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Ịchụgharị ákwà

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Na-akwadebe lasagna

Na permaculture, mpempe akwụkwọ mulch bụ usoro ọrụ ugbo anaghị gwupụta ahịhịa nke na-anwa iṅomi usoro iwu ụlọ n'ime ọhịa. Mgbe etinyere ya nke ọma yana jikọtara ya na ụkpụrụ permaculture ndị ọzọ, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta gburugburu ebe obibi ahụike, na-arụpụta ihe na nke dị ala..[1][2]

Ịme mpempe akwụkwọ, nke a makwaara dị ka composting na ebe, na-eṅomi ọdịdị site n'ịkwatu ihe ndị dị ndụ site na elu elu ala. Ụdị mulch nke kachasị mfe bụ itinye akwa oyi akwa nke ihe na-emebi emebi, dị ka kaadiboodu ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, n'ala iji gbuo ahịhịa ndị dị adị na ikpuchi ata. Mgbe ahụ, a na-etinye akwa oyi akwa nke organic mulch. Mkpokọta mpempe akwụkwọ kawapụtara na-agụnye ọtụtụ ọkwa. A na-eji mulching mpempe akwụkwọ na-agbanwe ụdị dị iche iche ka ọ bụrụ ala na-eme nri nke enwere ike ịkụ. Enwere ike iji mpempe akwụkwọ mulching n'osisi ahịhịa, ebe unyi jupụtara n'ahịhịa ndị na-adịgide adịgide, ebe ala na-adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ ọbụna pavement ma ọ bụ n'elu ụlọ.[3]

Usoro

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Ụdị ala okike.

Ihe nlereanya maka mulching mpempe akwụkwọ nwere usoro ndị a: [1] [3]

  1. A na-eme ka ebe a na-adọrọ mmasị dị larịị site n'ibelata ụdị osisi ndị dị ugbu a dị ka ahịhịa.
  2. A na-enyocha ala ma gbanwee pH ya (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa).
  3. A na-etinye mmiri n'ala (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa) iji mee ka ọrụ nke ndị na-emebi ihe dị mfe.
  4. A na-ekpuchi ala ahụ na obere ihe na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ emebi (nke a maara dị ka ihe mgbochi ahịhịa), nke a na-ahụkarị ka katọn. Nke a na-egbochi ahịhịa site na igbochi ìhè anyanwụ, na-agbakwunye ihe oriri n'ala ka ahịhịhịa na-emebi ngwa ngwa n'okpuru ihe mgbochi ahụ, ma na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke ihe na-eto eto.
  5. A na-agbakwunye ala (ihe dị ka 10 cm n'obosara) nke ala na-enweghị ahịhịa, nke jupụtara na ihe oriri, na mgbalị iṅomi ala dị n'elu, ma ọ bụ A horizon.[4] 
  6. A na-agbakwunye okpokoro (ihe karịrị sentimita iri na ise n'obosara) nke ahịhịa na-enweghị ahịhịhịa, osisi na akwụkwọ na mgbalị iji ṅomie ala ọhịa, ma ọ bụ O horizon.  N'echiche, ala dị njikere ugbu a ịnata mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ osisi ndị a na-achọsi ike.[5]

Mgbanwe na nchebara echiche

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  • Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-etinye ihe mgbochi ahụ ọnwa ole na ole tupu a kụọ ya iji hụ na mgbọrọgwụ nke mkpụrụ ọhụrụ a kụrụ ga-abanye.[3]
  • Ihe mgbochi ndị siri ike nwere ike ịkpata ọnọdụ anaerobic.
  • Ụfọdụ permaculturists na-etinye composting na nzọụkwụ 5 na / ma ọ bụ 6.[3]
  • Enwere ike iji mpempe akwụkwọ akụkọ na uwe mee ihe kama iji katọn.[3]
  • Tupu nzọụkwụ nke anọ, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ihe mbụ (2-3 kg / m2) nke ihe na-edozi ahụ (dị ka compost ma ọ bụ nsị) iji mee ka ọ gbasie ike.[1] 
  • Ụdị ahịhịa na ahịhịhịa ụfọdụ nwere ike ịba uru n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. Enwere ike ịchịkwa ma jiri osisi ndị dị otú ahụ mee ihe kama ikpochapụ ha.[1] Hụkwa: mulch, ndepụta nke ahịhịa bara uru.
  • Otu ụdị nke mulching, nke a na-akpọ Hügelkultur, na-agụnye iji osisi na alaka e liri dị ka akwa mbụ nke àkwà.

Uru ya

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Sheet mulch nwere uru dị mkpa karịa usoro ndị a ma ama, dị ka ịkọ ugbo, ịkọ ugbo ma ọ bụ itinye ọgwụ herbicides:

  • Imeziwanye ahụike na mmepụta nke osisi ndị a na-achọsi ike.[1]
  • Nchịkọta nke mmiri na ihe oriri na nkwụsi ike nke okirikiri biochemical.[1]
  • Imeziwanye Ọdịdị ala, ndụ ala, na mgbochi nke mbuze ala. [1] [6]
  • Izere ọgwụ ahụhụ nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ, ọkachasị ọgwụ ahịhịa. [7]
  • Mbelata nke ọrụ mmezi na ọnụahịa.[6]
  • Enwere ike ịnakọta ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị achọrọ iji mee ka mpempe akwụkwọ dị iche iche n'efu, a pụkwara iji ihe dochie anya ndị dị mfe n'ebe ụfọdụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mpaghara ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, na obodo ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ike imebi ahịhịa na nsị.[3]

Ọghọm ya

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  • Ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ahịhịa (dị ka nke Ahịhịa Bermuda na ụdị bindweed) nwere ike ịnọgide n'okpuru ihe mgbochi na n'ime ala mkpụrụ.[3]
  • A na-adọta ahịhịa n'ógbè ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ha bụ akụkụ okike nke gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-agbanwe ihe mgbochi ahịhịa ka ọ bụrụ ala bara ọgaranya, ha nwere ike ịkpata ihe ize ndụ nye ihe owuwu osisi dị nso.
  • Ọnụ ọgụgụ Slug nwere ike ịbawanye n'oge mmalite nke ire ure. Otú ọ dị, a pụrụ idebe ha ma ọ bụ kpụrụ ha ihe.[3]
  • Usoro a nwere ike ịchọ ihe ndị dị ndụ mgbe niile, ọ dịkarịa ala n'oge mmalite.[1]
  • Ụmụ anụmanụ na-agagharị agagharị nwere ike ịkwụsị usoro mkpuchi akwụkwọ.[1]

Hụkwa

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  • Agroecology
  • Ọrụ ugbo gburugburu ebe obibi
  • Nhazi gburugburu ebe obibi
  • Ụzọ gburugburu ebe obibi
  • Ịkọ ubi n'ọhịa

Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Elevitch (1998). Sheet Mulching: Greater Plant and Soil Health for Less Work. Agroforestry.net. Archived from the original on December 10, 2002. Retrieved on November 9, 2011.
  2. ↑ Mason (2003). Sustainable Agriculture, Second, Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO. ISBN 978-0-643-06876-6. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Hemenway (2009). Gaia's Garden: A Guide to Home-Scale Permaculture, 2nd, White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Pub.. ISBN 978-1-60358-029-8. 
  4. ↑ Łachacz (March 2023). "Transformation of Organic Soils Due to Artificial Drainage and Agricultural Use in Poland" (in en). Agriculture 13 (3): 634. DOI:10.3390/agriculture13030634. ISSN 2077-0472. 
  5. ↑ Stout. "Ruth Stout's System", Mother Earth News, February–March 2004. Retrieved on November 9, 2011.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sheet Mulching. StopWaste.Org. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved on November 9, 2011.
  7. ↑ Sheet Mulching from the Ground Up. Water Conservation Program. City of Santa Barbara (March 11, 2014). Archived from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved on May 8, 2022.
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