Ịda ogbenye na South America

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Ịda ogbenye na South America
aspect in a geographic region
ihu nkeịda ogbenye Dezie
kọntinentSouth Amerika Dezie

'Ịda ogbenye na South America juru ebe niile n'ọtụtụ obodo ya. Ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye kacha elu n'otu mmadụ bụ Suriname, Bolivia na Venezuela . [1] Mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na mpaghara ahụ emeela ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ụfọdụ mba ndị a. N

ozuzu, ọtụtụ akụ na ụba South America </link> gbalịsiri ike imeri ịda ogbenye na ụkpụrụ akụ na ụba siri ike, ntinye ego nke mba ọzọ kpọmkwem na mmejuputa atumatu microeconomic iji belata ịda ogbenye. </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

Ọnọdụ site na mba[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Argentina[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Argentina bụ otu n'ime mba abụọ hụgoro ngbanwe dị elu na ndị ogbenye ya na 2017. Edere ndị ogbenye ya na 27.5% na 32% na 2018. [2] Ndị nkatọ nke nyocha INDEC gọọmentị na-ebo ebubo na ma ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa ejiri tụọ ịda ogbenye yana usoro mmefu ego ezinụlọ nke gọọmentị n'onwe ha bụ nke a na-akọwachaghị. Ahịrị ịda ogbenye nke gọọmentị na-enweta abawanyela 150% n'etiti 2001 na mmalite 2010; mana ọtụtụ nyocha nke onwe nke ọnọdụ ezinụlọ na Argentina na-eme atụmatụ ya na ọkara ọzọ dịka ọnụ ụzọ gọọmentị, [3] na ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye dị irè na gburugburu 25% nke ndị bi na ya. [4] [5] Atụmatụ ịda ogbenye zuru oke, dị ka atụpụtara site na enweghị ike izute obere mmefu ego oriri na-edozi ahụ, dịkwa iche: ọnọdụ a gụnyere 3.5% nke ndị bi na eze, na gburugburu 10% kwa atụmatụ nzuzo. [4]

Ịda ogbenye na Argentina dịgasị iche iche dị ka mpaghara si dị, ógbè ndị dị na mgbago ugwu ejirila ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye kasị elu nke mba ahụ kwado. Atụmatụ ịda ogbenye na-akpata na mpaghara a sitere na gburugburu 20% n'ihu ọha, [6] ruo ihe karịrị 40% na atụmatụ nzuzo; [5] Ọnọdụ ibi ndụ na-ezighi ezi metụtara ihe dịka 30% nke ndị bi na mpaghara a na Mgbakọ 2001. [7] Obodo Buenos Aires kwesịrị ekwesị, Santa Cruz na Tierra del Fuego Provinces na-erite uru site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye kacha ala nke mba (ihe dịka 7 ruo 14%, dabere na nha). [7] [5] Ọtụtụ mmemme mmekọrịta ọha na eze Argentina, ewezuga ndị metụtara ahụike, bụ ndị National Social Security Administration (ANSES) na-elekọta. Ndị Argentine nọ n'ọrụ na-enweta ihe na-erughị pesos 4,800 (US $ 1,230) kwa ọnwa, tozuru oke maka alụm di na nwunye, ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ nkuchi nwa, maka ezumike ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ nlekọta ime nwa, yana maka nkwarụ na nwatakịrị, yana maka a obere uru mkpuchi enweghị ọrụ ruo ọnwa isii. [8] Mmemme enyemaka ịda ogbenye kacha mkpa nke ANSES na-elekọta bụ ikike nwata nke eluigwe na ala. A na-ekenye uru, nke pesos 180 (US$46) kwa ọnwa maka ụmụaka nde 3.7 na-erubeghị afọ 18 (30% nke mkpokọta mba ahụ), ma gụnye nkwụnye ego nke 20% nke ndenye ego n'ime akaụntụ nchekwa ego enwere ike ịnweta naanị mgbe ọ gasịrị. asambodo ndebanye aha nwa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ . [9]

A na-anabata mkpa ahụike nke ndị ogbenye nọ na Argentina (yana ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ) usoro ụlọ ọgwụ ọha, nke natara ego ihe ruru ijeri US $ 8 na 2009, yana onye nlekọta nlekọta ya na-adakarị na sistemụ. dabere na klaasị etiti na nke elu nke mba ( ụlọ ọrụ ahụike na mkpuchi ahụike nkeonwe); PAMI na-elekọta nlekọta ahụike maka ndị ogbenye (na ọtụtụ ndị na-abụghị ndị ogbenye) ndị agadi . The National Housing Fund (FONAVI) na ndị nọchiri ya, Provincial Housing Institutes, eritewokwa uru na ndị ogbenye site ikwado ohere ọnụ ụlọ, [10] na kemgbe 1976, emechala ihe karịrị otu nde ụlọ. Ọgba aghara mmekọrịta ọha na eze n'oge ahụ kpaliri ntinye nke Mmemme maka ndị isi ezinụlọ na-enweghị ọrụ na mmalite 2002, na n'ogo ya na 2003, ihe dị ka nde mmadụ abụọ na-erite uru natara kaadị debit nke ruru 150 pesos (US $ 50) maka ọrụ nwa oge; site n'afọ 2010, mmetụta atụmatụ a nwere n'ọrụ abụrụla ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha. [11]

Peru[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  Site na 2000 ruo 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye Peru gbadara site na 54.7% ruo 20.5%. [12] Ngụkọta ịda ogbenye nke mba ahụ bụ 20.5%. [13]

Dị ka World Bank si kwuo, Peru emeela ọganihu dị ukwuu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na mmepe. O nweela ihe ịga nke ọma na "ọnụego uto dị elu, ọnụ ahịa dị ala, nkwụsi ike macroeconomic, mbelata ụgwọ dị n'èzí na ịda ogbenye na ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na ihe ngosi ọha na eze na mmepe". Agbanyeghị, 1.4% nke ndị bi n'obodo mepere emepe Peru bi n'okpuru oke ịda ogbenye, ebe ndị ime obodo nọ na 19.7%. Mbelata nke ahaghị nhata emeela na Peru, mana ahaghị nhata ka dị elu, yana akara GINI nke 0.45. [14]

Obodo a na-ata ahụhụ site na obere ọrụ ego, nkà nkuzi na-adịghị mma n'ime ime obodo, yana enweghị uru zuru oke maka nlekọta ahụike bụ isi na nsogbu na-adịghị ala ala nke obodo ahụ nwere. Ndị ogbenye bi n'ime ime obodo nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ka ukwuu maka ọrịa ahụ ike n'ihi na ha enweghị mmiri dị ọcha na idebe ihe ọcha.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ amụbaala, nke a na-akpatakwa ịda ogbenye n'ihi na obodo ndị dị na mba ahụ na-ejupụta n'ọgbakọ. N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga Peru na-egosi ntakịrị ọganihu na usoro ọdịmma ọha na eze na ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye oriri . Usoro ọdịmma ọha na eze na-agakwuru ndị ogbenye n'ihi na gọọmentị na-enwetakwu ego. [15] Ọnụ ego ịda ogbenye oriri na-adị ntakịrị site na 19% ruo 15%, mana a ka nwere ọtụtụ nde ndị Peruvian na-ata ahụhụ site na ịda ogbenye siri ike.

Uruguay[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Site na 2022, 9.1% nke ndị bi na-anọgide n'okpuru ahịrị ịda ogbenye. [16] N'ihi nke a, ọ bụ otu n'ime mba ndịda America nwere oke ịda ogbenye. [17]

Ịda ogbenye ego na Uruguay, nke akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ala site n'ụkpụrụ mpaghara, abawanyela nke ukwuu n'oge mba ahụ na mgba na - adịghị ala ala site na 1960 ruo etiti 1980s; site na 1986 ruo 1999, Otú ọ dị, ịda ogbenye ego na-akpata dara nke ukwuu, site na 46% ruo 15%. [18] Mbelata site na nsogbu ego mbụ na Argentina gbara agbata obi nyere aka bute ịmalite ịda ogbenye, ruo 27%, ka ọ na-erule 2006, n'agbanyeghị na 2008, a tụrụ mbelata ọnụego ya na gburugburu 24%, ebe 2.2% nke ndị bi na ya ka dị. na oke ịda ogbenye; Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ, ndị ogbenye nọ na Uruguay na-ata ahụhụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ dị elu karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ (27%, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkezi nke 7.5%). [19] Ọnụego ịda ogbenye zuru oke na Uruguay, tụrụ dị ka akụkụ nke UN Human Development Index, bụ 3.0% na 2009, ma bụrụ nke kachasị ala na Latin America. [20]

Venezuela[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

As of 2011.[21]

Otu akụkọ United Nations mere atụmatụ na Machị 2019 na 94% nke ndị Venezuela bi na ịda ogbenye. [22] [23]

Ka ọ na-erule 2021, 94.5% nke ndị bi na-ebi na ịda ogbenye dabere na ego ha nwetara dịka nyocha ọnọdụ ọnọdụ obibi ndụ nke mba (ENCOVI), nke 76.6% bi n'okpuru oke ịda ogbenye, ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu e dekọrọ na mba ahụ. [24]

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ndepụta mba site na pasentị ndị bi na ịda ogbenye

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population). The World Bank. Retrieved on 24 April 2014.
  2. ↑ Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) - Latin America & Caribbean, Argentina. World Bank. Retrieved on November 22, 2020.
  3. ↑ La línea de pobreza del INDEC, cada vez más lejos de las mediciones privadas (es). Clarin. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved on November 22, 2020.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 La Nación: Estiman que la pobreza es casi el doble de la admitida por el Gobierno (es).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 INSTITUTO ARGENTINO PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS ECONOMIAS REGIONALES. INSTITUTO ARGENTINO PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS ECONOMIAS REGIONALES.
  6. ↑ INDEC: Poverty line and baseline household budgets. Archived from the original on 2017-01-18. Retrieved on 2024-04-01.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 INDEC: Population with unsatisfied basic needs. Archived from the original on 2016-11-12. Retrieved on 2024-04-01.
  8. ↑ ANSES (es). Archived from the original on 2011-07-04. Retrieved on 2010-07-13.
  9. ↑ ANSES: Extensión de Plazos de Libreta (es). Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved on 2010-07-13.
  10. ↑ Argentina: Políticas Sociales, Vivieda y servicios (es). Archived from the original on 2010-07-15. Retrieved on 2024-04-01.
  11. ↑ INDEC: Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (May 21, 2010) (es). Archived from the original on July 15, 2010. Retrieved on July 13, 2010.
  12. ↑ Keppel. "5 Ways Hugo Chavez Has Destroyed the Venezuelan Economy", Fusion (TV channel), 17 January 2014. Retrieved on 21 April 2014.
  13. ↑ Data: Peru. The World Bank. Retrieved on 24 April 2014.
  14. ↑ Peru Overview. The World Bank. Retrieved on 24 April 2014.
  15. ↑ World Bank Poverty Assessment: Peru.
  16. ↑ La pobreza en Uruguay cerró el segundo semestre de 2022 en 9,1% con una mejora de 1,5 puntos porcentuales (2023-03-27). Archived from the original on 2023-03-27. Retrieved on 2023-03-31.
  17. ↑ La pobreza en Uruguay cayó al 9,1 % tras el segundo semestre de 2022 (es-ES). infobae. Retrieved on 2023-03-31.
  18. ↑ INE Uruguay: Evolución de la pobreza por el método del ingreso (es). Archived from the original on 2005-11-09.
  19. ↑ INE Uruguay: Estimaciones de pobreza (2008) (es). Archived from the original on June 14, 2013.
  20. ↑ UNDP Human Development Report 2 009 Update. Table 3: Human poverty index: developing countries (PDF). Retrieved on 2010-01-19.
  21. ↑ INE Venezuela: Pobreza por línea de ingreso, 1er semestre 1997 - 2do semestre 2011 Àtụ:In lang. Archived from the original on 2012-07-27. Retrieved on 2024-04-01.
  22. ↑ Nichols, Michelle. "Venezuelans facing 'unprecedented challenges,' many need aid - internal U.N. report", Reuters, 29 March 2019. Retrieved on 6 April 2019.
  23. ↑ "Venezuelan migrant exodus hits 3 million: U.N.", Reuters, 8 November 2018. Retrieved on 28 February 2019.
  24. ↑ Encovi 2021: Venezuela Is The Poorest Country in Latin America. Caracas Chronicles (2021-09-30). Retrieved on 2021-12-24.
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