Ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè

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Àtụ:Infobox medical condition (new)Ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè bụ ịga n'ihu na-aṅụ Mmanya na-aba n'anya na-agbanyeghị na ọ na-akpata nsogbụ Nkọwa ụfọdụ chọrọ ihe aka ebe nke ịdaberé na mwepụ́.[1] A kpoturụ aha iji mmanya na-aba n'anya eme ihe na ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme mbụ, World Health Organization (WHO) mere atụmatụ na e nwere nde mmadụ 283 nwere nsogbụ iji mmanya na ụba eme ihe n'ụwa niile ka dika nke afọ 2016.[2] Echepụtara Mkpụrụ okwụ bụ ịṅụbigaỊṅụbiga mmanya n'afọ 1852,ma ókèỊṅụbiga mmanya na Ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè na-akụda mmụọ ịchọ ọgwụgwọ, ya mere a na-eji okwu nchọpụta ahụike dịka Nsogbu iji mmanya na-aba n'anya ma ọ bụ ịdabere na mmanya na-egbu egbu. [3][4][5]

Mmanya na-aba n'anya na-eri ahụ, na ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè ogologo oge na-akpata ọtụtụ nsogbụ ahụike na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ nwere ike imebị Ụsoro akụkụ ahụ niile, mana ọ na-emetụta ụbụrụ, obi, imejị, pancreas na usoro ahụ iji alụso ọrịa ọgụ.[6][7] Iji mmanya na-aba n'anya eme ihe nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu ihi ụra, na nsogbụ ọgụgụ isi siri ike dị ka dementia, mmerụ ahụ ụbụrụ, ma ọ bụ Ọrịa Wernicke-Korsakoff. Mmetụta anụ ahụ gụnyere ịkụ obi na-adịghị mma, mmeghachi omume na-adịghị ike, cirrhosis imeju, ohere ọrịa kansa dị elu, na mgbaàmà siri ike ma ọ bụrụ na akwụsị na mberede.[1][2][8] Mmetụta ahụike ndị a nwere ike belata atụmanya ndụ site na afọ 10.[9] Ịṅụ mmanya n'ime ime nwere ike imerụ ahụike nwatakịrị ahụ, na Ịkwọ ụgbọala na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke ihe mberede okporo ụzọ dịkwuo elu.[10] A n'ejikọkwa ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè na mmụba nke ime ihe ike na mpụ na-abụghị ime ihe ike. [11] Ọ bụ ezie na ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè kpatara ọnwụ 139,000 n'ụwa niile n'afọ 2013, na n'afọ 2012 ọnwụ nde mmadụ 3.3 nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mmanya na-aba n'anya n'ụwa nile. [12][13]

A na-ekwụ na mmepe nke ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè na gburugburu ebe obibi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'otu ụzọ ahụ.[6] Iji mmanya na-aba n'anya na-agwọ onwe ya nrụgide ma ọ bụ nchegbu nwere ike ịghọ ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè.[14] Onye nwere nne ma ọ bụ nwanne ya nwoke nwere nsogbụ ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya nwere ike okpukpu atọ rụọ anọ karịa ya ka ọ ga-enwe nsogbụ ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè n'onwe ya, mana ọ bụ naanị mmadụ ole na ole n'ime ha na-eme.[1] Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi gụnyere mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọdịbendị na omume.[15] Ọnọdụ nrụgide dị elu na nchegbu, yana ọnụ ala mmanya na-aba n'anya na ịdị mfe ịnweta, na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ ahụ dịkwụo elu. [1] [16] Ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-aṅụ mmanya iji gbochie ma ọ bụ melite mgbaàmà nke ịkwụsị.[1] Mgbe mmadụ kwụsịrị ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya, ha nwere ike ịnwe ọkwa dị ala nke ịkwụsị ịṅụ mmanya rụọ ọtụtụ ọnwa.[1] N'ihe gbasara ọgwụ, a na-ewere ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè dị ka ọrịa anụ ahụ na nke uche.[17][18] A na-ejikarị ajụjụ eme ihe iji chọpụta ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè. [1] [19] A na-anakọta ozi ndị ọzọ iji kwado nchọpụta ahụ.[1][6]

  1. ↑ (2014) Understanding and Treating Alcoholism Volume I: An Empirically Based Clinician's Handbook for the Treatment of Alcoholism: Volume II: Biological, Psychological, and Social Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and Abuse. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-78314-5. “The World Health Organization defines alcoholism as any drinking which results in problems” 
  2. ↑ World Population Prospects – Population Division. United Nations.
  3. ↑ (1852) [[[:Àtụ:Google books]] Alcoholismus chronicus, eller Chronisk alkoholssjukdom]. Stockholm und Leipzig. Retrieved on 19 February 2008. 
  4. ↑ Morris (1 January 2022). "The 'alcoholic other': Harmful drinkers resist problem recognition to manage identity threat". Addictive Behaviors 124: 107093. DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107093. PMID 34500234. 
  5. ↑ Ashford (1 August 2018). "Substance use, recovery, and linguistics: The impact of word choice on explicit and implicit bias". Drug and Alcohol Dependence 189: 131–138. DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.005. PMID 29913324. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5, 5, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 490–97. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "DSM5" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NIHHx
  8. ↑ (October 2007) "Moderate alcohol consumption and the immune system: a review". The British Journal of Nutrition 98 (Suppl 1): S111-5. DOI:10.1017/S0007114507838049. PMID 17922947. 
  9. ↑ (November 2014) "Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)". The New England Journal of Medicine 371 (22): 2109–13. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. PMID 25427113. 
  10. ↑ Fetal Alcohol Exposure (14 September 2011). Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved on 9 May 2015.
  11. ↑ (2007-02-15) in Ritzer: The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, 1 (in en), Wiley. DOI:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosa039.pub2. ISBN 978-1-4051-2433-1. 
  12. ↑ ((GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators)) (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet 385 (9963): 117–71. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMID 25530442. 
  13. ↑ Alcohol Facts and Statistics. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved on 9 May 2015.
  14. ↑ (2012) "[Stress, epigenetics, and alcoholism]". Alcohol Research 34 (4): 495–505. PMID 23584115. 
  15. ↑ (April 2000) "[Genetic predisposition for alcoholism]". Therapeutische Umschau 57 (4): 179–84. DOI:10.1024/0040-5930.57.4.179. PMID 10804873. 
  16. ↑ (2012) "Stress, epigenetics, and alcoholism". Alcohol Research 34 (4): 495–505. PMID 23584115. 
  17. ↑ (April 2003) "Recognition of alcohol and substance abuse". American Family Physician 67 (7): 1529–32. PMID 12722853. 
  18. ↑ Health and Ethics Policies of the AMA House of Delegates (June 2008). Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved on 10 May 2015. “H-30.997 Dual Disease Classification of Alcoholism: The AMA reaffirms its policy endorsing the dual classification of alcoholism under both the psychiatric and medical sections of the International Classification of Diseases. (Res. 22, I-79; Reaffirmed: CLRPD Rep. B, I-89; Reaffirmed: CLRPD Rep. B, I-90; Reaffirmed by CSA Rep. 14, A-97; Reaffirmed: CSAPH Rep. 3, A-07)”
  19. ↑ (2018) "A review of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), AUDIT-C, and USAUDIT for screening in the United States: Past issues and future directions". The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 44 (6): 578–586. DOI:10.1080/00952990.2018.1456545. PMID 29723083. 
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