote mbipụta nke Fourth Assessment Report nke IPCC na Febụwarị 2007, "Paris Call for Action" nke Onye isi ala France Chirac gụrụ ma kwado ya na mba 46, kpọrọ oku ka UNEP jiri otu United Nations Environment Organization ọhụrụ ma dị ike dochie ya, nke a ga-eṅomi ya na World Health Organization. Mba 52 ahụ gụnyere mba European Union, mana ọ gụnyeghị United States na BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, na China), ndị ise kachasị na-emepụta gas na-ekpo ọkụ.[1]
Ihe Ndị Na-egbochi UNEP
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọtụtụ ihe egbochiwo ikike UNEP iji mezuo iwu ya.
Ntinye aha dị ka mmemme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpebi iguzobe UNEP dị ka mmemme dị iche na ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche dị ka WHO enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu maka arụmọrụ UNEP. "N'ime usoro UN, mmemme nwere obere nnwere onwe na ikike, "nke a emeela ka o sie ike maka UNEP iguzobe ikike n'elu òtù UN ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi. Tụkwasị na nke a, "a mụrụ ya site na mkpebi Nzukọ Ezumezu, ikike ya nwere oke ma napụ ya ikike ọ bụla. "[2]
Ebe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]UNEP enweela nkwarụ n'ihi ọnọdụ ya na Nairobi, Kenya. Òtù UN mbụ nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ na Global South, a na-eme njem ahụ iji belata esemokwu dị n'etiti mba ndị mepere emepe na ndị na-emepe emepe. Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ ya na Kenya emeela ka ọ kewapụ onwe ya na ụlọ ọrụ ike gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ, yana "nkewa nke usoro ọchịchị" n'ihi iwepụ ya na ndị ọzọ UN nwere isi na Geneva na New York City.
Nkwado
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ike ịchọta ọtụtụ n'ime ọgụ UNEP na enweghị ego, na enweghị ego ahụ nwere ike ịchọta na usoro ego pụrụ iche nke UNEP. N'adịghị ka òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ, UNEP enweghị nyocha iwu, kama ọ dabere na onyinye afọ ofufo nke mba ndị otu UN. "Nhazi ego UNEP na-enweghị ntụkwasị obi na nke nwere ikike dị ukwuu na-emebi nkwụsi ike ego nke nzukọ ahụ, ikike ya ime atụmatụ karịa usoro mmefu ego ugbu a, yana ime ka UNEP dabere na ụfọdụ mba ndị otu nke na-enwe mmetụta na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na nhazi atụmatụ UNEP.
Ọdịda UNEP dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Anchor
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]E guzobere UNEP iji rụọ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nkedo na usoro nke Global Environmental Governance (GEG). Dị ka nkwupụta Nairobi na Ọrụ na Iwu nke mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi nke United Nations si kwuo, "ọrụ UNEP bụ ịbụ onye isi na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke na-esetịpụ atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi ụwa, na-akwalite mmejuputa usoro gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide n'ime usoro UN, ma na-eje ozi dị ka onye nkwado ikike maka gburugburu ebe nrụọrụ weebụ zuru ụwa ọnụ".[3] Maria Ivanova, onye nduzi nke Global Environmental Governance Project na Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy, dere n'akwụkwọ ọrụ akpọrọ Assessing UNEP as Anchor Institution for the Global Environment: Lessons for the UNEO Debate na "ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-akwado ya bụ isi, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị naanị ya, òtù mba ụwa na mpaghara ụfọdụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ma na-arụkarị ọrụ atọ: 1) ilekọta, nyocha, na ịkọ akụkọ banyere ọnọdụ nke okwu ahụ na ikike ha; 2) ịtọ usoro ihe omume na-aga n'ihu na-emepe emepe emepe; ụkpụrụ, ụkpụrụ, na ntuziaka dị ugbu a. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na e nyere UNEP ikike ịrụ ọrụ atọ ndị a, ọ dara n'ọtụtụ ụzọ:
Nnyocha, nyocha na akụkọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]UNEP enweela ihe ịga nke ọma kachasị na mpaghara nlekota, nyocha, na ịkọ akụkọ; a na-eche na ọ na-eme nke ọma n'ọgbọ nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ (GEA), ma bipụta akụkọ Global Environment Outlook (GEO). Otú ọ dị, ọ naghị enyocha nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ọkwa steeti, a na-enyekwa ọrụ maka nlekota, nyocha, na ịkọ akụkọ na ngalaba asatọ niile nke UNEP, na-emepụta redundancies. Tụkwasị na nke a, usoro UNEP nke ịkọ akụkọ adịghị mma ma sie ike ịnweta. "Ọha enweghị ike iji akwụkwọ UNEP ma rite uru na ọrụ nzukọ ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ihi enweghị otu nchekwa data dị mfe, nke a na-achọ, na nke a na'ahọpụta ma ọ bụ ndepụta nke akwụkwọ".
Ihe omume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]"Ọrụ ọzọ dị mkpa dị oke mkpa maka ịdị irè nke ụlọ ọrụ nkedo bụ ịtọ usoro ihe omume na njikwa nke usoro gọọmentị iji nweta nkwekọrịta na ụkpụrụ, ụkpụrụ, na ntuziaka ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-eje ozi dị ka nzukọ dị mkpa maka mkparịta ụka na arụmụka. " Ọ bụ ezie na UNEP enweela ihe ịga nke ọma dị ukwuu n'ịmepụta nkwekọrịta na nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche (Nkwekọrịta Basel na Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes, Nkwekọrịta na Biological Diversity, Montreal Protocol on the Protection of the Ozone Layer, wdg), ọ gbalịrị ịhazi mbọ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-achịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa mgbe ha bidoro. "UNEP enwebeghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịghọ ebe etiti maka arụmụka na mkparịta ụka na mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka WTO maka azụmahịa ma ọ bụ WHO maka ahụike. " Enweghị ikike nhazi etiti a emeela ka mmebi nke ịdị irè nke Gọọmentị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Ụwa. "UNEP enwebeghị ike imezu ikike nhazi ya n'ụzọ dị irè n'akụkụ abụọ dị mkpa nke ọrụ ya (1) nhazi nke nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche na (2) nhazi nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ".
Mmepe nke ikike
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]UNEP agbalịwo iguzobe ọrụ ya na usoro mba ụwa ma nke a emeela ka ọ nwee ihe isi ike na mmepe ikike (nke Ivanova kọwara dị ka agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ, ego, enyemaka teknụzụ, na ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ). Iwu UNEP na-akpọ UNEP ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na GEG, agbanyeghị "òtù ahụ na-ele mmejuputa ugbu a anya dị ka atụmatụ ya bụ isi". Mgbanwe a dị mkpa site na ọchịchọ sitere na steeti maka obere nkwekọrịta na ihe siri ike na mkpa UNEP iji nye nsonaazụ a na-ahụ anya maka isi mmalite ego gọọmentị na nke onwe, nke UNEP na-adabere na ya. Otú ọ dị, n'ịpụ n'ọrụ iwu, UNEP ewepụla ike ya: "inye ozi, mmepe nke ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, na mmepe ikike ụlọ ọrụ".
Mmalite nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbe nzukọ nke 58 nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN gasịrị, mba ndị so na European Union mere atụmatụ iji gbanwee UNEP ka ọ bụrụ United Nations Environmental Organization. N'afọ 2007 na nzukọ UNEP's Governing Council, EU kwughachiri oku ya maka "ịkwado UNEP dị ịrịba ama, dịka e depụtara na Cartagena nakwa na ọkwa ndị isi nchịkwa na-adịbeghị anya, nke ga-enyere UNEP aka ịbawanye n'ịkwalite ihe iji dozie nnukwu egwu gburugburu ebe obibi" na "na mmelite nke UNEP n'ime UNEO, nke nwere ihe ndị kwụsiri ike, zuru oke na ọnọdụ mba ụwa kwesịrị ekwesị, ga-emezu iwu ya ma mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma". Ndị na-akwado UNEO na-ekwu na ọ ga-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịbawanye mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na UN, ya mere ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na idozi ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka gburugburu ebe obibi ụwa na-eche ihu ugbu a. Ọ dị mkpa ka ndị mba ụwa rụọ ọrụ na UNEO, mana akụkụ ụfọdụ nke UNEO ga-agụnye[4]
Ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbe ọ ka na-arụ ọrụ n'ime usoro UN ma na-akọrọ ECOSOC, nhọpụta dị ka ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche ga-enye UNEO ohere "inweta nnwere onwe mmefu ego" na "ikwu ọtụtụ nkọwa nke mmemme ha". Tụkwasị na nke a, ịmepụta UNEO agaghị achọ nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndị otu UN, na "ịbụ onye otu UNEO na UN nwere ike ịdị iche".[5]
Ọdịdị UNEO
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche, usoro ụlọ ọrụ nke UNEO ga-agụnye òtù zuru oke, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ, na odeakwụkwọ. Ndị na-akwado UNEO na-atụ aro na ndị otu UNEO ga-ahọrọ ndị otu ndị isi, họpụta onye isi nchịkwa ma kwado mmefu ego na mmemme ọrụ. O yikarịrị ka ndị nnọchi anya ga-agụnye ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ site na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na òtù ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị na ndị nnọchianya nke ọha mmadụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị pụrụ iche nwere ndị isi nke na-ahụ maka na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mezuru ebumnuche ọrụ ya ma jikwaa mmefu ego. O yikarịrị ka ndị isi UNEO ga-akwadebe mmefu ego na ọrụ UNEO. Secretariat ga-abụ "ihe dị mkpa maka ọrụ niile nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, agbanyeghị enwere nnukwu ihe dị iche iche na nhazi nke Secretariats nke ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche dị iche iche.[6]
Ebumnuche na Ọrụ UNEO
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mba ndị metụtara ga-ekpebi kpọmkwem ikike na ọrụ nke UNEO, mana ha nwere ike ịdị ka nke UNEP. "A rụrịtara ụka na UNEO kwesịrị inye aka ijikọta ihe ọmụma sayensị na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ma nyere aka kọwaa ntuziaka atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ iji kwalite nhazi na mmekọrịta. " Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche dị ka WTO, ọ gaghị enwe ike ikpebi esemokwu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị na-akwado ya na-atụ aro na UNEO nwere ike ije ozi dị ka nzukọ nche anwụ, na-enyere aka ịhazi "ihe karịrị nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi 500 (MEA) na ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa na ndị na-eme ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị nkwekọrịta na gburugburu ebe obibi" ma mee ka ha dịkwuo irè ma ghara ịdị mkpa.
Nkwado UNEO
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]O yikarịrị ka UNEO ga-adabere na onyinye a tụlere, nke ga-ebelata nsogbu UNEP nke sitere na ịdabere na onyinye afọ ofufo. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche, UNEO ga-enwe ike ikpebi ihe nyocha nke ndị otu dị iche site na mmefu ego UN. O yikarịrị ka a ga-eji onyinye afọ ofufo mee ihe maka ọrụ ụfọdụ, mana onyinye a tụlere ga-akwụ ụgwọ maka mmefu ego nke UNEO.[7]
Mmegide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ndị na-akwado ịmepụta UNEO amụbaala, a ka na-atụ egwu n'etiti ọtụtụ steeti na ịmepụta UNEO ga-akwado iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na-emebi iwu ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị mmepe akụ na ụba na, ya mere, mkpochapụ ịda ogbenye. Steeti ụfọdụ na-eche na a ga-ebu ụzọ mee ka UNEP sie ike ma nye ya oge iji melite ọchịchị gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa tupu e mepụta UNEO.[8]
Atụmanya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndị na-eme iwu na ọ dị mkpa ka e wusie UNEP ike, na "n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2006, Kọmitii Ukwu nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu na UN System-wide Coherence in the Areas of Development, Humanitarian Assistance, and the Environment tụrụ aro na 'UNEP kwesịrị ịkwalite ma nwee ezigbo ikike dị ka ogidi iwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke usoro UN'".[9] Ọ bụ ezie na enweghị nkwekọrịta ka dị maka ma ịmepụta UNEO ọ dị mkpa, dị ka nkwupụta nke onye nnọchi anya mba France si kwuo, nkwado na-eto eto. "N'ịgbaso Paris Call for Action, e guzobere Group of Friends of the UNEO ma ugbu a nwere 52 States, na-ejikọta, ma e wezụga European Union, mba ndị si n'ógbè ọ bụla", ọtụtụ na-atụkwa anya na nchịkwa ọhụrụ na United States ga-eme ka okike nke UNEO dịkwuo mma.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Okpomọkụ ụwa
- International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
- Mgbanwe nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu
- Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu
- Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Doyle. "46 nations call for tougher U.N. environment role", Reuters, 2007-02-03. Retrieved on 2017-07-02.
- ↑ UNEP: Retrospect and prospect--options for reforming the Global Environmental Governance Regime
- ↑ International Environmental Governance: Strengthening UNEP. Archived from the original on 2010-05-28. Retrieved on 2023-08-19.
- ↑ A United Nations Environment Organization
- ↑ A United Nations Environment Organization
- ↑ A United Nations Environment Organization
- ↑ A United Nations Environment Organization
- ↑ A United Nations Environment Organization
- ↑ A United Nations Environment Organization
- Uneo -- Towards an International Environment Organization: Approaches to a Sustainable Reform of Global Environmental Governance by Andreas Rechkemmer (Ed.), Nomos Publishers (NOMOS - Verlagsgesellschaft (in German) ISBS, 2005, ISBN , 310 S., Brosch.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ịgafe ókèala nke ọbụbụeze: mkpa maka Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu, nke Rodolpho Valente Bayma
- EU Presidency Statement - United Nations 62nd General Assembly: General Debate, 15, na-achụso mmelite nke UNEP ka ọ bụrụ UNEO.
- FrancEonu.org, Permanent Mission nke France na United Nations na New York City.
- France-Diplomatie
- Elysee.fr bụ Onye isi ala nke mba ahụ, (n'asụsụ French)
- Ìgwè Ndị Enyi nke UNEO
- Mmetụta nke UNEO maka usoro iwu ụwa nke usoro ọchịchị gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa.
- A UN Environment Organization, nke Nils Meyer-Ohlendorf na Markus Knigge. Ihe ndị sitere na "Global Environmental Governance - Perspectives on the Current Debate", nke Center for UN Reform Education bipụtara na 2007.
- Agirpourlenvironnement.org
- Ihe omume gburugburu ebe obibi.de