Ịda ogbenye na Haiti
Ịda ogbenye na Haiti bụ nsogbu na-adịgide-adịgide nke na-emetụta ndị bi na- ya kwa ụbọchị na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ndụ ha kwa ụbọchị. Nsogbu ndị gụnyere ụlọ, nri n'edozi ahụ, agụma akwụkwọ, nlekọta ahụike, ọnụọgụ ọnwụ ụmụaka, na ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'etiti obodo ndị kasị daa ogbenye na mba ahụ. Haiti anọwo na-alụ ọgụ na ọnọdụ ibi ndụ dị njọ n'ime ime obodo nke mba ahụ na-eme ka ọtụtụ ndị Haiti kwaga n'isi obodo Port-au-Prince. A na-ewere ịda ogbenye na Haiti dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị njọ na Western hemisphere.
Ọrụ ugbo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'inwe ala ugwu karịa Switzerland, Haiti nwere obere ala ana-akọ ugbo. Dabere na nyocha ala nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States mere na mbido afọ 1980, na pasenti11.3% nke ala ahụ dị mma maka ihe ọkụkụ, ebe pasenti 31.7% dị mma na ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi metụtara mbuze, ọdịdị ala, ma ọ bụ nchekwa. Nnyocha ndị ahụ kpughere na onu ogugu pasenti 2.3% bụ nke na-adịghị mma n'ihi mmiri na-adịghị, mana ọ dị mma maka ịkọ osikapa, ebe 54.7% kwesịrị ekwesị naanị maka ihe ọkụkụ osisi ma ọ bụ ebe ịta nri n'ihi nnukwu mbuze ma ọ bụ ndagwurugwu. Dabere na atụmatụ nke iji ala eme ihe na afo 1978, 42.2% nke ala nọ n'okpuru ọrụ ugbo na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, 19.2% bụ ala ịta ahịhịa, na 38.6% anaghị arụ ọrụ.
Ojiji nke ihe ndị a zụrụ, dị ka fatịlaịza, ọgwụ ahụhụ, ígwè ọrụ, na ịgba mmiri, bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ihi na ndị ọrụ ugbo na Haiti na-eji usoro ọrụ ugbo ọdịnala. Haiti na-eji usoro ọrụ ugbo ọdịnala karịa mba ọ bụla ọzọ dị na Western Hemisphere n'ihi ọnụahịa na enweghị ngwá ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ. Obere ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enwetakwa ego n'oge nke na-emetụta ikike ha nwere iji nweta ego na ihe ọkụkụ ụfọdụ na oge uto. Mgbe a na-akwụ ụgwọ, a na-enyekarị ya na ọnụego dị ala nke mere ka ụlọ ọrụ akwụ ụgwọ dị n'ógbè ahụ malite. Nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ego ọha na eze n'agbazinye ego na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo, mana ọ na-erite uru na-erughị pasenti 10% nke ndị ọrụ ugbo niile. Isi mmalite ego gụnyere nke akporo na bekeeAgricultural Credit Bureau, Agricultural Credit Societies, Credit Unions, Cooperatives, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị mepụtara.
CIA World Factbook[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'afọ 2015, ndi akporo na bekee The World Factbook mere atụmatụ na ngụkọta ngwaahịa mba na Haiti ga-abụ ijeri onu ego US $ 18.54 site na The World Fact Book, nke dị na 146 (n'ime mba 230) n'ụwa.[1] Ọ bụ ezie na uto GDP na Haiti so n'ime ngwa ngwa na mpaghara ahụ, o ezughị iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye.
| Ubi | Haiti |
|---|---|
| GDP (ike ịzụta): | ijeri $ 18.54 (nke a na-akpọ 2014). |
| GDP - kwa onye (PPP): | $1,800 (nke a na-akpọ 2014) |
| Ogologo oge ndụ a mụrụ ya: | Afọ 63.18 (2014 est.) |
| Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmụba nke ndị mmadụ: | 1.08% (2014 bụ) |
| Mmefu ahụike: | 9.4% nke GDP (2013) |
| Ịgụ na ide: | ngụkọta nke ndị bi na ya: 60.7% (2015 bụ) |
Usoro Mmepe nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndi akporo ndi otu The United Nations Development Program mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye nke mba n'afo 2014 na 58.6%, na ndị bi na ịda ogbenye dị oke egwu na pasenti 24.7%.[2]
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a akọrọ banyere UNDP Millennium Development Goals (MDG) bụ ndị a:
pasenti 1% kachasị baa ọgaranya nke ndị Haiti nwere otu akụ na ụba ahụ dị ka pasenti 45% nke nkesa ego. E nwere ntọala ọhụrụ nke ịda ogbenye na Haiti, dabere na oriri. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye nke mba ahụ bụ 58.6%, ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda oghere nke oke bụ 24.7%.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị debanyere aha na agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ mụbaa site na pasenti 47% n' afo 1993 ruo pasenti 88% n' afo 2011. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka a gbara ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa kịtịkpa mụbara site na pasenti 25.80% na 1987 ruo pasenti 85% n'afo 2013. N'ime ime obodo, pasent iri asaa na ise nke ụmụaka a mụrụ ka na-enweghị enyemaka nke ndị ọrụ ruru eru na obstetrics. N'obodo ukwu, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na-amụ nwa site na enyemaka ahụike - ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 60%. Mgbasawanye HIV / AIDS akwụsịghị n'etiti ndị na-eto eto Haiti dị afọ 15-24, site na 1% na 2006 ruo 0.9% n'afo 2012.
Nrụrụ aka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'afọ 2014, Haiti bụ mba nke iri na ise kachasị arụ arụ ọrụ n'ụwa site na nke akporor Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index na akara CPI nke iri na itoolu (19), ma e jiri ya tụnyere akara United States nke 74.[3] The Corruption Perceptions Index na-atụle ọkwa a na-ahụ maka nrụrụ aka ọha na eze n'ụwa niile. Ọ dịghị mba na-enweta akara zuru oke, ihe karịrị ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ na-enweta n'okpuru 50 na ọkwa site na 0 (nnọọ nrụrụ aka) ruo 100 (obere nrụrụ aka).
Nnyocha nke akporo na bekee Transparency International mere na-egosi njikọ siri ike n'etiti nrụrụ aka na ịda ogbenye. Nrụrụ aka nwere ike imetụta ọtụtụ ngalaba nke mba na-akpata nsogbu na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na akụ na ụba. Nrụrụ aka zuru ebe niile nwere ike iduga n'ihe ndị na-egbochi usoro ọchịchị mba dị ka: ọnụego uto akụ na ụba dị ala, usoro ụtụ isi na-ezighị ezi, ọdịiche dị ukwuu n'etiti ndị ọgaranya na ndị ogbenye, mmejuputa mmemme mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, mmefu ego dị ala, na- ohere agụ makwụkwọ na-ahaghị nhata.[4]
Ọ bụ ezie na Haiti nwere ọganihu akụ na ụba dị elu maka mpaghara ahụ, ọtụtụ mmemme mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na mbelata ọnụ ahịa agụmakwụkwọ, nnyocha egosila na ndị n'enye onyinye mba ụwa ejirila nwayọ nyere Haiti aka, ọkachasị n'ihi nrụrụ aka zuru ebe niile na nsogbu nhazi dị na mba ahụ.[5]
Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na-eme atụmatụ na ngụkọta nke ijeri onu ego US $ 13.34 [6] e wepụtara maka ala,ọma jijiji Haiti nke afo 2010 nke kpatara ijeri onu ego $ 7.8 na mmebi, [7] Otú ọ dị, afọ abụọ mgbe ihe ahụ mere, e kenyere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke ego ahụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi akụkụ dị ukwuu nke nrụrụ aka nke gọọmentị Haiti, ma ihe na-erughị 5% nke enyemaka Humanitarian ka a na-esi na ya. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ UN nke onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche maka Haiti si kwuo, ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2012, ndị na-enye onyinye na mba abụọ na mba dị iche iche nyere ma ọ bụ nye ha ego enyemaka na 2010 na 2011, ọ bụ naanị 1% ka e kwere Gọọmentị Haiti nkwa [8]
Ọnwụ ụmụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Haiti anọwo na-alụ ọgụ ogologo oge na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọnwụ ụmụaka ọbụna n'etiti mba ndị dara ogbenye. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka na-anwụ na Haiti nke onu ego iri ise na ato ọnwụ kwa 1,000 a mụrụ dị ndụ (na 2011) [9] bụ nsonaazụ nke usoro nlekọta ahụike na-adịghị mma, oke ịda ogbenye, na mmetụta nke ọrịa AIDS.[7] Mba ahụ nwere ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na ihe ngosi ahụike, na ọnwụ ụmụaka na-ebelata 44% kemgbe 1990, ngwa ngwa karịa nkezi ụwa, dị ka akụkọ 2014 United Nations Development Program si kwuo.[2]
| N'okpuru afọ 1 (n'ime 1,000 ọmụmụ dị ndụ) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Afọ | Ọnwụ | |
| 1990 | 99 | |
| 2009 | 64 | |
| 2011 | 53 | |
| N'okpuru afọ 5 (n'ime 1,000 ọmụmụ dị ndụ) | ||
| Afọ | Ọnwụ | |
| 1990 | 143 | |
| 2009 | 87 | |
| 2011 | 70 | |
Enweghị nhata[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Haiti nọ n'ọnọdụ 59.5 na Gini Coefficient index, ebe pasenti 10% kachasị baa ọgaranya nke ndị Haiti na-enweta 47.83% nke ego mba ahụ na-enweta, ebe pasenti 10% kacha daa ogbenye na-enweta ihe na-erughị 0.9% . [10]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na onwa April 17, afo 1825, eze France (Charles X) nyere iwu na-ekwu na France ga-anabata nnwere onwe Haiti, mana naanị na ọnụahịa nke 150 nde francs okpukpu iri nke ego US kwụrụ maka ókèala Louisiana. Ebumnuche nke ego ahụ bụ iji kwụọ ndị France na-achị ala maka ego ha furu efu site na ịgba ohu. Akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere n'oge ahụ na-ekpughe na eze France maara na gọọmentị Haiti enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ndị a, ebe ngụkọta ahụ karịrị okpukpu iri nke mmefu ego Haiti kwa afọ. Baron de Mackau, onye Charles X zigara iji nyefee iwu ahụ, rutere Haiti na Julaị, ya na ndị agha agha 14 na-ebu ihe karịrị egbe 500. N'ihi egwu nke ime ihe ike, na July 11, 1825, onye isi ala Haiti bụ Jean-Pierre Boyer bịanyere aka na akwụkwọ ahụ, nke kwuru, "Ndị bi ugbu a n'akụkụ French nke St. Domingue ga-akwụ ... n'ime ego ise hà nhata ... ego nke onu ogugu 150,000,000 francs, nke a kara aka iji kwụọ ndị bụbu ndị na-achị ala ahụ. "Ndị nchọpụta achọpụtala na ụgwọ nnwere onwe na nsị nke akụrụngwa Haiti kpatara ọ bụghị naanị maka enweghị ego maka agụmakwụkwọ na Haiti, kamakwa enweghị ike nlekọta ọha na eze na mmepe.[11]
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ihe kpatara ịda ogbenye na Haiti
- Ihe osise
- Ndị Haiti Mulatto
- Ebe a na-eri nri
- Santo Domingo
- Ọnọdụ ọha na eze na Haiti
- Ime ihe ike na Haiti
Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Central America and Caribbean :: Haiti. The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved on 2015-05-30.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Haiti boosts health and education in the past decade, says new UNDP report. UNDP (25 June 2014). Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved on 30 May 2015.
- ↑ 2014 Corruption Perception Index--Results. Transparency International (2014). Archived from the original on 2015-12-02. Retrieved on 2014-12-03.
- ↑ Gupta (1998). "Does Corruption Affect Income Inequality and Poverty?". IMF Working Papers: 4–5.
- ↑ Raymond. "Donors need to trust Haitians to rebuild their country | Prospery Raymond", The Guardian, 2011-04-04. Retrieved on 2020-05-10. (in en-GB)
- ↑ What does Haiti have to show for the US$13 billion in earthquake aid?-NBC News.com. NBC News (January 2015).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Haiti. Retrieved on 11 April 2015.
- ↑ Knox (12 January 2015). 5 Years After Haiti's Earthquake, Where Did The $13.5 Billion Go? (en). NPR.org. Retrieved on 2020-05-10.
- ↑ "At a glance: Haiti". UNICEF. Retrieved 2013-11-29.
- ↑ Tradingeconomics – Income distribution in Haiti
- ↑ How France extorted Haiti for one of the greatest heists in geopolitical history (4 July 2020).