Ịkụchasị
Ịzọcha ihe ma ọ bụ ịzọchasị ihe bụ usoro ịtọpụ akụkụ ọka (ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ) a na-eri site na ahịhịa nke e tinyere ya na ya. Ọ bụ nzọụkwụ a na-akwadebe ọka ma e wetachara ya. Nzọcha mkpụrụ anaghị ewepụ ahịhịa na ọka.[1]
Akụkọ banyere ogwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ihe ka ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ ugbo, nzọcha mkpụrụ na-ewe oge ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike, na-ewekwa otu iko ọka wit n'ihe dị ka otu awa.[2] N'ọgwụgwụ narị afọ nke 18, tupu a kpụzi ụzọ nzọcha mkpụrụ, [3] etinyere ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ọrụ ugbo. [2][3]
O yikarịrị ka n'oge mbụ nke ọrụ ugbo, a na-eji aka na-akụ obere ọka a na-akụ, ma ka ọ na-abawanye ụbara, a na-eji osisi kụrie ọka ahụ, ma ọ bụ ùkwù ọka ahụ kụwara n'ala. Ọganihu na nke a, ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na-abawanye, bụ omume nke ndị Ijipt oge ochie ịgbasa ùkwù ọka ndị a tọhapụrụ n'elu okirikiri okirikiri nke ala siri ike, na-ebugharị ehi, atụrụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ gburugburu na gburugburu ya ka ha wee zọpụ. ọka. A na-etinye ogige a n'elu ala dị elu nke mere na mgbe a na-ewepụ ahịhịa ahụ, ifufe fesara igbogbo ọka ma hapụ ọka. Ụdị nke a dị ugbu a n'ebe ụfọdụ bụ ịgbasa ọka n'elu okporo ụzọ obodo ka e wee jiri ụkwụ ụgbọ ala na-agafe zọcha ọka.[4]
Otú ọ dị, usoro a na-emebi akụkụ nke ọka, ma na-anọchi ya n'akụkụ akụkụ ya site na nzọcha ọka, nnukwu okpokolo agba nke a na-etinye na rollers atọ ma ọ bụ karịa, mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-atụgharị ya ka ọ na-esi na ya na-ese ya n'elu ọka nke ehi abụọ gbasasịrị. A na-ejikwa sledge a na-ahụkarị nke nwere ala gbajiri agbaji ma ọ bụ nke a kpọgidere. Ụdị ụzọ ndị a ka ndị Gris oge ochie ji mee ihe, ma nọgidekwa na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ọgbara ọhụrụ n'ebe ụfọdụ. N'Ịtali, iji ihe na-akpụ akpụ akpụ akpụ a na-etinye n'osisi kwụ ọtọ nke dị n'etiti ebe a na-azọcha ihe ma na-eji ehi dọpụta ya na nsọtụ mpụta yiri ka ọ̀ si n'eriri tribulum ma ọ bụ sledge nke Rom.[5]
Flail ahụ, otu ụzọ ejikọrọ eji kụrie ọka, sitere na mmalite usoro eji otu osisi. Pliny the Elder kọwara ya n’ụzọ ndị gara aga na narị afọ mbụ OA Natural History, sị: “A na-azọcha ọka n’ebe ụfọdụ n’ebe nzọcha mkpụrụ dị n’ebe nzọcha mkpụrụ; n’ebe ndị ọzọ, a na-eji ụgbọ okporo ígwè zọchaa ha; na ndị ọzọ a na-akụ ha n'ọkpụkpụ "[6]. O yiri ka ọ bụ ihe eji eme ihe na-akụcha ihe n'ozuzu ya na mba niile dị n'Ebe Ugwu Europe, ọ bụkwa ụzọ bụ isi e si zọcha ọka ka mbubreyo 1860. A maara ya na Japan n'oge mbụ, ma eleghị anya, a na-ejikọta ya na onye na-agbapụ ihe, bụ ngwá ọrụ. emebere nke ukwuu dị ka nnukwu mbo, nke ejiri osisi siri ike mee ezé wee tụọ aka elu. A na-ebute ahihia ahụ mgbe e chichachara ya na nke a wee jiri aka kpụchaa ya, a na-adọpụ isi ya wee zọchaa ya n'ebe nzọcha mkpụrụ site na flail. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-eji ngwa ngwa dị otú ahụ, nke a maara dị ka "heckle", mee ihe maka ịchikọta bolls ma ọ bụ isi na flax, ma ọ bụ maka ịgbatị eriri ahụ na ọgwụgwọ mgbe emechara..[5]
Mgbe a kụrụ ọka ahụ ma ọ bụ jiri ụzọ ndị ọzọ kụwaa ya, a na-eji nlezianya wepụ ahịhịa ahụ ma chịkọta ọka na ahịhịhịa ka e kewaa ya site na winnowing mgbe ifufe na-efe. Nke a gụnyere ịtụba ngwakọta ọka na ahịhịa n'ime ikuku ka ifufe wee buru ahịhịhịa ahụ ka ọka ahụ na-ada n'ala ahịhịrị. Mkpụrụ ọka kachasị mma dara nso ebe a na-eburu ọka kachasị mfe n'ebe dị anya tupu ọ daa, n'ihi ya, a na-enweta akara nke ọka ahụ. A na-emekwa ya mgbe ikuku na-adịghị site na ịfụ ụfụ mgbe ị na-awụsa ngwakọta ahụ site na arịa. Ka oge na-aga, e mepụtara ihe igwe ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-aga n'ihu. E wuru ogige ndị nwere nnukwu ọnụ ụzọ na-emeghe n'akụkụ ifufe na-efe efe ka ifufe wee nwee ike ịfụ n'ime ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na gafee ala ahịhịa maka ebumnuche nke ime ka ọka dị nro. A nọgidere na-eji flail eme ihe maka ebumnuche pụrụ iche dị ka mkpụrụ okooko osisi, nakwa ebe ọnụọgụ a na-akụ dị obere iji mee ka ọ ghara ịba uru mgbe ị na-eji ihe igwe nri.
Banyere oke ọka a na-egweri n'otu ụbọchị site na flail, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mma bụ 8 bushels nke ọka wit, 30 bushels nke oats, 16 bushels nke barley, 20 bushels nke agwa, 8 bushels of rye na 20 bushels of buckwheat.
Imepụta ígwè
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, e nwere mgbalị iji mepụta igwe na-egwe ọka na-arụ ọrụ ike. N'afọ 1732, Michael Menzies, onye Scotland, nwetara ikike ikike maka igwe na-akwọ ụgbọala. A haziri nke a iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke flails na-arụ ọrụ site na ike mmiri, mana ọ nweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. Otu onye ọrụ ugbo Scotland aha ya bụ Leckie mere mgbalị mbụ na-eduga n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'ihe dị ka afọ 1758. O mepụtara ihe a kọwara dị ka "ngwunye na-agbagharị agbagharị nke nwere usoro ogwe aka na-agbakwunye na ogwe aka dị larịị ma mechie ya n'ime igbe cylindrical. "Ngwunye a anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, mana ọ gosipụtara ịdị elu nke mmegharị na-agba gburugburu ma gosipụta ụzọ a ga-esi wuo igwe na-agbapụ agbagharị. [5]
Ezigbo mmepụta ihe nke ịkwachasị malitere na 1786 site na mmepụta nke igwe ịkwachasị site na Scot Andrew Meikle. N'ime nke a, a na-enye ụyọkọ ndị a tọhapụrụ nri, ntị mbụ, site na bọọdụ nri n'etiti ihe abụọ na-agbagharị agbagharị na cylinder na-eti ihe. A na-eji cylinder ma ọ bụ "drum" a na-eji ihe anọ na-eme ka ígwè ma ọ bụ osisi na-aga n'ihu na axle ya, ndị a na-akụkwa ntị ọka ka ha na-apụta site na rollers kụrụ ọka ahụ. Ọbọ ahụ na-agbagharị na 200 ruo 250 ntụgharị kwa nkeji ma buru ọka na ahịhịa na-enweghị isi gaa na sieve concave n'okpuru drum ọzọ na-agba gburugburu ma ọ bụ rake nwere mkpịsị aka nke na-agbanye ahịhịrị na concave ma mee ka ọka na ahịrị daa. Ihe ọzọ na-agbagharị agbagharị tụpụrụ ahịhịa ahụ n'ime igwe ahụ. A na-eji ahịhịa ahụ na-agafe n'okpuru otu ogwe osisi ma na-aga n'elu nke ọzọ na-agbanye ya ma na-atụgharị ya nke ọma nke na-ekewa ọka na ahịhịhịa site na ya. Ndị a dara n'ala n'okpuru, dị njikere maka winnowing.[5]
Mmepe nke batter-drum mechara bụrụ iji dozie ígwè na etiti ahụ, ya mere e mepụtara "peg-mill" nke Scotland nke nọgidere bụrụ ụdị ọkọlọtọ ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu narị afọ, a nabatara ya na US.[5] Na Britain, mmepe nke ịgbà na-agba ọsọ na-ebu nnukwu ihe ize ndụ, a na-enyekwa ụdị onye nche nchebe site na Iwu Threshing Machine Act nke 1878. [5]
Mmepụta ihe nke oge a
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ebe ndị mepere emepe nke oge a, a na-ejikarị igwe arụ ọrụ, ọ na-abụkarị site n'aka onye na-ewe ihe ubi, nke na-ewepụta, na-egwe ihe ubi, ma na-agbanye ọka mgbe ọ ka nọ n'ọhịa.[5][6]
Enwere ike ịchekwa ọka n'Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ma ọ bụ silos.
Ememme ndị a na-egwepịa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]aṅụ na-egwe ọka bụ aṅụ nke ndị obodo na-ezukọta ọnụ iji tinye aka ma mee ka a na-egweri ọka n'oge ahụ. Aṅụ ndị dị otú ahụ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ ememme ma ọ bụ ihe omume n'ime emume owuwe ihe ubi buru ibu. Ebumnuche mbụ ahụ aghọwo ihe mgbe ochie, mana omenala ememme ahụ na-adịgide na ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke oge a nke na-echeta oge gara aga ma gụnyere ahịa flea, Ịgba mgba ezì, na ịgba egwú. [7][8][9]
Ihe ngosi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
 |
Wikimedia Commons nwe ru media dị ikwu nye Threshing. |
- Ọgba aghara Swing
- Mbadamba ụrọ
- Ala a na-egwe ihe
- Ngwunye ịkwachasị
- Nkume e ji egwe ihe
- Ịgba Ọsọ Ndụ
Ebem si dee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ threshing. encyclopedia.com. Retrieved on 22 February 2021.
- ↑ The Bob & Diane Miller Collection - Wheat Threshing (1993). Texas Archive of the Moving Image. Retrieved on November 19, 2019.
- ↑ Clark (2007). A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12135-2.
- ↑ M. Partridge, Farm Tools through the Ages (1973)
- ↑ Andrew Meikle (1719-1811) engineer and inventor of the threshing machine, the predecessor of the combine harvester. Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame. Retrieved on 5 April 2015.
- ↑ The Threshing Machine -- Separation of Grain from Stalks and Husks.
- ↑ home. Archived from the original on 2019-04-10. Retrieved on 2024-08-28.
- ↑ Dufur Threshing Bee. Archived from the original on August 11, 2008.
- ↑ Welcome to the Donnelly Threshing Bee.