Òtù Na-eleta Ụlọ Ọrụ
[1]Workhouse Visiting Society bụ achịcha hiwere na 1858 [1] [2] wee malite “iji kwalite omume ọma na ime nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ” na England na Wales. [3] Louisa Twining nke mpaghara Twinings tii hiwere otu a. [4] Ọ dị ka obere kọmitii nke National Association for Promotion of Social Sciences . E wepụrụ ya na 1865.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[2]N'afọ 1847, Louisa Twining: ileta onye akwụkwọ ochie nke ihe na site na ya ama aha dị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ. [1] N'afọ 1853, ọ gara mbụ mbụ ya n'ọrụ wee hụ na ọ juputara na ya, na nri nri, ihe ọcha na ngwaọrụ. [1] Mgbe nke ahụ mkpuchi, ọ gakwuuru Strand Union Poor Law Board maka ikike ikwe ka otu ụmụ ụmụ gaa n'otu n'ime ụlọ ya ma ọrụ na mbụ inye ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ụka na ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị dole ka ụmụ na-elekọta ndị agadi, ndị na-eto eto na ndị na-adịghị ike. Stand Union Poor Law Board na ndị na-egosi egosi ofufe ha wee kwe ka ahụ ahụ. [1] Na 1857, ọ akụkọ ikwusa ọnọdụ adịghị mma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ. [1] Na mgbakwunye, ọ gbara ndị otu National Association for the Promotion of Social Science ume ka ha guzobe ụzọ iji nye ndị nlekọta nkasi obi n'ime ihe na nke ike, na ime ka nsogbu na eze mara ọnọdụ adịghị mma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ. [1] Otu n'ime ndị ọrụ gbara ọnụ bụ Catharine Tait onye dịka Dean nke Carlisle na-onwe ya n'ime ileta ụlọ ọrụ obodo ya.
Na 1858 e hiwere Workhouse Visiting Society [1] na Twining ebute mbụ ya. [2] Ka ọ na-erule 1860, o nwere ndị òtù 140 na-arụsi ọrụ ike, bụ́ ndị gara leta ụlọ ọrụ 12 mepere emepe, e see ọtụtụ alaka mpaghara n'ịkpọ ndị ọzọ nke England. [3] Na 1863, ihe dabere na 23 New Ormond Street, Bloomsbury, London. [4] Ọrụ ndị otu ya mgbe ha na-eleta ụlọ ọrụ bụ imere ndị nche ebere. [2] Ndị otu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịkpọsa ọnọdụ adịghị mma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nke akwụkwọ ọmụmụ akwụkwọ nke ya. [5] Ndị obodo na-agbasi mbọ ike n'i ike ngwaọrụ ihe ndị na-egbochi mma. [3] O mekwara ka ndị ụkwụ ụgbọ dị otú ahụ Lord Shaftesbury tụlere okwu gbasara ụlọ ọrụ. [2] Otu nsogbu bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị otu Workhouse Visiting Society dị iche ikpuchi na imeri nsogbu ọdịnaya ụlọ ọrụ. [2] N'afọ 1865, a nsogbu ya. [3]
Nsogbu ndị Louisa Twining chere ihu bụ nke Catharine Tait mara na o hiwere otu ọhụrụ na nke yiri ya na-erigbu ikike nke di ya bụ Bishọp nke London na nhọrọ ndị otu ọ mepụtara site na ịkpọ ndị inyom na-achị achị ma ọ bụ ndị nwere njikọ nke ọma ka ha sonye. Ndị Ladies Diocesan Association ya na-arụ ọrụ site na 1865 ruo na narị afọ nke iri abụọ. [2]
N'agbata 1859 na 1865, mgbasa mmadụ Journal of the Workhouse Visiting Society, [1] nke Longman, Brown, Green, Longman na Roberts, London. [2] Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ozi na ngalaba gbasara ụlọ ọrụ.[4]
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Gordon (2001). "Workhouse Visiting Society", Dictionary of British Women's Organisations, 1825-1960. London & Portland, Or.: Woburn Press, 188. ISBN 0-7130-0223-9.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Poole (2014-02-05). Philanthropy and the Construction of Victorian Women's Citizenship: Lady Frederick Cavendish and Miss Emma Cons (in en). University of Toronto Press, 64–66. ISBN 978-1-4426-9354-8. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "lucy" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ McCrone. "Feminism and Philanthropy in Victorian England: the Case of Louisa Twining".
- ↑ Foster (2014). The Representation of the Workhouse in Nineteenth-Century Culture: PhD thesis.