Ịda ogbenye na Lebanọn

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[1]Ịda ogbenye na Lebanon na-ezo aka n mfe iche iche.  Nke, ọ mbụ na-ezo aka na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na isiokwu ndị bi n'okpuru oke ego ogbenye, nke edobere dị ka nha ego-metric.  Uzo a bu ihe kachasi nkiti na ihe nlere anya nke ogbenye.  Otú ọ dị, ndị na-akpata na Lebanon kwere ka echiche nke echiche dị iche anya: ego ogbenye multidimensional .  Ịda ogbenye multidimensional na-eburu n'uche nke ego nke nwere ike ọ na-emepụta ihe ego: Ndị bi na Lebanon nwere ike pụpụ ngwaọrụ, ọgwụ, ọrụ, ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ mgbe ha na-adịghị dara ogbenye n'  ụzọ ihe

[2]A na-ewere Lebanon dị ka mba na-akpata ego tupu akụ na mụrụ 2019 na nsogbu akụ na mana, ike n'oge ahụ, ahaghị nhata bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị elu n'ụwa [1] [2]  na 28% nke ndị bi na-ebi n'okpuru ego ogbenye, dị ka ego ogbenye.  na egwuregwu nke Central Administration of Statistics na World Bank mere na 2011. [3] Na 2021, ka obodo ahụ nnukwu nsogbu akụ na-enye, [4] United Nations mere mmemme na ihe ụmụaka mụrụ nke abụọ nke ndị bi na ya  bi na ego ogbenye multidimensional.

Nzụlite akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

.Dị ka Fawwaz Traboulsi si kwuo, Lebanon na-emeso ndị ogbenye mgbe niile dị ka ihe na mba ọzọ nke obodo Lebanon.  Laa azụ mgbe e sere Lebanọn Ukwu ahụ, ọ na-arụ ụka na e sere ndị ogbenye dị ka ndị sitere na "ihe mgbakwunye na mpaghara ndị a gbakwunyere n'Ugwu Lebanon na n'elu osimiri iji Lebanon ka ukwuu."  [1] Nke a mgbasa ozi na-eme nke ọma ka ndị ogbenye nsogbu isiokwu na-ahụ nke ọha mmadụ [1] na n'eche echiche, ọkọlọtọ,

Dị ka Lama Karame si kwuo, ịda ogbenye na ọdịmma na Lebanon si otú a bụrụ ebe nchekwa nke ndị ama ama na ụlọ ọrụ okpukpe. [3] Ruo taa, ịda ogbenye na Lebanon na-emekarị ihe site n'akụkụ ọrụ ebere na onyinye ọ bụghị site n'echiche nke ikike ụmụ amaala na ọrụ obodo.

Oge Chehab (1958–1964)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ime afɔ isii nke onye isi oche Fouad Chehab, Lebanọn malite mba mbụ iji nye nsogbu na eze na ịlụso ndị ogbenye.  Ọ bụ onye mbụ nakweere slogan nke "mmepe ziri ezi": [1] O bu n'obi ịhụ na mpaghara Lebanon kacha ?  Na 1959, Chehab nkeji Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọha na Ọha na-ahụ maka ndị ogbenye, na-esote agha 1958 .  Mana dị ka Karame siri kwuo, Chehab gbabara n'ihe akwụkwọ ya na ụlọ ọrụ dị adị, ndị na-aa mpi n'otu mpaghara.  [2] N'ihi ya, Chehab mebiri: Ngalaba na-ahụ maka nsogbu nsogbu na-eme ihe atumatu ya site n'aka ndị a nọọrọ onwe ha ma emetụta ọrụ ha, kama ibuga nsogbu na eze

[4] [5]Otú ọ dị, oge ngosi ngosi n'ezie nke ọnọdụ ibi ndụ n'etiti ndị bi na Lebanọn.  Na 1959, Chehab nyere ikike IRFED ( Institut de Recherches et de Formation en vue de Développement</link> ) iji hazie ọkụ ihe na mba niile.  Turn ya bụ inyere ndị Ministry of Plan aka , n'etiti ndị ọzọ, mkpa ndị na ibe ya na akụ na nke ndị mmadụ.  The ọkụ na-agwụagwụ na 1963 na Ministry of Plan mgbe wuru na ya na-agwa ya master plan maka ihe nke Lebanon.  [1] Otú ọ dị, o akụkụ Ministri Atụmatụ ahụ aka ihe ngosi usoro ihe omume ndị rụpụtara ike n'ezie.  Ka ọ na-erule 1974, Lebanon emechiela okporo ụzọ gaa n'obodo nta niile, weta mmiri oriri na 94% nke ndị Lebanon na ọkụ eletrị site na grid ruo 99%.

Agha obodo (1975–1990)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Dị ka Karame si kwuo, agha obodo Lebanọn kwalitere otu echiche nke mpaghara obodo na-echere nke steeti.  [1] Ndị otu ọ elala na-ese okwu ahụ usoro ọrụ ebere nke ya iji kwado ndị bi na ya na-agbasọ usoro dabere na aha aha aha.

N'afọ 1977, a na-arụ ụka ụka n'iji Ministri nke Atụmatụ eme ihe n'etiti ndị na-asụ ụzọ ebe ọ na-emezughị akwụkwọ ọ ruo ruo ugbu a.  [1] N'otu afọ ahụ, Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) ndị na-arịa Lebanon na mbọ ọrụ ya.  Mana ọ nwa onye na-eme egwuregwu ihe iche ka onye ọrụ n'ala.  N'ihi ya, iwu iwu (5/1977) isi Ministry of Plan na Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) nke isi ụgbọ ala maka ego isi mba ụwa.

Agha obodo na nwughari mgbe aghachara (1990s ruo taa)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ịtụ ịda ogbenye na Lebanon[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọnụ ọgụgụ gọọmentị Lebanon dị ụkọ nke ukwuu: nke ikpeazụ, na mba dum, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ ka emere na 1932. [6] N’ihi ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị gọọmenti kwuru banyere ịda ogbenye dị ntakịrị.

[7]The Central Administration of Statistics (CAS), ya na World Bank, na-agbanyeghị na-arụ ọrụ na-atụ egwu ogbenye na-eji ọtụtụ proxies.  Na 2004 na ụzo na 2011-2012, CAS na World Bank mere ihe gbasara ekpofu ego, ụda, mgbasa ozi nke ụkọ n'etiti ihe ndị Lebanọn.  nsogbu ndị a bụ proxies na ndị otu mere ha ajụjụ ha jụrụ ha

Nyocha gbasara mmefu ego ezinụlọ nke afọ 2011–2012[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

furu ego egwuregwu nke afọ 2011-2012 mere atụmatụ na 27% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ahapụ n'okpuru ahịrị ego ogbenye, ihe na £ L 4,729,000 kwa onye kwa afọ (US $ 3,137 na ike ike n'oge ahụ)  .

Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Multidimensional poverty in Lebanon (2019-2021) Painful reality and uncertain prospects. UN ESCWA. Policy Brief 2. 3 September 2021. https://www.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/news/docs/21-00634-_multidimentional_poverty_in_lebanon_-policy_brief_-_en.pdf
  2. ↑ Lebanon: Almost three-quarters of the population living in poverty (en). UN News (2021-09-03). Retrieved on 2021-12-23.
  3. ↑ Karame (2020-05-26). Manufacturing Poverty in Lebanon (en-US). Legal Agenda. Retrieved on 2021-12-23.
  4. ↑ Fawaz Mohammad: « L’Aménagement du territoire et l’environnement au Liban depuis l’Indépendance », dans la Lettre de l’ORBR/CERMOC n° 11, p. 7
  5. ↑ Salti (2010). "The Role of Sectarianism in the Allocation of Public Expenditure in Postwar Lebanon". International Journal of Middle East Studies 42 (4): 637–655. ISSN 0020-7438. 
  6. ↑ Lebanon - Population. countrystudies.us. Retrieved on 2022-04-18.
  7. ↑ Central Administration of Statistics (CAS) and The World Bank (8 December 2015). Measuring poverty in Lebanon using 2011 HBS - Technical report.
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