Ịchụ nta n'ala na Malaysia
| ihu nke | squatting  |
|---|---|
| mba/obodo | Malaysia |
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Squatting na Malaysia bụ ọrụ nke ụlọ ma ọ bụ ala ejighị ya ma ọ bụ nke arụrụ arụ na-enweghị ikike nke onye nwe ya. Ịkụkụba malitere mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị, iwu dị iche iche na-achịkwa ya. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, gọọmentị ekwupụtala ebumnobi ya ịdebe ndị squatters n'ụlọ dị ọnụ ala .
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, a na-enwechaghị squatting na Malaysia . Ntugharị nke ndị a chụpụrụ achụpụ mụbara n'oge ndị Japan na-achị n'etiti 1941 na 1945. [1] Ka ha na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe site na Alaeze Ukwu Britain, ndị agha nnwere onwe nke Malayan (MNLA) nwetara nkwado n'etiti ndị squatter China 500,000 bi na nsọtụ oke ọhịa. [2] [3] Iji gbochie ihe iyi egwu ahụ, a manyere ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị n'ogige ndị agha. [3] Mgbe nkwupụta nnwere onwe nke Malayan na 1957 gasịrị, ịgbagharị na Malaysia mụbara ka mba ahụ mepere emepe na ọtụtụ mmadụ si n'ime ime obodo kwaga isi obodo Kuala Lumpur . Ndị squatters weghaara ala gọọmentị ma na-ejupụta ebe dị ka igbutu okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko na ala apịtị. [4] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1970, atụmatụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị squatters na Kuala Lumpur sitere na 175,000 ruo 225,000 mmadụ. [1] Na 1973, 80% enweghị ọkụ eletrik, 75% enweghị mmiri pọmpụ na 35% enweghị ọwa mmiri. [1]
Iwu kwadoro
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Koodu Ala nke mba 1965 (Ngalaba 425) kọwara squatting dị ka ọrụ nke ala na-enweghị ikike n'aka ndị ọchịchị kwesịrị ekwesị. Iwu dị mkpa (Clearance of Squatters) 1969 kwuru na ihe ọ bụla a na-ewu n'ala na-enweghị ikike site n'aka ndị ọchịchị kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike iwere ya dị ka squatter. Na 1974, a gbanwere nke a iji kpuchie ala. [4] Otu ihe dị mkpa bụ Sidek bin Haji Mohamad & 461 Ors v Gọọmenti Malaysia (1982, 1 MLJ 313), nke kwadoro squatters enweghị ikike na iwu. [4] [5] Ịrụ ala nke steeti bụ mpụ ga-ata ntaramahụhụ ruru RM10,000 ma ọ bụ 1 afọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ma ọ bụ ha abụọ. [5] A naghị amata ihe onwunwe ọjọọ na Malaysia. [5]
Iwu 89 nke Iwu nke Ụlọikpe 2012 na-enye ohere ka ndị nwe ha kwuo na ha nwere ihe onwunwe nke ndị squatters nwere, ka a ga-emejuputa ya site na ederede nke ihe onwunwe. Mgbe iwu a metụtara, agbaala aka n'okwu ikpe dịka Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke Tekad Urus Sdn v Penduduk-penduduk yang Menduduki Kawasan yang dipanggil Desa Perwira (2004, 2 CLJ 516). [6]
Ihe omume na nso nso a
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka mpaghara Federal Khalid Abdul Samad kwupụtara na 2019 na gọọmentị bu n'obi idobe ndị squatters n'ụlọ dị ọnụ ala. [7] N'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na-efe efe na Malaysia, ndị si Palau gbadara na Kampung Sembulan Tenah . [8]
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Aiken (1981). "Squatters and Squatter Settlements in Kuala Lumpur". Geographical Review 71 (2): 158–175. DOI:10.2307/214185. ISSN 0016-7428.
- ↑ Bottiglieri (2000). How to defeat insurgencies: Searching for a counter-insurgency strategy.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ness (8 January 2021). Bureaucracy and Rural Development in Malaysia: A Study of Complex Organizations in Stimulating Economic Development in New States (in en). University of California. ISBN 978-0-520-36140-9.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ibrahim (2012). "Issues and Policies on the Aftermath of Squatters Resettlement: A Case Study on Kg. Desa Hormat Tambahan, Selangor". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 36: 698–706. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.076. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Procedia" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kader (14 December 2011). "Eviction of Unlawful Occupiers of Land in Malaysia – Judicial Responses and Policy" (in en). SSRN. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.2199758.
- ↑ Malaysia – The Problem With Squatters. Conventus Law (11 October 2017). Retrieved on 7 March 2021.
- ↑ Staff writer. "Khalid: Provide adequate houses to overcome squatter problems | Malay Mail", Malay Mail, 21 April 2019. Retrieved on 7 March 2021. (in en)
- ↑ Goh. "Squatting in the open amid the Covid scare | Daily Express Online – Sabah's Leading News Portal", Daily Express, 3 March 2021. Retrieved on 7 March 2021.
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Johnstone (December 1983). "Urban Squatters in Peninsular Malaysia: A Marginal Workforce or a Third World Proletariat?". The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 19 (3): 491–516. DOI:10.1177/144078338301900307.